Very long baseline interferometry

S-band stations with dual tracking capability have been used to gather double differential very long baseline interferometry data on Apollo 16 and Apollo 17. This was accomplished by simultaneously receiving both monochromatic radio signal emissions at each of two separated receiving stations, transmitting these data to a central processing facility, and calculating the differences between Doppler angular rates to determine the motion of the lunar roving vehicle

Mathematical relationships of the MFOD ANTENNA axes

Equations for interrelating position data of different coordinate systems used in manned space flight network tracking equipmen

A System for Induction of Oblique Decision Trees

This article describes a new system for induction of oblique decision trees. This system, OC1, combines deterministic hill-climbing with two forms of randomization to find a good oblique split (in the form of a hyperplane) at each node of a decision tree. Oblique decision tree methods are tuned especially for domains in which the attributes are numeric, although they can be adapted to symbolic or mixed symbolic/numeric attributes. We present extensive empirical studies, using both real and artificial data, that analyze OC1's ability to construct oblique trees that are smaller and more accurate than their axis-parallel counterparts. We also examine the benefits of randomization for the construction of oblique decision trees.Comment: See http://www.jair.org/ for an online appendix and other files accompanying this articl

Evidence for symmetric chromosomal inversions around the replication origin in bacteria.

BackgroundWhole-genome comparisons can provide great insight into many aspects of biology. Until recently, however, comparisons were mainly possible only between distantly related species. Complete genome sequences are now becoming available from multiple sets of closely related strains or species.ResultsBy comparing the recently completed genome sequences of Vibrio cholerae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to those of closely related species - Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes and Mycobacterium leprae, respectively - we have identified an unusual and previously unobserved feature of bacterial genome structure. Scatterplots of the conserved sequences (both DNA and protein) between each pair of species produce a distinct X-shaped pattern, which we call an X-alignment. The key feature of these alignments is that they have symmetry around the replication origin and terminus; that is, the distance of a particular conserved feature (DNA or protein) from the replication origin (or terminus) is conserved between closely related pairs of species. Statistically significant X-alignments are also found within some genomes, indicating that there is symmetry about the replication origin for paralogous features as well.ConclusionsThe most likely mechanism of generation of X-alignments involves large chromosomal inversions that reverse the genomic sequence symmetrically around the origin of replication. The finding of these X-alignments between many pairs of species suggests that chromosomal inversions around the origin are a common feature of bacterial genome evolution

From printshop to piazza: the dissemination of cheap print in sixteenth century Venice

PhDThis thesis is concerned with the smallest and cheapest products of the Venetian presses in the sixteenth century. Pamphlets and printed fliers were the most accessible articles of printed matter to the wider public, and they are crucial to understanding how the technology of printing infiltrated the urban life of Venice in this period. To this end, Chapter One is concerned with the spaces of print dissemination in the city, mapping information about the locations of presses, bookshops, and stalls in the city. A particular focus is the street trade in cheap print, how this interacted with established shops and was drawn to particular times and spaces of public gathering. Chapters Two and Three consider the chief producers and disseminators of cheap print: printers and publishers, and vendors both established and itinerant. I examine the people who came to make up the printing industry in this developmental phase, and the role that the production of cheap print played in the process of establishing a successful business. A focus on performers who published or sold cheap print-enacting the oral dissemination of texts in tandem with their printed diffusion-suggests how broader publics, of every shade from illiterate to literate, were becoming acculturated to an expanding print culture. Chapter Four then concentrates on representative examples of printed pamphlets produced in Venice by itinerant publishers and performers in collaboration with members of the local printing industry, for example, tales of chivalry, poems about recent wars, charlatans' recipes, and prognostications. Finally, in Chapter Five I consider how cheap print dissemination fared in the intensifying climate of control and censorship of the Counter-Reformation era

The Development of a Composite Criminal Suicide Attempt Scale

This study was designed to understand and identify prison male inmates who had attempted suicide in their history prior to their incarceration. The objectives were (1) the comparison of inmates who had indicated that they had attempted suicide in their past, referred to as suicide attempt inmates, with inmates who had not, referred to as non-suicide attempt inmates, on 33 behavioral and personal variables; (2) The development of a suicide attempt scale by means of an item analysis on the responses of suicide attempt and non-suicide inmates to the items of the Bipolar Psychological Inventory (BPI). This scale was named the BPI Suicide Attempt Scale; (3) The development of a comp o site suicide attempt scale; the components selected for this scale would be the BPI Suicide Attempt Scale, and/or one or more of the 33 personal and behavioral variables. This scale w9 s named the Criminal Suicide Attempt Scale. Based on an original and a replication sample of suicide attempt inmates and non-suicide attempt inmates at the Utah State Prison, with those in the original sample being younger, the findings were: (1) of the 33 personal and behavioral variables only one of them, prior drug use, differentiated each of the two groups within each of the two samples; several other different ones of them differentiated each of the two groups within each of the two samples; (2) BPI Suicide Attempt Scale, derived from the Bipolar Psychological Inventory which the inmates at the prison take usually soon after their incarceration, and developed on the two groups of the original sample, was able to differentiate the two groups of the replication sample at the .001 level; (3) The Criminal Suicide Attempt Scale, which consisted of two weighted components, drug use variable and the BPI Suicide Attempt Scale, correlated .38 with the suicide attempt vs. non-suicide attempt inmates of the replication sample and it was shown to have moderate accuracy in identifying suicide attempt inmates. In an attempt to further validate the developed BPI Suicide Attempt Scale, a supplementary study was included in this dissertation. It concerned the use of this scale on male inmates at the Utah State Prison who had attempted suicide at the prison, referred to as prison suicide attempters. It compared their scores on this scale with those of the two groups of the replication sample, and related their scores on the scales of the Bipolar Psychological Inventory (BPI) and a risk rating. The findings were (1) derived from their BPI, the scores on the BPI Suicide Attempt Scale of the prison suicide attempters and of the non-suicide attempt inmates differed significantly at the . 02 level. The mean score of the prison suicide attempters was essentially the same as that of the suicide attempt inmates of the replication sample; (2) the BPI Suicide Attempt Scale scores of the prison suicide attempters correlated positively and significantly with their scores on 8 scales of the BPI. Six of these scales, depression, self-degradation, impulsiveness, psychic pain, family discord and dependence are related to factors indicated in the literature of suicidology to be associated with suicidal individuals; (3) the BPI Suicide Attempt Scale scores of the prison suicide attempters did not correlate with their risk factors scores on the risk-rescue rating of Weisman and Worden (1974)

ADOPTING SUSTAINABILITY INNOVATIONS IN RESTAURANTS: An Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Owner-Managers’ Decisions in Richmond, Virginia

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing restaurant Owner-Managers’ decisions to adopt sustainability innovations in restaurants. A cross-sectional survey research design is used for this study, which entails distributing a survey to restaurants in the City of Richmond, Virginia, to gain an understanding of the factors influencing sustainability innovation adoption. Drawing from both the innovation adoption theory and the theory of planned behavior, the researcher contributes a baseline of the restaurants’ sustainability and the Owner-Managers’ intrinsic motivations. By integrating innovation adoption theory’s perceived innovation characteristics and measuring restaurants’ past sustainability behavior, this study increases the overall explanatory power of the theory of planned behavior. The findings demonstrate the need for new policy that effectively increases the rate of sustainability innovation adoption throughout Richmond’s restaurant industry. This study’s baseline contribution enables policymakers to move from planning to the implementation of the initiatives needed to achieve the economic development goal and first objective detailed in the City of Richmond’s sustainability plan, RVAgreen: A Roadmap to Sustainability (2011)