Die ökonomische und soziale Situation türkischstämmiger Unternehmer in NRW - Kooperationen mit türkischstämmigen Unternehmen am Beispiel der Industrie- und Handelskammern in NRW

In den Sozialwissenschaften fand die Frage nach der strukturellen Integration von selbständigen Migranten bislang wenig Beachtung. Dies ist umso erstaunlicher,als von Seiten mehrheitsgesellschaftlicher Institutionen und Verbände immer wieder die Frage gestellt wurde, warum selbständige Migranten bestehende institutionelle Netzwerke, wie bspw. Industrie- und Handelskammer (IHK)oder andere Wirtschaftsorganisationen, kaum oder nur gering in Anspruch nehmen. Insbesondere türkischstämmige Selbständige üben ihre Mitgliedschaft überwiegend „passiv“ aus und nehmen Dienstleistungen resp. Beratungs- und Qualifizierungsangebote nur in geringem Maße in Anspruch. Dieses in der Empirie und der Praxiserfahrung festzustellende Missverhältnis zwischen wirtschaftlicher Aktivität und Organisationsgrad der ökonomischen wie politischen Interessenvertretung bildet den Ausgangspunkt für die vorgelegte Dissertation. Am Beispiel der türkischstämmigen Selbstständigen wurde der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit es sich um eine bislang ausgebliebene bzw. noch nicht vollendete strukturelle Integration dieser Zielgruppe handelt. Es wurde eine Antwort auf die Frage gesucht, ob die mehrheitsgesellschaftlichen Strukturen dieser Zielgruppe bekannt sind bzw. deren Besonderheiten berücksichtigt werden und ob dieses einen Einfluss darauf hat, dass sie als Kunden kaum oder wenig in Erscheinung treten. Es wurde analysiert, inwieweit dieser Umstand auf einen Mangel an Informationen bei dieser Zielgruppe zurückzuführen ist oder ob gar eigene Netzwerke entstanden sind, die die entsprechenden Funktionen übernehmen. Eigene Beobachtungen und Erfahrungen lassen erkennen, dass bei der Einbindung von Migranten in die institutionelle Struktur der Mehrheitsgesellschaft die Mittler eine positive Rolle oder sogar eine Schlüsselrolle spielen können. Hierbei spielt das Vertrauen eine zentrale Rolle. Es wurde untersucht, welche Art von Vertrauen für die Zusammenarbeit mit türkischstämmigen Selbstständigen von Bedeutung ist und wer der Ansprechpartner sein kann. Um den formulierten Anspruch einzulösen, werden der Arbeit folgende Untersuchungsschritte zugrunde gelegt. Zunächst werden im Kapitel 2 die theoretischen Ansätze erörtert, die für eine Untersuchung der Selbstständigkeit von Migranten herangezogen werden können. Hierauf aufbauend wird eine Übersicht erarbeitet, welche es erlaubt, die migrationsspezifischen Besonderheiten als Rahmenbedingungen für die ökonomische Integration darzustellen und zu analysieren. Das darauf folgende Kapitel richtet seinen Fokus auf die institutionelle Struktur und die Organisationsstruktur als Bezugsrahmen für die in ihnen wirkenden Akteure im Wirtschaftsleben. Aufbauend auf dieser Grundlage wurde das Forschungsdesign entwickelt. Eine wichtige Grundlage für empirische Daten bildete die konkrete Projektarbeit,die im Auftrag der Industrie- und Handelkammern in Nordrhein-Westfalen von 2002 bis 2003 im Rahmen des „FATIMA“-Projektes1 durchgeführt wurde. Ein weiterer zentraler Untersuchungsschritt war die Gewinnung quantitativer und qualitativer Daten im Rahmen zweier Erhebungen (Befragung türkischstämmiger Selbstständiger). Mithilfe einer telefonischen Befragung wurden sowohl soziodemographische als auch Daten zur sozialen, wirtschaftlichen Situation, zur Erfassung bestehender und genutzter Netzwerke, zur Bedeutung von persönlichem und institutionellem Vertrauen sowie zur Bedeutung der Religion erhoben. Die Datenaufbereitung bzw. -analyse erfolgte durch die Nutzbarmachung uni- und bivariater Analyse. Durch die Verbindung der theoretisch und empirisch gewonnenen Ergebnisse konnten abschließend nicht nur themenspezifische Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet, sondern auch gewichtige zukünftige Forschungs- und Entwicklungsfelder identifiziert werden. 1 Fachkräftequalifizierung von Akademikern Türkischer Herkunft in NRW – Integration als Mittel zur Außenwirtschaftsförderun

