Networkmetrics: Multivariate Big Data Analysis in the Context of the Internet

Multivariate problems are found in all areas of knowledge. In chemistry and related disciplines, the chemometric community was developed in a joint effort to understand and solve problems mainly from a multivariate and exploratory perspective. This perspective is, indeed, of broader applicability, even in areas of knowledge far from chemistry. In this paper, we focus on the Internet: the net of devices that allow an interconnected world where all types of data can be shared and unprecedented communication services can be provided. Problems in the Internet, or in general in networking, are not very different from chemometric problems. Building on this parallelism, we review four classes of problems in networking: estimation, anomaly detection, optimization and classification. We present an illustrative set of problems and show how a multivariate perspective may lead to significant improvements from stateof-the-art techniques. In absence of a better name we call the approach of treating these problems from that multivariate perspective networkmetrics. Networkmetric problems have their own specificities, mainly their typical Big Data nature and the presence of unstructured data. We argue that multivariate analysis is, indeed, useful to tackle these specificities

Cloning and expression of a distinct subclass of plant thioredoxins

mRNAs encoding a novel thioredoxin were isolated from pollen RNA of Lolium perenne (LpTrx), Hordeum bulbosum (HbTrx), Phalaris coerulescens (PTrx) and Secale cereale (ScTrx). The cDNAs contain a single ORF of 393 bp encoding a protein of 131 amino acids. The predicted proteins showed highest homology to plant thioredoxins of the h class yet form a distinct subgroup that is characterized by a high level of sequence conservation (95.4-97.7% identity). GenBank searches revealed additional members of this subclass in tomato, soybean, rice and pine. LpTrx and PTrx were expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and tested for thioredoxin activity. Both proteins displayed typical thioredoxin activity in the nonspecific insulin reduction assay, however, were not reduced by E. coli NADPH-dependant thioredoxin reductase