Plan prospectivo estrátegico 2012 de Napa -NTS : una visión prospectiva de la empresa NAPA NTS frente al TLC.

Tesis (Magíster en Administración de Empresas) -- Universidad del Norte. Programa de Maestría en Administración de Empresas, 2008.Teniendo en cuenta la permanente apertura de fronteras comerciales que se viene dando desde la década pasada, que ha llevado a la globalización de la economía, así como la gran dependencia de la empresa NAPA-NTS, de las relaciones comerciales binacionales entre Colombia Estados Unidos de América, por tener esta empresa el 85% de sus proveedores de repuestos originarios de ese país, se ha hecho necesario el análisis de los factores expuestos a cambios en la ecuación de negocios de NAPA-NTS, con la firma del tratado de libre comercio entre los dos países, mediante la realización de una prospectiva estratégica al año 2012. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es proponer un plan prospectivo para NAPA-NTS para el año 2012, mediante la metodología teórica para la construcción de prospectivas estratégicas y la utilización de los softwares MICMAC y MACTOR. El resultado obtenido en el proyecto fue el plan prospectivo de NAPA-NTS para el año 2012 con la suscripción del TLC entre Colombia y Estados Unidos de América, en el cual se consiguió la identificación de las variables claves del cambio, la descripción del eje estratégico de las variables claves del cambio, el Señalamiento de escenarios posibles prospectivos que puedan ser utilizados como la base del plan estratégico y la determinación de los actores claves que pueden generar un cambio en el nuevo ambiente de negocios de NAPA NTS con el TLC. Como conclusión del trabajo realizado, se determina la implementación de una estrategia de diferenciación, sobre la base de un producto de alta calidad apoyado sobre una cadena de distribución fortalecida y con territorios muy bien definidos y una estrategia de penetración del mercado consistente en incrementar la participación de la empresa con sus características de distribución comercial en los mercados en los que opera y con los productos actuales, es decir, en el desarrollo del negocio básico

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates.

Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth's surface

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Soilborne fungi have host affinity and host-specific effects on seed germination and survival in a lowland tropical forest

The Janzen-Connell (JC) hypothesis provides a conceptual framework for explaining the maintenance of tree diversity in tropical forests. Its central tenet-that recruits experience high mortality near conspecifics and at high densities-assumes a degree of host specialization in interactions between plants and natural enemies. Studies confirming JC effects have focused primarily on spatial distributions of seedlings and saplings, leaving major knowledge gaps regarding the fate of seeds in soil and the specificity of the soilborne fungi that are their most important antagonists. Here we use a common garden experiment in a lowland tropical forest in Panama to show that communities of seed-infecting fungi are structured predominantly by plant species, with only minor influences of factors such as local soil type, forest characteristics, or time in soil (1-12 months). Inoculation experiments confirmed that fungi affected seed viability and germination in a host-specific manner and that effects on seed viability preceded seedling emergence. Seeds are critical components of reproduction for tropical trees, and the factors influencing their persistence, survival, and germination shape the populations of seedlings and saplings on which current perspectives regarding forest dynamics are based. Together these findings bring seed dynamics to light in the context of the JC hypothesis, implicating them directly in the processes that have emerged as critical for diversity maintenance in species-rich tropical forests.NSF [DEB-1120205, DEB-1119758]; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at The University of Arizona; Simons Foundation [429440]No copyright information listed.This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Cien días vistos por CINEP (no. 59 Jun- Nov 2006). Tema: Uribe II ¿Más de lo mismo?

Edición No 59 de la revista Cien días vistos por CINEP. Análisis de reelección de Álvaro Uribe. Análisis de política, comunicación, luchas sociales, movilizaciones por la paz e indígenas de la Sierra Nevada.I. Editorial ¿Más de lo mismo? II. Política Evolución y cambio en las relaciones entre el gobierno Uribe y la clase política colombiana Uribe y los militares: de la aquiescensia a los falsos positivos II

Cien días vistos por CINEP (no. 59 Jun- Nov 2006). Tema: Uribe II ¿Más de lo mismo?

Edición No 59 de la revista Cien días vistos por CINEP. Análisis de reelección de Álvaro Uribe. Análisis de política, comunicación, luchas sociales, movilizaciones por la paz e indígenas de la Sierra Nevada.I. Editorial ¿Más de lo mismo? II. Política Evolución y cambio en las relaciones entre el gobierno Uribe y la clase política colombiana Uribe y los militares: de la aquiescensia a los falsos positivos II

Cien días vistos por CINEP (no. 58 ene-may 2006)

Edición No 58 de la revista Cien días vistos por CINEP en la que se analiza la coyuntura colombiana en materia de derechos humanos, luchas sociales, conflicto armado y política.I. Editorial La linterna de Diógenes II. Política. La reelección de Uribe ¿Más guerra o menos paz? El embrollo de la política. Lo regional y lo nacional en la contienda electoral. III. Movilización paz Protesta en las regiones contra la violencia y la inseguridad. Fortaleza de una debilidad. IV. Región Apatía y el proceso electoral en Chocó y la circunscripción especial de comunidades negras. Pacto de vida y mandato verde frente a los Cerros Orientales de Bogotá V. Movimientos sociales Luchas sociales de la memoria y la incertidumbre. Octubre 2005 - marzo 2006 VI. Derechos humanos La implacable lógica del conflicto armad

Unravelling the widening of the earliest Andean northern orogen: Maastrichtian to early Eocene intra-basinal deformation in the northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia

The onset of deformation in the northern Andes is overprinted by subsequent stages of basin deformation, complicating the examination of competing models illustrating potential location of earliest synorogenic basins and uplifts. To establish the width of the earliest northern Andean orogen, we carried out field mapping, palynological dating, sedimentary, stratigraphic and provenance analyses in Campanian to lower Eocene units exposed in the northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia (Cocuy region) and compare the results with coeval succession in adjacent basins. The onset of deformation is recorded in earliest Maastrichtian time, as terrigenous detritus arrived into the basin marking the end of chemical precipitation and the onset of clastic deposition produced by the uplift of a western source area dominated by shaly Cretaceous rocks. Disconformable contacts within the upper Maastrichtian to middle Palaeocene succession document increasing supply of quartzose sandy detritus from Cretaceous quartzose rocks exposed in eastern source areas. The continued unroofing of both source areas produced a rapid shift in depositional environments from shallow marine in Maastrichtian to fluvial-lacustrine systems during the Palaeocene-early Eocene. Supply of immature Jurassic sandstones from nearby western uplifts, together with localized plutonic and volcanic Cretaceous rocks, caused a shift in Palaeocene sandstones composition from quartzarenites to litharenites. Supply of detrital sandy fragments, unstable heavy minerals and Cretaceous to Ordovician detrital zircons, were derived from nearby uplifted blocks and from SW fluvial systems within the synorogenic basin, instead of distal basement rocks. The presence of volcanic rock fragments and 51–59 Ma volcanic zircons constrain magmatism within the basin. The Maastrichtian–Palaeocene sequence studied here documents crustal deformation that correlates with coeval deformation farther south in Ecuador and Peru. Slab flattening of the subducting Caribbean plate produced a wider orogen (>400 km) with a continental magmatic arc and intra-basinal deformation and magmatism. © 2020 International Association of Sedimentologists and European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers and John Wiley - Sons Lt