ÜMMÎ ÎSÂ’NIN MİHR Ü VEFÂ MESNEVİSİNDE YENİDEN DİRİLME MOTİFİ VE HIZIR

The Masnavi of Mihr u Vefâ, the work of Ummî Îsâ, was written in hijri 774 (1372-73). Mihr ü Vefâ masnavi, which is a work of love and adventure, is almost completely decorated with fairy tale motifs and elements. According to the plot of Mihr ü Vefâ masnavi, when a sultan named Filekavs in Anatolia passed away, his inheritance was divided among his three sons. The little prince Vefâ leaves the country when he finishes his gold. The fortune teller he consulted to, says that he will find a treasure with forty rooms and a beautiful girl. Vefâ finds Mihr and the treasure with forty rooms. But when he secretly opens the forbidden fortieth room, the wind blows one of the shirts of the talking trees off, then disasters begin. In this article, the resurrection motif of Mihr u Vefâ masnavi that is decorated with fairy tale motifs, the elements of resurrection and the contribution of Khidr on this subject, was examined. The resurrection motif is seen in two places in the story. Firstly, the leaves of the trees of the forbidden garden resurrect dead people. Secondly Khidr resurrect the main character. Khidr, who came to the aid of people in difficult situations and saved them from trouble, is seen in two places. Firstly, Khidr rescues Mihr and her nanny that were kidnapped by the enemies. Secondly, the witch who was sent to bring the owner of the shirt, comes to the palace of lovers and kills Vefâ by cutting her throat and takes Mihr and brings her to the sultan. The middle prince, comes to his palace and screams when he learns that his brother has been killed. At that time Khidr suddenly appears. Thanks to Khidr’s pray to Allah, Vefâ is resurrected

Magnetic resonance imaging of the quadriceps fat pad oedema pattern in relation to patellofemoral joint pathologies

Purpose: Quadriceps fat pad is located posterior to the quadriceps tendon. Increased signal intensity of this fat pad is seen on routine knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, but the exact mechanism and related pathologies are not clear. In this study we aimed to evaluate the relationship between MRI signal intensity and morphological features of quadriceps fat pad, as well as various pathologies of the patellofemoral joint. Material and methods: Sixty-one knees with quadriceps fat pad oedema out of 457 knee MRI examinations were included. Quadriceps fat pad signal intensity, dimensions, posterior indentation, and various parameters related to patellofemoral joint such as trochlear facet asymmetry, trochlear depth and sulcus angle, and the Insall-Salvati ratio were evaluated. Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between quadriceps fat pad oedema intensity and its dimensions, but it was significant when compared to posterior indentation. There was no correlation between fat pad oedema and each of the pathologies. However, there was a significant correlation between the presence of fat pad oedema and the presence of at least one of the pathologies related to patellofemoral joint. Conclusions: Quadriceps fat pad oedema detected in MRI examinations should warn the radiologist against the presence of various pathologies related to the patellofemoral joint

Protein Patterns and Plasmid Profiles of the Bacterial Strains Isolated from a Poultry Slaughterhouse in Ankara, Turkey

A total of 65 identified isolates of coliform bacteria Salmonella, including Campylobacter and Staphylococcus isolated from different control points of a poultry slaughterhouse in Ankara, Turkey were characterized by morphological, biochemical and physiological tests including API 10 S system, and by plasmid profiles on agarose gel electrophoresis and whole-cell protein patterns on SDS-PAGE. Plasmids were detected in 53.8 % of the isolates. The molecular mass of the plasmids was within the range from 0.66 to 12.66 mDa. Electrophoretic banding patterns showed that whole cell protein profiles differed in several protein bands in Salmonella, Campylobacter and Staphylococcus species, but the differences were insufficient for reliable differentiation of bacteria species by SDS-PAGE method

Assembly line balancing by using axiomatic design principles: An application from cooler manufacturing industry

