Archiving and Digitization of Analog Video Formats: An Exemplary Description Based on the Video Collection of the Staatliche Modeschule Stuttgart

In den Archiven von Bildungseinrichtungen und Firmen haben sich im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte Videobestände gebildet, die aus den unterschiedlichsten analogen Formaten bestehen. Nun stellt sich bei vielen dieser Einrichtungen die Frage, was mit diesen Beständen geschehen soll. Das Problem bei analogen Videobändern ist, dass sie für die Langzeitarchivierung ungeeignet sind. Dies liegt zum einen daran, dass die Bänder vom chemischen und mechanischen Zerfall bedroht sind. Zum anderen sind viele dieser Formate bereits obsolet. Das bedeutet, dass die nötige Abspieltechnik bald nicht mehr erhältlich sein wird. Sollen Videoaufnahmen für die Zukunft erhalten bleiben, müssen diese deshalb schnellstmöglich gesichert werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit nimmt sich dieser Problematik an und soll betroffenen Institutionen als Leitfaden dienen. Hierzu werden die nötigen technischen Grundlagen erklärt und Lösungen für die Archivierung und Digitalisierung von Videokassetten exemplarisch anhand des Bestandes der Staatlichen Modeschule Stuttgart vorgestellt. Außerdem wird der Archivwert der vorliegenden Sammlung analysiert. Die hierbei verwendeten Kriterien können auch anderen Institutionen als Anhaltspunkt für die Einschätzung ihres eigenen Bestandes dienen.Over the last couple of decades, archives of educational institutions and companies have acquired video collections, consisting of a variety of analog formats. The question of what to do with collections like these arises for many of those institutions. The problem with analog video tapes is that they are not suited for long-term archiving. One reason is that they are susceptible to chemical degradation and mechanical damages. Another reason is that many of those formats have already become obsolete. This means that the necessary players are disappearing from the market. Securing those video recordings for the future is a matter of great urgency. This paper points out and discusses these problems and can act as a guideline for the institutions in question. Therefore, necessary technical basics will be explained, solutions for the archiving and digitization of video recordings will be presented, using the collection of the Staatliche Modeschule Stuttgart as an example. Furthermore, the cultural and historical value of the collection will be analysed. Criteria used here can serve other institutions as reference for the assessment of their own collections

Virtuelle Ausstellungen aus der WLB

Der Beitrag stellt die Möglichkeiten von Virtuellen Ausstellungen im Rahmen des Services"DDBstudio" der Digitalen Deutschen Bibliothek vor. Als Beispiele werden Ausstellungen der BfZ ("!918: Zwischen Weltkrieg und Revolution"), des Stefan George Archivs ("Rosen und Disteln. Geburtstagsbriefe an George") und des Hölderlin-Archivs ("Aufbrüche - Abbrüche. 250 Jahre Friedrich Hölderlin") beschrieben

Vertical Scanning Interferometry for Label-Free Detection of Peptide-Antibody Interactions

Peptide microarrays are a fast-developing field enabling the mapping of linear epitopes in the immune response to vaccinations or diseases and high throughput studying of protein-protein interactions. In this respect, a rapid label-free measurement of protein layer topographies in the array format is of great interest but is also a great challenge due to the extremely low aspect ratios of the peptide spots. We have demonstrated the potential of vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) for a detailed morphological analysis of peptide arrays and binding antibodies. The VSI technique is shown to scan an array area of 5.1 square millimeters within 3–4 min at a resolution of 1.4 μm lateral and 0.1 nm vertical in the full automation mode. Topographies obtained by VSI do match the one obtained by AFM measurements, demonstrating the accuracy of the technique. A detailed topology of peptide-antibody layers on single spots was measured. Two different measurement regions are distinguished according to the antibody concentration. In the case of weakly diluted serum, the thickness of the antibody layer is independent of the serum dilution and corresponds to the physical thickness of the accumulated antibody layer. In strongly diluted serum, the thickness measured via VSI is linearly proportional to the serum dilution

