3,072 research outputs found
Spatial-temporal forecasting the sunspot diagram
We attempt to forecast the Sun's sunspot butterfly diagram in both space
(i.e. in latitude) and time, instead of the usual one-dimensional time series
forecasts prevalent in the scientific literature. We use a prediction method
based on the non-linear embedding of data series in high dimensions. We use
this method to forecast both in latitude (space) and in time, using a full
spatial-temporal series of the sunspot diagram from 1874 to 2015. The analysis
of the results shows that it is indeed possible to reconstruct the overall
shape and amplitude of the spatial-temporal pattern of sunspots, but that the
method in its current form does not have real predictive power. We also apply a
metric called structural similarity to compare the forecasted and the observed
butterfly cycles, showing that this metric can be a useful addition to the
usual root mean square error metric when analysing the efficiency of different
prediction methods
Dynamo models and differential rotation in late-type rapidly rotating stars
Increasing evidence is becoming available about not only the surface
differential rotation of rapidly rotating cool stars but, in a small number of
cases, also about temporal variations, which possibly are analogous to the
solar torsional oscillations. Given the present difficulties in resolving the
precise nature of such variations, due to both the short length and poor
resolution of the available data, theoretical input is vital to help assess the
modes of behaviour that might be expected, and will facilitate interpretation
of the observations. Here we take a first step in this direction by studying
the variations in the convection zones of such stars, using a two dimensional
axisymmetric mean field dynamo model operating in a spherical shell in which
the only nonlinearity is the action of the azimuthal component of the Lorentz
force of the dynamo generated magnetic field on the stellar angular velocity.
We consider three families of models with different depths of dynamo-active
regions. For moderately supercritical dynamo numbers we find torsional
oscillations that penetrate all the way down to the bottom of the convection
zones, similar to the case of the Sun. For larger dynamo numbers we find
fragmentation in some cases and sometimes there are other dynamical modes of
behaviour, including quasi-periodicity and chaos. We find that the largest
deviations in the angular velocity distribution caused by the Lorentz force are
of the order of few percent, implying that the original assumed `background'
rotation field is not strongly distorted.Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics, in pres
The influence of noise on scalings for in-out intermittency
We study the effects of noise on a recently discovered form of intermittency,
referred to as in-out intermittency. This type of intermittency, which reduces
to on-off in systems with a skew product structure, has been found in the
dynamics of maps, ODE and PDE simulations that have symmetries. It shows itself
in the form of trajectories that spend a long time near a symmetric state
interspersed with short bursts away from symmetry. In contrast to on-off
intermittency, there are clearly distinct mechanisms of approach towards and
away from the symmetric state, and this needs to be taken into account in order
to properly model the long time statistics. We do this by using a
diffusion-type equation with delay integral boundary condition. This model is
validated by considering the statistics of a two-dimensional map with and
without the addition of noise.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review E, also available at
http://www.eurico.web.co
Time-varying capital requirements in a general equilibrium model of liquidity dependence
This paper attempts to quantify business cycle effects of bank capital requirements. The authors use a general equilibrium model in which financing of capital goods production is subject to an agency problem. At the center of this problem is the interaction between entrepreneurs' moral hazard and liquidity provision by banks as analyzed by Holmstrom and Tirole (1998). They impose capital requirements on banks and calibrate the regulation using the Basel II risk-weight formula. Comparing business cycle properties of the model under this procyclical regulation with those under hypothetical countercyclical regulation, the authors find that output volatility is about 25 percent larger under procyclical regulation and that this volatility difference implies a 1.7 percent reduction of the household's welfare. Even with more conservative parameter choices, the volatility and welfare differences under the two regimes remain nonnegligible.Bank capital ; Business cycles ; Bank reserves
Price-Level versus Inflation Targeting with Financial Market Imperfections
This paper compares price-level-path targeting (PT) with inflation targeting (IT) in a sticky-price, dynamic, general equilibrium model augmented with imperfections in both the debt and equity markets. Using a Bayesian approach, we estimate this model for the Canadian economy. We show that the model with both debt and equity market imperfections fits the data better and use it to compare PT versus the estimated current IT regime. We find that in general PT outperforms the current IT regime. However, the gain is lower when financial market imperfections are taken into account.Monetary policy framework; Inflation targets; Economic models
Private equity premium in a general equilibrium model of uninsurable investment risk
This paper studies the quantitative properties of a general equilibrium model where a continuum of heterogeneous entrepreneurs are subject to aggregate as well as idiosyncratic risks in the presence of a borrowing constraint. The calibrated model matches the highly skewed wealth and income distributions of entrepreneurs. The authors provide an accurate solution to the model despite the significant nonlinearities that are absent in the economy with uninsurable labor income risk. The model is capable of generating the average private equity premium of roughly 3 percent and a low risk-free rate. The model also produces procyclicality of the risk-free rate and countercyclicality of the average private equity premium. The countercyclicality of the average equity premium is largely driven by tightening (loosening) of financing constraints during recessions (booms).Risk ; Private equity ; Business cycles
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