La escritura creativa y la mejora de la autoestima en educación primaria: una propuesta didáctica

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado trata la escritura creativa y la mejora de la autoestima. La escritura creativa mejora la autoestima si se tratan aspectos relevantes para los alumnos y que les hagan verse bien con ellos mismos. Para ello se trabaja mediante una propuesta didáctica de 10 sesiones para un alumnado de 5º de Primaria. La propuesta tiene dos objetivos: trabajar la escritura creativa mediante tareas escritas y potenciar la autoestima de los estudiantes trabajando aspectos como la autoimagen o la autovaloración. Al iniciar las sesiones se hace una prueba para ver el nivel de autoestima del alumnado y al finalizar se repite el proceso para observar si ha habido cambios notorios, además de evaluar la creatividad. La hipótesis del trabajo implica trabajar la creatividad porque permite que los estudiantes sean capaces de resolver problemas y de generar ideas, y trabajar su autoestima permite que tengan una visión positiva de ellos mismos. Las conclusiones que se recogen en el trabajo hablan de la importancia de la motivación y del aprendizaje significativo tanto en el alumno como en la formación docente, la complicación de llevarlo a cabo por el Covid-19 y las perspectivas de futuro y aprendizajes adquiridos.<br /

Carbosilane dendritic nanostructures, highly versatile platforms for pharmaceutical applications

Dendrimers are multifunctional molecules with well-defined size and structure due to the step-by-step synthetic procedures required in their preparation. Dendritic constructs based on carbosilane scaffolds present carbon-carbon and carbon-silicon bonds, which results in stable, lipophilic, inert, and flexible structures. These properties are highly appreciated in different areas, including the pharmaceutical field, as they can increase the interaction with cell membranes and improve the therapeutic action. This article summarizes the most recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of carbosilane dendritic molecules, from therapeutics to diagnostics and prevention tools. Dendrimers decorated with cationic, anionic, or other moieties, including metallodendrimers; supramolecular assemblies; dendronized nanoparticles and surfaces; as well as dendritic networks like hydrogels are described. The collected examples confirm the potential of carbosilane dendrimers and dendritic materials as antiviral or antibacterial agents; in therapy against cancer, neurodegenerative disease, or oxidative stress; or many other biomedical applications.This article is categorized under:Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in BiologyTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious DiseaseTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic DiseaseMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadComunidad de MadridJunta de Comunidades de Castilla-La ManchaUniversidad de Alcal

Presencia de interleuquina 8 en fluido crevicular de pacientes con periodontitis agresiva

ABSTRACT: The aggressive periodontitis is associated to the presence of periodontal pathogens and altered response in the polymorph nuclear Neutrophils (PMN). The interleukin 8(IL-8) recruits and activates these cells in infection sites. This paper analyzes the presence of IL-8 in crevicular fluid, of 17 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 11 healthy or with minor gingivitis individuals (controls). In all of them, it was carried out medical evaluation, attachment level (AL), plaque index(PI), bleeding on probing index(BP) and crevicular fluid volume (CFV) using Periotron 8000. Concentration and total amount of Interleukin 8 in CFV are measured by ELISA. Statistical analyses are carried out with the programs Prism 4.0 and Log Xact 4.1. There are not significant differences between patients and controls with regard to their age and oral hygiene. Patients and controls with mean age of 36.94 (SD 8.62) and of 30.18 (SD 8.61) present IP = 49.35% (SD 24.65) and 34.27% (SD 19.45) respectively. The patients differed from the controls in their AL (p = 0.000039), BP (p = 0.007) and CFV (p = 0.00001) values. The concentration of IL-8 in patients (315.4 pg/ ìL) and controls (426.4 pg/ ìL) does not show differences (p > 0.05), but the total amount of IL-8 is different (median 1844.06 and 229.87 pg, p=0.0013, respectively). In summary there is association among Aggressive Periodontitis, AL, VFC and the total content of IL-8. This study shows the importance of IL-8 in the response of Neutrophils.RESUMEN: La periodontitis agresiva se asocia a la presencia de periodontopatógenos y a una respuesta alterada de los polimorfonucleares neutrófilos (PMN). La interleuquina 8 (IL-8) recluta y activa estas células en los sitios de infección. En la presente investigación se analizó la presencia de IL-8 en fluido crevicular de 17 pacientes con periodontitis agresiva y 11 individuos normales. En todos los pacientes y controles se realizó evaluación médica indicadora de salud sistémica, nivel de inserción (NI), índice de placa (IP), índice de sangría (SS) y volumen de fluido crevicular (VFC) con Periotron 8000. En el fluido crevicular se midió concentración y cantidad total de IL-8 con ELISA. El análisis estadístico no mostró diferencias significativas entre los pacientes y controles en relación con relación a edad 36,94 (D. E. 8,62) y 30,18 (D. E. 8,61) y a la higiene oral IP = 49,35% (D. E. 24,65) y 34,27% (D. E. 19,45) respectivamente. Los pacientes se diferenciaron de los controles en su pérdida de inserción NI (p = 0.000039), en el SS (p = 0,007) y en el VFC (p = 0,00001). Aunque la concentración de IL-8 en pacientes y controles no mostró diferencias 315,4 y 426,4 pg/mL respectivamente (p > 0,05), el contenido total de IL-8 sí (mediana 1844,06 y 229,87 pg respectivamente, (p = 0,0013). En definitiva se demuestra asociación entre periodontitis agresiva, NI, VFC y el contenido total de IL-8. Este estudio muestra la importancia de la IL-8, fundamental en la respuesta de los PMN en la periodontitis

Expediciones Humboldt: Honda-Méndez, Tolima

Este informe presenta los resultados de la caracterización biológica de uno de los bosques secos con mejor estado de conservación en el departamento del Tolima, ubicado entre los municipio de Honda, Méndez y Armero-Guayabal. Estos bosques se encuentran en una matriz de ganadería y producción agropecuaria, donde las coberturas boscosas son conservadas por los propietarios, conscientes de la importancia de este ecosistema para la provisión de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos. Esperamos que esta información producto de la capacidad científica del Instituto Humboldt, sea relevante y útil en las decisiones de planificación estratégica tanto en el ordenamiento territorial de los municipios de Honda, Méndez y Armero-Guayabal, como para las decisiones de conservación que se tomen en la regiónBogotáCiencias Básicas de la Biodiversida

TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century