Formation of the Correct Mathematical Model of Grinding Raw Meat in Meat Mincer

Improvements of technological processes and equipment at modern meat-processing enterprises are challenging. It is especially important for the basic and widely used process of grinding raw meat material. Framework enhancements in meat grinding equipment allow one to significantly decrease power consumption and improve the quality of meat products and productivity of raw material processing. The grinding equipment for raw meat and meat products makes about a half of all the equipment used in meat industry. The generalized mathematical model presented is used to optimize the meat grinding process. Design and technology optimizationof mincers proves to be the most efficient only using correct mathematical models of extrusion processes. The influence of design and technological options on performance of mincers using EI is prioritized. The priority for further research is estimated. Both mathematical models of individual processes and results of computer simulations of mincers performance are presented. Mathematical equations, variables and algorithms are calculated using the ”Delphi” program. The results of numerical calculations are illustrated by the corresponding graphical dependencies

Oxetane-containing metabolites: origin, structures, and biological activities

Cyclobutanes containing one oxygen atom in a molecule are called oxetane-containing compounds (OCC). More than 600 different OCC are found in nature; they are produced by microorganisms, and also found in marine invertebrates and algae. The greatest number of them is found in plants belonging to the genus Taxus. Oxetanes are high-energy oxygen-containing nonaromatic heterocycles that are of great interest as new potential pharmacophores with a significant spectrum of biological activities. The biological activity of OCC that is produced by bacteria and Actinomycetes demonstrates antineoplastic, antiviral (arbovirus), and antifungal activity with confidence an angiogenesis stimulator, respiratory analeptic, and antiallergic activity dominate with confidence from 81 to 99%

Effect of Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback on Infra-Slow EEG Fluctuations

Infra-low frequency neurofeedback (ILF NF) has been proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment method. Previous studies have reported a good effect of ILF training on the subjective perception of positive psychological changes after training. Here we study whether the objective physiological parameters reflecting the brain function also change under the influence of ILF NF. Eight participants 21–50 years of age with no history of neurological or psychiatric diseases, but reporting about some physiological or psychological complaints, performed 20 sessions of infra-low frequency neurofeedback training. EEG in visual Go/NoGo test was recorded before the course of Neurofeedback and after its completion. The spectral power of slow EEG oscillations in the post-training recording was compared with the pretraining baseline. Along with remission of the clinical complaints, significant increase of spectral power in 0–0.5 Hz frequency band was observed in all eight participants in the post-training EEG patterns compared to the pretraining EEG, which may be linked to the improvement in the metabolic balance in the brain tissue and increasing efficiency of compensatory mechanisms in the stress regulation systems

Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution of Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus after Oral Administration to Rats

Fucus vesiculosus L., known as bladderwrack, belongs to the brown seaweeds, which are widely distributed throughout northern Russia, Atlantic shores of Europe, the Baltic Sea, Greenland, the Azores, the Canary Islands, and shores of the Pacific Ocean. Fucoidan is a major fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide found in Fucus (F.) vesiculosus. The pharmacokinetic profiling of active compounds is essential for drug development and approval. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of fucoidan in rats after a single-dose oral administration. Fucoidan was isolated from F. vesiculosus. The method of measuring anti-activated factor X (anti-Xa) activity by amidolytic assay was used to analyze the plasma and tissue concentrations of fucoidan. The tissue distribution of fucoidan after intragastric administration to the rats was characterized, and it exhibited considerable heterogeneity. Fucoidan preferentially accumulates in the kidneys (AUC(0-t) = 10.74 mu g.h/g; C-max = 1.23 mu g/g after 5 h), spleen (AUC(0-t) = 6.89 mu g.h/g; C-max = 0.78 mu g/g after 3 h), and liver (AUC(0-t) = 3.26 mu g.h/g; C-max = 0.53 mu g/g after 2 h) and shows a relatively long absorption time and extended circulation in the blood, with a mean residence time (MRT) = 6.79 h. The outcome of this study provides additional scientific data for traditional use of fucoidan-containing plants and offers tangible support for the continued development of new effective pharmaceuticals using fucoidan.Peer reviewe

