New World Hantavirus in Humans, French Guiana

International audienceNew World hantavirus in humans, French Guiana

Is Impact of Statin Therapy on All-Cause Mortality Different in HIV-Infected Individuals Compared to General Population? Results from the FHDH-ANRS CO4 Cohort

French Hospital Database on HIVInternational audienceBackgroundThe effect of statins on all-cause mortality in the general population has been estimated as 0.86 (95%CI 0.79-0.94) for primary prevention. Reported values in HIV-infected individuals have been discordant. We assessed the impact of statin-based primary prevention on all-cause mortality among HIV-infected individuals.MethodsPatients were selected among controls from a multicentre nested case-control study on the risk of myocardial infarction. Patients with prior cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disorders were not eligible. Potential confounders, including variables that were associated either with statin use and/or death occurrence and statin use were evaluated within the last 3 months prior to inclusion in the case-control study. Using an intention to continue approach, multiple imputation of missing data, Cox’s proportional hazard models or propensity based weighting, the impact of statins on the 7-year all-cause mortality was evaluated.ResultsAmong 1,776 HIV-infected individuals, 138 (8%) were statins users. During a median follow-up of 53 months, 76 deaths occurred, including 6 in statin users. Statin users had more cardiovascular risk factors and a lower CD4 T cell nadir than statin non-users. In univariable analysis, the death rate was higher in statins users (11% vs 7%, HR 1.22, 95%CI 0.53-2.82). The confounders accounted for were age, HIV transmission group, current CD4 T cell count, haemoglobin level, body mass index, smoking status, anti-HCV antibodies positivity, HBs antigen positivity, diabetes and hypertension. In the Cox multivariable model the estimated hazard ratio of statin on all-cause mortality was estimated as 0.86 (95%CI 0.34-2.19) and it was 0.83 (95%CI 0.51-1.35) using inverse probability treatment weights.ConclusionThe impact of statin for primary prevention appears similar in HIV-infected individuals and in the general population

Later cART Initiation in Migrant Men from Sub-Saharan Africa without Advanced HIV Disease in France

International audienceObjectiveTo compare the time from entry into care for HIV infection until combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation between migrants and non migrants in France, excluding late access to care.MethodsAntiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals newly enrolled in the FHDH cohort between 2002–2010, with CD4 cell counts >200/μL and no previous or current AIDS events were included. In three baseline CD4 cell count strata (200–349, 350-499, ≥500/μL), we examined the crude time until cART initiation within three years after enrolment according to geographic origin, and multivariable hazard ratios according to geographic origin, gender and HIV-transmission group, with adjustment for baseline age, enrolment period, region of care, plasma viral load, and HBV/HBC coinfection.ResultsAmong 13338 individuals, 9605 (72.1%) were French natives (FRA), 2873 (21.4%) were migrants from sub-Saharan Africa/non-French West Indies (SSA/NFW), and 860 (6.5%) were migrants from other countries. Kaplan-Meier probabilities of cART initiation were significantly lower in SSA/NFW than in FRA individuals throughout the study period, regardless of the baseline CD4 stratum. After adjustment, the likelihood of cART initiation was respectively 15% (95%CI, 1–28) and 20% (95%CI, 2–38) lower in SSA/NFW men than in FRA men who had sex with men (MSM) in the 350-499 and ≥500 CD4 strata, while no difference was observed between other migrant groups and FRA MSM.ConclusionSSA/NFW migrant men living in France with CD4 >350/μL at entry into care are more likely to begin cART later than FRA MSM, despite free access to treatment. Administrative delays in obtaining healthcare coverage do not appear to be responsible

LAS PUBLICACIONES DIGITALES DE CORPUS DE AUTORES - guía de trabajo, plantilla de análisis y recomendaciones - Traducido al español por Paloma Ortega Deballon, revisado por Amelia Del Rosario Sanz Cabrerizo y Fatiha Idmhand

Desde hace varios años el número de publicaciones digitales de fuentes textuales aumenta sin cesar. Son ya numerosos los textos que están disponibles en internet, ya sea de manera autónoma, o agrupados en forma de colecciones, bibliotecas y archivos. Los encargados de estos proyectos de digitalización, sean novatos o expertos, se plantean, en un momento u otro, cuáles son las mejores prácticas en materia de realización, publicación y preservación a largo plazo de las ediciones científicas digitales. ¿Cuáles son las normas y los estándares -emergentes o ya establecidos- que hay que respetar en el ámbito de la publicación digital? ¿Qué preguntas se han de plantear en cada etapa del proceso de realización y dónde encontrar las respuestas pertinentes? Fundada en la experiencia editorial de sus autores y en la observación de proyectos editoriales llevados a cabo en Europa y en el extranjero, así como en una reflexión colectiva en el marco del grupo EVENT del Consorcio CAHIER (HumaNum), esta guía pretende aportar una respuesta a estas cuestiones

Breeding for increased nitrogen-use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivum L.)

Nitrogen fertilizer is the most used nutrient source in modern agriculture and represents significant environmental and production costs. In the meantime, the demand for grain increases and production per area has to increase as new cultivated areas are scarce. In this context, breeding for an efficient use of nitrogen became a major objective. In wheat, nitrogen is required to maintain a photosynthetically active canopy ensuring grain yield and to produce grain storage proteins that are generally needed to maintain a high end-use quality. This review presents current knowledge of physiological, metabolic and genetic factors influencing nitrogen uptake and utilization in the context of different nitrogen management systems. This includes the role of root system and its interactions with microorganisms, nitrate assimilation and its relationship with photosynthesis as postanthesis remobilization and nitrogen partitioning. Regarding nitrogen-use efficiency complexity, several physiological avenues for increasing it were discussed and their phenotyping methods were reviewed. Phenotypic and molecular breeding strategies were also reviewed and discussed regarding nitrogen regimes and genetic diversity

Étude historique et critique sur les hôpitaux de Bordeaux

Thèse : Médecine : Université de Bordeaux : 1897N° d'ordre : 5