[EN] The philosophy of production without waste is the fundamental belief behind lean manufacturing that should be adopted by enterprises. One of the waste elimination methods is assembly line balancing for lean manufacturing, i.e. Yamazumi. The assembly line balancing is to assign tasks to the workstations by minimizing the number of workstations to the required values. There should be no workstation with the excessively high or low workload, and all workstations must ideally work with balanced workloads. Accordingly, in this study, the axiomatic design method is applied for assembly line balancing in order to achieve maximum output with the installed capacity. In order to achieve this aim, all improvement opportunities are defined and utilized as an output of the study. Computational results indicate that the proposed method is effective to reduce operators’ idle time by 12%, imbalance workload between workstations by 38%, and the total number of workers by 12%. As a result of these improYilmaz, ÖF.; Demirel, ÖF.; Zaim, S.; Sevim, S. (2020). Assembly line balancing by using axiomatic design principles: An application from cooler manufacturing industry. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering. 8(1):31-43. https://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2020.11953OJS314381Ağpak, K , Gökçen, H , Saray, N , Özel, S . (2013). Stokastik Görev Zamanlı Tek Modelli U Tipi Montaj Hattı Dengeleme Problemleri İçin Bir Sezgisel. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi , 17 (4). Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gazimmfd/issue/6654/89311Alcorta, L. (1999). Flexible automation and location of production in developing countries. The European Journal of Development Research, 11(1), 147-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578819908426731Babic, B. (1999). Axiomatic design of flexible manufacturing systems. International Journal of Production Research, 37(5), 1159-1173. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075499191454Black, J. T., Schroer, B. J. (1988). Decouplers in integrated cellular manufacturing systems. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 110(1), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3187846Cakir, B. (2006). A simulation Annealing Algoirthm for Stochastic Process Time based Assembly Line Balancing, M.S. Thesis, Gazi University.Celek, O. E., Yurdakul, M., Ic, T. (2019). Axiomatic Design of a Reconfigurable Assembly System for Aircraft Fuselages (No. 2019-01-1359). SAE Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1359Cevikcan, E., Durmusoglu, M. B. (2011). Minimising utility work and utility worker transfers for a mixed-model assembly line. International Journal of Production Research, 49(24), 7293-7314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2010.537385Chen, S. J. G., Chen, L. C., Lin, L. (2001). Knowledge-based support for simulation analysis of manufacturing cells. Computers in Industry, 44(1), 33-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3615(00)00071-3Chakraborty, K., Mondal, S., Mukherjee, K. (2017). Analysis of product design characteristics for remanufacturing using Fuzzy AHP and Axiomatic Design. Journal of Engineering Design, 28(5), 338-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2017.1316014Cochran, D. S., Eversheim, W., Kubin, G., Sesterhenn, M. L. (2000). The application of axiomatic design and lean management principles in the scope of production system segmentation. International Journal of Production Research,38(6), 1377-1396. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075400188906Dolgui, A., Ihnatsenka, I. (2009). Branch and bound algorithm for a transfer line design problem: Stations with sequentially activated multi-spindle heads.European Journal of Operational Research, 197(3), 1119-1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.03.028Durmusoglu, M. B., Satoglu, S. I. (2011). Axiomatic design of hybrid manufacturing systems in erratic demand conditions. International Journal of Production Research, 49(17), 5231-5261. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2010.510487Ertay, T., Satoğlu, S. I. (2012). System parameter selection with information axiom for the new product introduction to the hybrid manufacturing systems under dual-resource constraint. International Journal of Production Research, 50(7), 1825-1839. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.560205Ghosh, S., Gagnon, R. J. (1989). A comprehensive literature review and analysis of the design, balancing and scheduling of assembly systems. The International Journal of Production Research, 27(4), 637-670. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207548908942574Graves, S. C., Lamar, B. W. (1983). An integer programming procedure for assembly system design problems. Operations Research, 31(3), 522-545. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.31.3.522Gunasekera, J. S., Ali, A. F. (1995). A three-step approach to designing a metal-forming process. JOM, 47(6), 22-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03221198Guschinskaya, O., Dolgui, A., Guschinsky, N., Levin, G. (2008). A heuristic multi-start decomposition approach for optimal design of serial machining lines. European Journal of Operational Research, 189(3), 902-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.03.072Hager, T., Wafik, H., Faouzi, M. (2017). Manufacturing system design based on axiomatic design: Case of assembly line. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 10(1), 111-139. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.728Han, W. M., Zhao, J. L., Chen, Y. (2013). A Virtual Cellular Manufacturing System Design Model Based on Axiomatic Design Theory. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 271, pp. 1478-1484). Trans Tech Publications. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.271-272.1478Holzner, P., Rauch, E., Spena, P. R., Matt, D. T. (2015). Systematic Design of SME Manufacturing and Assembly Systems Based on Axiomatic Design.Procedia CIRP, 34, 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.010Houshmand, M., Jamshidnezhad, B. (2002). Conceptual design of lean production systems through an axiomatic approach. In Proceedings of ICAD2002 Second International Conference on Axiomatic Design.Houshmand, M., Jamshidnezhad, B. (2004). A lean manufacturing roadmap for an automotive body assembly line within axiomatic design framework. International Journal of Engineering Transactions, 17(1), 51-72.Houshmand, M., Jamshidnezhad, B. (2006). An extended model of design process of lean production systems by means of process variables. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 22(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2005.01.004Khandekar, A. V., Chakraborty, S. (2016). Application of fuzzy axiomatic design principles for selection of non-traditional machining processes. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 83(1-4), 529-543.Kulak, O., Durmusoglu, M. B., Tufekci, S. (2005). A complete cellular manufacturing system design methodology based on axiomatic design principles. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 48(4), 765-787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2004.12.006Lipson, H., Suh, N. P. (2000). Towards a universal knowledge database for design automation. In Proceeding of ICAD2000, First International Conference on Axiomatic Design, pg (Vol. 250258, pp. 21-23).Matt, D. T. (2008). Template based production system design. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 19(7), 783-797. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410380810898741Matt, D. T. (2012). Application of Axiomatic Design principles to control complexity dynamics in a mixed-model assembly system: a case analysis.International Journal of Production Research, 50(7), 1850-1861. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.565086Matt, D. T. (2013). Design of a scalable assembly system for product variety: a case study. Assembly Automation, 33(2), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1108/01445151311306627McMullen, P. R., Frazier, G. V. (1998). Using simulated annealing to solve a multiobjective assembly line balancing problem with parallel workstations. International Journal of Production Research, 36(10), 2717-2741. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075498192454Nakao, M., Kobayashi, N., Hamada, K., Totsuka, T., Yamada, S. (2007). Decoupling executions in navigating manufacturing processes for shortening lead time and its implementation to an unmanned machine shop. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 56(1), 171-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2007.05.041Nordlund, M., Tate, D., Suh, N. P. (1996). Growth of axiomatic design through industrial practice. In 3rd CIRP Workshop on Design and the Implementation of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, Tokyo, Japan (Vol. 6, pp. 77-84).Rauch, E., Spena, P. R., Matt, D. T. (2019). Axiomatic design guidelines for the design of flexible and agile manufacturing and assembly systems for SMEs. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 13(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-018-0460-1Reynal, V. A., Cochran, D. S. (1996). Understanding lean manufacturing according to axiomatic design principles.Suh, N. P. (1990). The principles of design (Vol. 990). New York: Oxford University Press.Suh, N. P. (1995). Designing-in of quality through axiomatic design. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 44(2), 256-264. https://doi.org/10.1109/24.387380Suh, N. P. (1997). Design of systems. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,46(1), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60779-3Suh, N. P. (2001). Axiomatic Design: Advances and Applications (The Oxford Series on Advanced Manufacturing).Vinodh, S., Aravindraj, S. (2012). Axiomatic modeling of lean manufacturing system. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 10(2), 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1108/17260531211241185Yilmaz, O. F., Cevikcan, E., Durmusoglu, M. B. (2016). Scheduling batches in multi hybrid cell manufacturing system considering worker resources: A case study from pipeline industry. Advances in Production Engineering & Management, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.14743/apem2016.3.22