Integration der Maker Education in die Lehramtsausbildung – das Digitallabor der Universität Osnabrück

Der folgende Beitrag stellt das Konzept eines universitätsweiten Digitallabors der Universität Osnabrück vor, das in seinem Aufbau an Makerspaces und Fablabs angelehnt ist, insbesondere Lehramtsstudierende bei der Entwicklung von Digitalkompetenz fördert und Impulse für die Verwirklichung innovativer Lehr- und Lernsettings liefert. Es handelt sich um einen offenen Lernort mit mehreren Räumen für selbstorganisiertes Lernen, z. B. einem Maschinenpark sowie Podcast- und Videostudios. Da in Bezug auf Kompetenzentwicklungsmodelle, die die Anbahnung von Digitalkompetenz bei angehenden Lehrer:innen modellieren, eine Forschungslücke besteht, werden derzeit auf Basis von DigComp und DigCompEdu curriculare und extracurriculare Angebote im Digitallabor konzipiert, die der Zielgruppe den intrinsisch motivierten Zugang und das Entwickeln eines sich durch Digitalkompetenz auszeichnenden Profils ermöglichen sollen. Parallel zum Lernen vor Ort vermitteln praxisvorbereitende extracurriculare Online-Selbstlernmodule grundlegendes Technikwissen, wie am Beispiel des 3D-Drucks gezeigt wird. Der curriculare Ansatz basiert auf einem didaktischen Methodenmix inkl. eines E-Portfolios. Die Lernbegleiter:innen schaffen in Anlehnung an das Cognitive Apprenticeship-Modell einen geeigneten Rahmen, um authentische Probleme mit Lebensweltbezug im Sinne situierten Lernens abzubilden und intrinsische Motivation zu erzeugen. Ziel des Digitallabors ist es, so die Anbahnung von Digitalkompetenz in die Erfahrungswelt der Lernenden zu implementieren und Transferprozesse für spätere Herausforderungen anzustossen

How nanoporous silicon-polypyrrole hybrids flex their muscles in aqueous electrolytes: In operando high-resolution x-ray diffraction and electron tomography-based micromechanical computer simulations

Macroscopic strain experiments revealed that Si crystals traversed by parallel, channel-like nanopores functionalized with the muscle polymer polypyrrole exhibit large and reversible electrochemo-mechanical actuation in aqueous electrolytes. On the microscopical level this system still bears open questions, as to how the electrochemical expansion and contraction of PPy acts on to np-Si pore walls and how the collective motorics of the pore array emerges from the single-nanopore behavior. An analysis of in operando X-ray diffraction experiments with micromechanical finite element simulations, based on a 3D reconstruction of the nanoporous medium by TEM tomography, shows that the in-plane mechanical response is dominantly isotropic despite the anisotropic elasticity of the single crystalline host matrix. However, the structural anisotropy originating from the parallel alignment of the nanopores lead to significant differences between the in- and out-of-plane electromechanical response. This response is not describable by a simple 2D arrangement of parallel cylindrical channels. Rather, the simulations highlight that the dendritic shape of the Si pore walls, including pore connections between the main channels, cause complex, inhomogeneous stress-strain fields in the crystalline host. Time-dependent X-ray scattering on the dynamics of the actuator properties hint towards the importance of diffusion limitations, plastic deformation and creep in the nanoconfined polymer upon (counter-)ion adsorption and desorption, the very pore-scale processes causing the macroscopic electroactuation. From a more general perspective, our study demonstrates that the combination of TEM tomography-based micromechanical modeling with high-resolution X-ray scattering experiments provides a powerful approach for in operando analysis of nanoporous composites from the single-nanopore up to the porous-medium scale.Comment: Supplementary see ancillary file. 20 pages, 11 figure

Förderung von Kursverständnis, Fokus, Organisation und Motivation bei internationalen Online-Studierenden in asynchronen Lernsettings

