Technological Singularity

Hypothetically, technological singularity is considered as irreversible changes to the mankind resulted from technological growth due to the invention of artificial super intelligence (AI). The major concern is that AI will come out of the control and, finally, humanity will be deprived of their position in the world

The Influence of Virtual Reality on Human Mind

Our society is witnessing a rapid development of innovation technologies which allowed to do scientific research in many spheres and, in particular, in virtual reality (VR) and its impact on a human mind and imagination

Silver halide IR fibre with extra small diameter

We developed fine extrusion dies and accessories for implementing the direct high-temperature extrusion. It allowed us to fabricate a silver halide polycrystalline single-layer fibre of a new miniaturization level. This fibre has a diameter of 110 μm (the previous minimum diameter was 300 μm). We measured the fibre’s optical properties, such as refractive index dispersion, transmission range, optical losses including bending losses, mode field distribution of CO2 laser radiation at 10.6 μm (in the far field). We also estimated the roughness of the fibre lateral surface and the ellipticity of the fibre end faces. It was found that 110 μm fibre is highly transparent in the wavelength range of 2-20 μm and has low bending losses. It has rather smooth surface, the almost perfect circle cross-section and the small deviation of the nominal diameter along the fibre. These fibres, assembled in mechanical fibre bundles, may be useful for IR imaging, IR spectroscopy, and IR microscopy. They also may be used as billets of inserts for various PCFs and fibre bundles with common background cladding (matrix) with improved functional characteristics

MINERAL ADDITIVES AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON PROCESSES OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PROTEIN OF RUMINANT ANIMALS

Представлені результати досліджень по вивченню впливу різного рівня мінеральних речовин, що додавалися до фонового раціону бичків на надходження хімусу, сухої речовини, органічних речовин, сирого протеїну із передшлунків до дванадцятипалої кишки. Перед початком дослідів тварини були прооперовані з накладенням анастомозів на початку дванадцятипалої кишки, на відстані 8 – 12 см від сичугу, до впадіння в кишечник підшлункової залози.У фізіологічних дослідах вивчали перетравність органічних речовин під впливом додавання до фонового раціону хлориду натрію, хлориду кобальту, сульфатів міді і цинку, як окремо, так і в комплексі. Відмічено, що зі збільшенням об'єму хімусу, що надходив до дванадцятипалої кишки перетравність органічних речовин в передшлунках знижувалася, що підтверджується зворотною кореляційною залежністю.Встановлено, що додавання до фонового раціону мінеральних солей призвело до збільшення надходження в тонкий кишечник органічних речовин, як в цілому, так і окремо сирого протеїну.З'ясовано, що додавання до фонового раціону мінеральних речовин призвело до активізації процесів біосинтезу мікробіального білку в передшлунках бичків з використанням ендогенних джерел азоту. Представлены результаты исследований по изучению влияния различного уровня минеральных веществ, добавлявшихся к фоновому рациону бычков на поступление химуса, сухого вещества, органических веществ, сирого протеина из преджелудков в двенадцатиперстную кишку. Перед началом опытов животные были прооперированы с наложением анастомозов в начале двенадцатиперстной кишки, на расстоянии 8–12 см от сычуга, до впадения в кишечник поджелудочной железы.В физиологических опытах изучали переваримость органических веществ под влиянием добавления к фоновому рациону хлорида натрия, хлорида кобальта, сульфатов меди и цинка, как по отдельности, так и в комплексе. Отмечено, что с увеличением объема химуса, поступающего в двенадцатиперстную кишку, переваримость органических веществ в преджелудках снижалась, что подтверждается обратной корреляционной зависимостью. Установлено, что добавление к фоновому рациону минеральных солей привело к увеличению поступления в тонкий кишечник органических веществ в целом, так и в отдельности сырого протеина.Выяснено, что добавление к фоновому рациону минеральных веществ привело к активизации процессов биосинтеза микробиального белка в преджелудках бычков с использованием эндогенных источников азота. Results of researches on studying the influence of various levels of the mineral substances that were added to a diet of bull–calves on getting of chyme, dry substances, organic substances, raw protein from prestomachs to duodenum are presented. Before the experiment animals have been operated with imposing of anastomosis at the beginning of a duodenum, at the distance of 8–12 cm from abomasus before the falling of pancreas into intestines.Nowadays rationing of mineral food of animals is carried out by two ways: by amount of mineral substances on one animal a day or by its quantity on one kilogram of the consumed solid forage.In our experiments mineral substances were brought in 1 kg of the consumed solid forage as it allows to create a certain concentration of the studied connections in the substance of the rumen.During the preparatory period animals were on the diet for two weeks, then within 7 days they were used in experiments to define digestibility of nutrients in gastrointestinal tract. After completion of experiment on digestibility there was a physiological experiment to determine daily volume and structure of the chyme proceeding through inosculation of chyme. In forage and on average daily tests of a duodenal chyme and faeces the content of solids and also organic substances (with the difference between amount of solid and mineral substances) of a raw protein, raw fat, raw cellulose and the anazotic extractive substances by common techniques of the zoochemical analysis were determined.In physiological experiments digestibility of organic substances under the influence of addition of chloride of sodium, chloride of cobalt, sulfates of copper and zinc to a diet separately and in the complex were studied. It was indicated that with the increase of chyme, coming to a duodenum, digestibility of organic substances in prestomachs decreased that was also confirmed by the inverse correlation dependence. It was proved that addition of mineral salts to a diet has led to increase of getting of organic substances in a small intestine as a whole and also of a raw protein.It was found that addition of mineral substances to a diet has led to activation of processes of biosynthesis of microbiological protein in prestomachs of bull–calves with the use of endogenous sources of nitrogen.

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Measurement of the Lambda(b) cross section and the anti-Lambda(b) to Lambda(b) ratio with Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versus pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Search for new physics in events with opposite-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) in final states with a pair of opposite-sign isolated leptons accompanied by jets and missing transverse energy. The search uses LHC data recorded at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 inverse femtobarns. Two complementary search strategies are employed. The first probes models with a specific dilepton production mechanism that leads to a characteristic kinematic edge in the dilepton mass distribution. The second strategy probes models of dilepton production with heavy, colored objects that decay to final states including invisible particles, leading to very large hadronic activity and missing transverse energy. No evidence for an event yield in excess of the standard model expectations is found. Upper limits on the BSM contributions to the signal regions are deduced from the results, which are used to exclude a region of the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Additional information related to detector efficiencies and response is provided to allow testing specific models of BSM physics not considered in this paper.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV

Isolated photon production is measured in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 2.76 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta|<1.44 and transverse energies ET between 20 and 80 GeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured ET spectra are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions. The ratio of PbPb to pp isolated photon ET-differential yields, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions, is consistent with unity for all PbPb reaction centralities.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Search for leptophobic Z ' bosons decaying into four-lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

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