Protein Patterns and Plasmid Profiles of the Bacterial Strains Isolated from a Poultry Slaughterhouse in Ankara, Turkey

A total of 65 identified isolates of coliform bacteria Salmonella, including Campylobacter and Staphylococcus isolated from different control points of a poultry slaughterhouse in Ankara, Turkey were characterized by morphological, biochemical and physiological tests including API 10 S system, and by plasmid profiles on agarose gel electrophoresis and whole-cell protein patterns on SDS-PAGE. Plasmids were detected in 53.8 % of the isolates. The molecular mass of the plasmids was within the range from 0.66 to 12.66 mDa. Electrophoretic banding patterns showed that whole cell protein profiles differed in several protein bands in Salmonella, Campylobacter and Staphylococcus species, but the differences were insufficient for reliable differentiation of bacteria species by SDS-PAGE method

Effect of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Application on the Viability of Fibroblasts on a CAD-CAM Feldspathic Ceramic before and after Thermocycling.

Potassium aluminum sulfate (alum) is a known adjuvant, which has been used as a mordant in textile industry for color fixation. This material has potential to be incorporated into dentistry for color stability, yet its toxicity first needs to be evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of potassium aluminum sulfate (alum) on fibroblasts when applied onto feldspathic ceramic before and after thermocycling. Forty-eight feldspathic ceramic specimens were divided into four groups (FC: no alum application or thermocycling; FCT: thermocycling without alum application; FA: alum application without thermocycling; FAT: alum application and thermocycling) (n = 12). Cell viability was assessed by using a tetrazolium salt 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphnyltetrazolium bromide assay at 24 and 72 h, and cell cultures without any ceramic specimens served as control (C). One sample from each material group was further analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Cell viability at different time intervals within each group was analyzed with Friedman tests, while Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the test groups within each time interval. Pairwise comparisons were further resolved by using Wilcoxon tests (a = 0.05). C had lower (p = 0.01) and FA had higher (p = 0.019) cell viability after 72 h. After 24 h, the highest cell viability was observed in C (p ≤ 0.036). After 72 h, the differences between C and FA, C and FAT, FC and FA, and FCT and FAT were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Cell viability was not affected by alum application or thermocycling at any time interval (p ≥ 0.631). EDX analysis showed an increase in potassium concentration in FA and FAT when compared with FC and FCT. Regardless of the time interval, alum application onto feldspathic ceramic and thermocycling did not influence the cell viability

Measuring myocardial extracellular volume of the right ventricle in patients with congenital heart disease

The right ventricle ' s (RV) characteristics-thin walls and trabeculation-make it challenging to evaluate extracellular volume (ECV). We aimed to assess the feasibility of RV ECV measurements in congenital heart disease (CHD), and to introduce a novel ECV analysis tool. Patients (n=39) and healthy controls (n=17) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance T1 mapping in midventricular short axis (SAX) and transverse orientation (TRANS). Regions of interest (ROIs) were evaluated with regard to image quality and maximum RV wall thickness per ROI in pixels. ECV from plane ROIs was compared with values obtained with a custom-made tool that derives the mean T1 values from a "line of interest" (LOI) centered in the RV wall. In CHD, average image quality was good (no artifacts in the RV, good contrast between blood/myocardium), and RV wall thickness was 1-2 pixels. RV ECV was not quantifiable in 4/39 patients due to insufficient contrast or wall thickness= 1 pixel. T1 maps in SAX are recommended for RV ECV analysis. LOI application simplifies RV ECV measurements

Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Turkish adult population epidemiology of sleep study

Sleep disorders constitute an important public health problem. Prevalence of sleep disorders in Turkish adult population was investigated in a nationwide representative sample of 5021 Turkish adults (2598 women and 2423 men, response rate: 91%) by an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Insomnia was defined by the DSM‐IV criteria, habitual snoring and risk for sleep‐related breathing disorders (SDB) by the Berlin questionnaire, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) by the Epworth sleepiness scale score, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) by the complaints according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria. Mean age of the participants was 40.7 ± 15.1 (range 18 to 90) years. Prevalence rates (men/women) were insomnia 15.3% (10.5%/20.2%; P < 0.001), high probability of SDB 13.7% (11.1%/20.2%; P < 0.001), EDS 5.4% (5.0%/5.7%; P: 0.09), RLS 5.2% (3.0%/7.3%; P < 0.001). Aging and female gender were associated with higher prevalence of sleep disorders except for habitual snoring. Prevalence rates of the sleep disorders among Turkish adults based on the widely used questionnaires were close to the lower end of the previous estimates reported from different parts of the world. These findings would help for the assessment of the health burden of sleep disorders and addressing the risk groups for planning and implementation of health care

Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Energy Storage

Since the first report of using micromechanical cleavage method to produce graphene sheets in 2004, graphene/graphene-based nanocomposites have attracted wide attention both for fundamental aspects as well as applications in advanced energy storage and conversion systems. In comparison to other materials, graphene-based nanostructured materials have unique 2D structure, high electronic mobility, exceptional electronic and thermal conductivities, excellent optical transmittance, good mechanical strength, and ultrahigh surface area. Therefore, they are considered as attractive materials for hydrogen (H2) storage and high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors, rechargeable lithium (Li)-ion batteries, Li–sulfur batteries, Li–air batteries, sodium (Na)-ion batteries, Na–air batteries, zinc (Zn)–air batteries, and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), etc., as they can improve the efficiency, capacity, gravimetric energy/power densities, and cycle life of these energy storage devices. In this article, recent progress reported on the synthesis and fabrication of graphene nanocomposite materials for applications in these aforementioned various energy storage systems is reviewed. Importantly, the prospects and future challenges in both scalable manufacturing and more energy storage-related applications are discussed