Im Rahmen eines DAAD-geförderten Pilotprojektes zur Öffnung eines Präsenz-Master-Studienganges für internationale Online-Masterstudierende wurden asynchrone digitale Lernsettings entwickelt. Insbesondere galt es, das Kursmaterial von vier Vorlesungen einheitlich in Online-Kursbausteinen als Stud.IP-Courseware umzusetzen. Mitte des Wintersemesters 2021/2022 wurde eine formative Evaluation dieser Kurse hinsichtlich der Aspekte Kursverständnis, Fokus, Organisation und Motivation durchgeführt. Es wurde untersucht, welche dieser entwickelten Bausteine nachhaltig in den laufenden Lehrbetrieb integriert werden können. Es lässt sich belegen, dass besonders Lernvideos, Quizze und Kapitelzusammenfassungen das Kursverständnis, die Organisation des Lernens und den Fokus stärken. Quizze und Kapitelzusammenfassungen wirken motivierend, während insbesondere asynchron online Studierende Erklärtexte und Material zur Exploration motivierend fanden. Der Artikel schließt mit Schlussfolgerungen für die Praxis der Digitalisierung weiterer Kurse für internationale Masterstudierende in asynchronen Lernszenarien. (DIPF/Orig.

Toward a second-person neuroscience

LS & BT : equal contributions (shared first-authorship)Peer reviewedPreprin

Solid-material-based Coupling Efficiency Analyzed with Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

The coupling behavior of a microparticle embedded amino acid active-ester into a Poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate-film, synthesized onto a silicon wafer by a grafting from approach, is characterized using dynamic time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to analyze the 3d distribution of the amino acids in the polymer film. Besides standard solid phase peptide synthesis, employing solubilized amino acids in a solvent, we used solid polymer microparticles, incorporating the amino acids. These microparticles were especially designed for a new technique to produce high-density combinatorial peptide microarrays: upon heating, the particles become viscous, which releases the embedded amino acids to diffuse and couple to the surface. In the scope of the development of this new particle-based application, ToF-SIMS is used to analyze a complex chemically modified polymer surface layer. Due to depth profile measurements, it is possible to investigate the particle-based coupling reaction not only on the surface, but also into the depth of the PEGMA film

The new political economy of higher education: between distributional conflicts and discursive stratification

The higher education sector has been undergoing a far-reaching institutional re-orientation during the past two decades. Many adjustments appear to have strengthened the role of competition in the governance of higher education, but the character of the sector?s emerging new political economy has frequently remained unclear. Serving as the introduction for the special issue, this article makes the case for a multidimensional strategy to probe higher education?s competitive transformation. In terms of conceptualizing the major empirical shifts, we argue for analyzing three core phenomena: varieties of academic capitalism, the discursive construction of inequality, and the transformation of hierarchies in competitive settings. With respect to theoretical tools, we emphasize the complementary contributions of institutional, class-oriented, and discourse analytical approaches. As this introduction elaborates and the contributions to the special issue demonstrate, critical dialog among different analytical traditions over the interpretation of change is crucial for improving established understandings. Arguably, it is essential for clarifying the respective roles of capitalist power and hierarchical rule in the construction of the sector?s new order

Astrophysical magnetic fields and nonlinear dynamo theory

The current understanding of astrophysical magnetic fields is reviewed, focusing on their generation and maintenance by turbulence. In the astrophysical context this generation is usually explained by a self-excited dynamo, which involves flows that can amplify a weak 'seed' magnetic field exponentially fast. Particular emphasis is placed on the nonlinear saturation of the dynamo. Analytic and numerical results are discussed both for small scale dynamos, which are completely isotropic, and for large scale dynamos, where some form of parity breaking is crucial. Central to the discussion of large scale dynamos is the so-called alpha effect which explains the generation of a mean field if the turbulence lacks mirror symmetry, i.e. if the flow has kinetic helicity. Large scale dynamos produce small scale helical fields as a waste product that quench the large scale dynamo and hence the alpha effect. With this in mind, the microscopic theory of the alpha effect is revisited in full detail and recent results for the loss of helical magnetic fields are reviewed.Comment: 285 pages, 72 figures, accepted by Phys. Re