Crystallization of the ordered vortex phase in high temperature superconductors

The Landau-Khalatnikov time-dependent equation is applied to describe the crystallization process of the ordered vortex lattice in high temperature superconductors after a sudden application of a magnetic field. Dynamic coexistence of a stable ordered phase and an unstable disordered phase, with a sharp interface between them, is demonstrated. The transformation to the equilibrium ordered state proceeds by movement of this interface from the sample center toward its edge. The theoretical analysis dictates specific conditions for the creation of a propagating interface, and provides the time scale for this process.Comment: 8 pages and 3 figures; to be published in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communications section

Extrapleural pneumolysis for cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis treatment

Objective. To increase efficiency of cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis treatment by developing modern indications and technology of extrapleural pneumolysis with filling material.Material and Methods. We reviewed 25 patients with cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis and bacterial excretion who had undergone extrapleural pneumolysis with different types of filling material in 2004–2015. In 16 cases, we performed surgery in patients with one lung.Results. 56% of operated patients demonstrated extensively drug-resistant TB, 40% had multidrug-resistant TB. Cavities were closed and bacterial excretion ceased in 92% of patients at discharge. Long-term results with observation period from 1 to 12 years were analyzed in 24 patients, 17 (71%) of them had complete clinical efficacy.Conclusion. Extrapleural pneumolysis is a mini-invasive surgical treatment that can prove positive effect in patients with non-fibrotic changes in a cavity wall and pathological process in upper parts of the lungs

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories : challenges and perspectives

We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of physical problems, in settings ranging from astrophysics and cosmology to strongly coupled, complex systems in particle and condensed-matter physics, as well as to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We also discuss how success in describing the strong interaction impacts other fields, and, in turn, how such subjects can impact studies of the strong interaction. In the course of the work we offer a perspective on the many research streams which flow into and out of QCD, as well as a vision for future developments.Peer reviewe

Radiodiagnosis of Pneumonodular Fistula as a Rare Complication of Tuberculous Mediastinitis in a Teenager with Generalized Tuberculosis

The low incidence of nodular fistulas can create difficulties in diagnosis and timely treatment. This clinical observation describes the diagnosis of pneumonodular fistula in a female patient with tuberculosis at multiple sites as a complication of tuberculous mediastinitis. It describes the surgical treatment received by this patient and its outcome as an example of correct treatment policy for this complication

RESECTION OF THE SINGLE LUNG IN THE TREATMENT OF BILATERAL DESTRUCTIVE TUBERCULOSIS

Впервые хирургический метод лечения патологического процесса в единственном легком был применен в 1948 г. Waterman D. [44]. У больного 52 лет через 6 лет после левосторонней пневмонэктомии, выполненной по поводу плоскоклеточного рака, была произведена резекция 10-го сегмента правого легкого по поводу метастаза злокачественной опухоли. Пациент умер через 2 года от метастазов в печень.Первая публикация о хирургическом лечении туберкулеза единственного легкого принадлежала Woods F., Wilson N., Overholt R. [46]. В 1956 г. они описали опыт хирургического лечения 6 больных. У 2 пациентов была выполнена верхняя лобэк- томия справа и у 4 – сегментарная резекция. Погибла одна пациентка на 4-е сут после операции, а полный клинический эффект был достигнут у 4 больных