SALIDAS DE NITRÓGENO EN EL AGROECOSISTEMA DE PLÁTANO (Musa AAB) AL SUR DEL LAGO DE MARACAIBO

El Sur del Lago de Maracaibo es la principal zona productora de plátano de Venezuela, con aproximadamente 30.000 has caracterizadas por plantaciones permanentes, dependientes de los fertilizantes, fundamentalmente nitrogenados para mantener los rendimientos. Sin embargo, este tipo de fertilizantes puede ocasionar problemas ambientales. Hasta ahora, las investigaciones se han limitado a evaluar dosis y su efecto en la producción. Se planteó conocer las salidas y otros flujos de nitrógeno del agroecosistema plátano. La investigación se desarrolló en la Estación Local Chama-INIA-Zulia, con el clon plátano Hartón, evaluado durante el primer ciclo de producción. El nitrógeno (N) se evaluó en biomasa vegetal, en el agua de precipitación, goteo más caída directa, con pluviómetros artesanales, flujo caulinar con mangueras sujetas al seudotallo, escorrentía superficial en parcelas de escorrentía y la volatilización por el método semiabierto estático. La fertilización fue de 13,2 g N.m-2 en tres aplicaciones. Entre los resultados obtenidos se menciona que la planta acumula en cada etapa de crecimiento vegetativo y reproductivo el 50% del N aplicado, lo que indica debilidad en la sincronización del plan de fertilización. La pérdida de N por drenaje  (19,74 g N.m-2), representa la principal salida y la volatilización de la urea (8,65 g N.m-2) la segunda. La absorción por la planta equivale al 80% del N aplicado, donde 65% del mismo retornó al suelo como necromasa. El suelo presentó un balance negativo (-2,9 g N.m-2), lo que podría afectar la sustentabilidad del sistema. Esto indica que el agroecosistema tiene baja eficiencia en el uso del fertilizante y alto potencial de pérdidas, provocando contaminación ambiental

LiZnNb4O11.5: A novel oxygen deficient compound in the Nb-rich part of the Li2O–ZnO–Nb2O5 system

A novel lithium zinc niobium oxide LiZnNb4O11.5 (LZNO) has been found in the Nb-rich part of Li2O–ZnO–Nb2O5 system. LZNO, with an original a-PbO2 related structure, has been synthesized by the routine ceramic technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reflections belonging to the LZNO phase, observed in X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and electron diffraction, have been indexed as monoclinic with unit cell parameters a=17.8358(9) A˚ , b=15.2924(7) A˚ , c=5.0363(3)A˚ and g=96.607(5)1 or as a-PbO2-like with lattice constants a=4.72420(3) A˚ , b=5.72780(3) A˚ , c=5.03320(3) A˚ , g=90.048(16)1 and modulation vector q=0.3a*+1.1b* indicating a commensurately modulated a-PbO2 related structure. The monoclinic cell is a supercell related to the latter. Using synchrotron powder diffraction data, the structure has been solved and refined as a commensurate modulation (superspace group P1121/n(ab0)00) as well as a supercell (space group P21/b). The superspace description allows us to consider the LZNO structure as a member of the proposed a-PbO2-Z (3+1)D structure type, which unifies both incommensurately and commensurately modulated structures. HRTEM reveals several types of defects in LZNO and structural models for these defects are proposed. Two new phases in Li2O–ZnO–Nb2O5 system are predicted on the basis of this detailed HRTEM analysis

Burden of Stroke in Europe:An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study Findings From 2010 to 2019

BACKGROUND:While most European Regions perform well in global comparisons, large discrepancies within stroke epidemiological parameters exist across Europe. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the stroke burden across European regions and countries in 2019 and its difference to 2010.METHODS:The GBD 2019 analytical tools were used to evaluate regional and country-specific estimates of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years of stroke for the European Region as defined by the World Health Organization, with its 53 member countries (EU-53) and for European Union as defined in 2019, with its 28 member countries (EU-28), between 2010 and 2019. Results were analyzed at a regional, subregional, and country level.RESULTS:In EU-53, the absolute number of incident and prevalent strokes increased by 2% (uncertainty interval [UI], 0%–4%), from 1 767 280 to 1 802 559 new cases, and by 4% (UI, 3%–5%) between 2010 and 2019, respectively. In EU-28, the absolute number of prevalent strokes and stroke-related deaths increased by 4% (UI, 2%–5%) and by 6% (UI, 1%–10%), respectively. All-stroke age-standardized mortality rates, however, decreased by 18% (UI, −22% to −14%), from 82 to 67 per 100 000 people in the EU-53, and by 15% (UI, −18% to −11%), from 49.3 to 42.0 per 100 000 people in EU-28. Despite most countries presenting reductions in age-adjusted incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year rates, these rates remained 1.4×, 1.2×, 1.6×, and 1.7× higher in EU-53 in comparison to the EU-28.CONCLUSIONS:EU-53 showed a 2% increase in incident strokes, while they remained stable in EU-28. Age-standardized rates were consistently lower for all-stroke burden parameters in EU-28 in comparison to EU-53, and huge discrepancies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-year rates were observed between individual countries.<br/

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV