Caries Management: A Journey between Black’s principals and Minimally Invasive Concepts

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Omega 3, 6, 9 Enhanced Goat Meat (Omega-Chevon) from Flaxseed and Canola Fed Meat Goats

With growing obesity and cardiovascular disease concerns, the meat industry aims to reduce fat content in meat products. Currently Omega Fatty Acid (FA) enhanced beef and eggs are being marketed in the US, but Omega enhanced goat meat (Omega-Chevon) has not been developed. Meat goats were fed ground flaxseed and canola supplemented feed for 90 days. There were no palatability, weight, or health issues in meat goats fed canola and flaxseed supplemented feed. Chevon from goats fed canola and flaxseed had significant (

A high-quality sequence of Rosa chinensis to elucidate genome structure and ornamental traits

Rose is the worlds most important ornamental plant with economic, cultural and symbolic value. Roses are cultivated worldwide and sold as garden roses, cut flowers and potted plants. Rose has a complex genome with high heterozygosity and various ploidy levels. Our objectives were (i) to develop the first high-quality reference genome sequence for the genus Rosa by sequencing a doubled haploid, combining long and short read sequencing, and anchoring to a high-density genetic map and (ii) to study the genome structure and the genetic basis of major ornamental traits. We produced a haploid rose line from R. chinensis "Old Blush" and generated the first rose genome sequence at the pseudo-molecule scale (512 Mbp with N50 of 3.4 Mb and L75 of 97). The sequence was validated using high-density diploid and tetraploid genetic maps. We delineated hallmark chromosomal features including the pericentromeric regions through annotation of TE families and positioned centromeric repeats using FISH. Genetic diversity was analysed by resequencing eight Rosa species. Combining genetic and genomic approaches, we identified potential genetic regulators of key ornamental traits, including prickle density and number of flower petals. A rose APETALA2 homologue is proposed to be the major regulator of petals number in rose. This reference sequence is an important resource for studying polyploidisation, meiosis and developmental processes as we demonstrated for flower and prickle development. This reference sequence will also accelerate breeding through the development of molecular markers linked to traits, the identification of the genes underlying them and the exploitation of synteny across Rosaceae

The effectiveness, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for maltreated children and adolescents: an evidence synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Child maltreatment is a substantial social problem that affects large numbers of children and young people in the UK, resulting in a range of significant short- and long-term psychosocial problems. OBJECTIVES: To synthesise evidence of the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of interventions addressing the adverse consequences of child maltreatment. STUDY DESIGN: For effectiveness, we included any controlled study. Other study designs were considered for economic decision modelling. For acceptability, we included any study that asked participants for their views. PARTICIPANTS: Children and young people up to 24 years 11 months, who had experienced maltreatment before the age of 17 years 11 months. INTERVENTIONS: Any psychosocial intervention provided in any setting aiming to address the consequences of maltreatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychological distress [particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety, and self-harm], behaviour, social functioning, quality of life and acceptability. METHODS: Young Persons and Professional Advisory Groups guided the project, which was conducted in accordance with Cochrane Collaboration and NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidance. Departures from the published protocol were recorded and explained. Meta-analyses and cost-effectiveness analyses of available data were undertaken where possible. RESULTS: We identified 198 effectiveness studies (including 62 randomised trials); six economic evaluations (five using trial data and one decision-analytic model); and 73 studies investigating treatment acceptability. Pooled data on cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for sexual abuse suggested post-treatment reductions in PTSD [standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.44 (95% CI -4.43 to -1.53)], depression [mean difference -2.83 (95% CI -4.53 to -1.13)] and anxiety [SMD -0.23 (95% CI -0.03 to -0.42)]. No differences were observed for post-treatment sexualised behaviour, externalising behaviour, behaviour management skills of parents, or parental support to the child. Findings from attachment-focused interventions suggested improvements in secure attachment [odds ratio 0.14 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.70)] and reductions in disorganised behaviour [SMD 0.23 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.42)], but no differences in avoidant attachment or externalising behaviour. Few studies addressed the role of caregivers, or the impact of the therapist-child relationship. Economic evaluations suffered methodological limitations and provided conflicting results. As a result, decision-analytic modelling was not possible, but cost-effectiveness analysis using effectiveness data from meta-analyses was undertaken for the most promising intervention: CBT for sexual abuse. Analyses of the cost-effectiveness of CBT were limited by the lack of cost data beyond the cost of CBT itself. CONCLUSIONS: It is not possible to draw firm conclusions about which interventions are effective for children with different maltreatment profiles, which are of no benefit or are harmful, and which factors encourage people to seek therapy, accept the offer of therapy and actively engage with therapy. Little is known about the cost-effectiveness of alternative interventions. LIMITATIONS: Studies were largely conducted outside the UK. The heterogeneity of outcomes and measures seriously impacted on the ability to conduct meta-analyses. FUTURE WORK: Studies are needed that assess the effectiveness of interventions within a UK context, which address the wider effects of maltreatment, as well as specific clinical outcomes. STUDY REGISTRATION: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013003889. FUNDING: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme

Therapeutic management of intestinal fibrosis induced by radiation therapy: from molecular profiling to new intervention strategies et vice et versa

Chronic toxicities of locoregional and systemic oncological treatments commonly develop in long-term cancer survivors. Amongst these toxicities, post-radiotherapeutic complications alter patient's quality of life. Reduction of exposure of normal tissues can be achieved by optimization of radiotherapy. Furthermore, understanding of the fibrogenic mechanisms has provided targets to prevent, mitigate, and reverse late radiation-induced damages. This mini-review shows how (i) global molecular studies using gene profiling can provide tools to develop new intervention strategies and (ii) how successful clinical trials, conducted in particular with combined pentoxifylline-vitamin E, can take benefice of biological and molecular evidences to improve our understanding of fibrogenic mechanisms, enhance the robustness of proposed treatments, and lead ultimately to better treatments for patient's benefice

Global Oral Health Policies and Guidelines: Using Silver Diamine Fluoride for Caries Control

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) was developed in Japan in the 1960s. It is a clear solution containing silver and fluoride ions. Because of its anti-bacterial and remineralizing effect, silver diamine fluoride has been used in managing dental caries for decades worldwide. This paper aims to summarize and discuss the global policies, guidelines, and relevant information on utilizing SDF for caries management. SDF can be used for treating dental caries in most countries. However, it is not permitted to be used in mainland China. Several manufacturers, mainly in Australia, Brazil, India, Japan, and the United States, produce SDF at different concentrations that are commercially available around the world. The prices differ between contents and brands. Different government organizations and dental associations have developed guidelines for clinical use of SDF. Dental professionals can refer to the specific guidelines in their own countries or territories. Training for using SDF is part of undergraduate and/or postgraduate curriculums in almost all countries. However, real utilization of SDF of dentists, especially in the private sector, remains unclear in most places because little research has been conducted. There are at least two ongoing regional-wide large-scale oral health programs, using SDF as one of the components to manage dental caries in young children (one in Hong Kong and one in Mongolia). Because SDF treatment does not require caries removal, and it is simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive, SDF is a valuable strategy for caries management in young children, elderly people, and patients with special needs. In addition, to reduce the risk of bacteria or virus transmission in dental settings, using SDF as a non-aerosol producing procedure should be emphasized under the COVID-19 outbreak.</p

Work Engagement, Burnout and Personal Accomplishments Among Social Workers: A Comparison Between Those Working in Children and Adults’ Services in England

Social workers (SWs) provide emotional and practical support to vulnerable service users who are likely to suffer from emotional trauma and mental health conditions. Stress and burnout levels are reported to be high among SWs, however, little is known about their relationships with different characteristics. The current article utilises unique and large dataset (n?=?3786) on SWs working in adults and children’s services to examine factors associated with burnout. Employing job-demand/resources model and structural equations modelling, we highlight the varying significant impact of work-engagement, administrative support and work experience as moderating factors to burnout across adult and children service specialism in this sample

Effect of a silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide-based desensitizing and cavity cleaning agent on bond strength to dentine

Objectives Recently a silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide solution (Riva Star, SDI Australia) has been introduced for clinical use as a desensitizing agent or a cavity cleaner. Little is known whether the precipitate produced will affect adhesion to dentin. The aim of this study was to determine whether Riva Star influenced bond strengths to an etch-and-rinse (Optibond FL; Kerr, USA), 2-step self-etching (Clearfil Liner Bond F; Kuraray Noritake Dental, Japan) and all-in-one (Optibond Versa; Kerr) resin-based adhesives and a resin-modified GIC adhesive (Riva Bond LC; SDI Australia). Methods Human mid-coronal dentin was used; the adhesives were bonded according to the manufacturers' instructions or after the dentine surfaces had been treated with the Riva Star. Teeth were sectioned into 1 mm×1 mm samples and subjected to a microtensile bond strength test. Results were analysed using univariate analysis of variance and Tukey HSD test. Results Adhesive strengths were adversely affected for all adhesives: manufacturer instructions: Optibond FL 32 MPa, SE Bond 28.5 MPa, Optibond Versa 35, Riva Bond LC 18.4 MPa; Riva Star treated groups: Optibond FL 22 MPa, SE Bond 10.9 MPa, Optibond Versa 9.6 MPa, Riva Bond LC 14.5 MPa. Only the GIC and etch-and-rinse adhesive were less effected by the Riva Star application. SEM analysis showed that Riva Star left a precipitate on the dentine surface. Conclusions It was concluded that if Riva Star is used as a desensitizing and cavity cleaning agent then tooth surfaces should be lightly roughened. Riva Star should not be used as a 'whole cavity' 'disinfecting' agent but may be used for spot application where a cavity floor approximates the pulp where caries-affected dentine may still exist, otherwise adhesion may be compromised.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Effect of enzymatic-based chemomechanical caries removal on dentine bonding.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic-based chemomechanical caries removal method on bonding of self-etch adhesives to caries-affected dentine. Methods: Seventy-eight permanent molars exhibiting frank cavitation on the occlusal surface reaching dentine were used in the study. Forty-eight teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=16) according to the caries excavation method: Group 1: Papacarie (Formula & Acao, Brazil), Group 2: Carisolv (MediTeam, Göteborg, Sweden), Group 3: round carbide bur. After caries removal, each group was further subdivided into two groups (n=8) for bonding with two-step self-etch (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray) or one-step self-etch (Clearfil S3 Bond, Kuraray) adhesive, following manufacturers’ instructions. Composite build-ups were performed using Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE). After 24h storage in distilled water, the bonded teeth were sectioned into 0.8mm2 beams and stressed to failure for microtensile bond strength testing. Bond strength data was analyzed using 3-way ANOVA (caries excavation method, adhesive type and dentine type) and Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison test (α = 0.05). The remaining 30 carious molars were similarly randomly distributed into 6 groups (n=5) for interfacial nanoleakage evaluation using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Results: The results of three-way ANOVA revealed that bond strength was not significantly affected by the “caries excavation method” (p>0.05), but affected by “adhesive type” and “dentine type” (p<0.001). The microtensile bond strength of two-step self-etch adhesive was significantly higher than one-step self-etch adhesive (p<0.001). For two-step self-etch adhesive, the bond strength to sound dentine was significantly higher than residual caries-excavated dentine. Higher silver penetration was found in the bonded interfaces of residual caries-affected dentine and one-step self-etch adhesive groups. Conclusions: The enzymatic-based chemomechanical caries removal method did not interfere with bonding to caries-affected dentine. It can be used as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite-based chemomechanical caries removal method