In vitro mass multiplication of pomegranate from cotyledonary nodal explants cv. Ganesh

For surface sterilization of explants, treatment involving HgCl2 (0.1 %) for 3 min gave better sterilization of cotyledonary nodal explants. The maximum percentage establishment of cotyledonary node explants was observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium + 1.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.5 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). However, MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l kinetin + 200 mg/l activated charcoal exhibited maximum multiplication rate for the first two subcultures. The maximum frequency of multiple shoots in cotyledonary explants (86.33 %) was observed on treatment MS + 1.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l kinetin + 200 mg/l activated charcoal. In vitro rooting of regenerated shoot was found in half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA + 200 mg/l activated charcoal, which recorded the maximum number of root/shoot (4.17) and root length (3.87 cm). In vitro grown plantlets having 5 to 6 cm length of shoot were transferred to vermicompost + soil (1:1v/v) media kept in net house, which showed better survival of plantlet (85.50%) within 11.75 days.Keywords: Establishment, multiplication, rooting, acclimatization, Punica granatumAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(20), pp. 2863-286

Effect of different factors on in vitro growth and shoot proliferation of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda

In the present experiment an attempt has been made to optimize the effect of different medium, levels of sucrose, pH, adenine sulphate and light intensity for culture establishment and shoot proliferation in guava using nodal segment explants. Culture establishment was greatly influenced by media types. Maximum establishment ofexplants (74.57%) was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l IBA. In proliferation study, the maximum shoot proliferation was observed in MS + 1 mg/l BAP + 0.25 mg/l GA3. Sucrose 3% was found to be more favorable for maximum proliferation and growth of shoots moreover, it was reduced gradually as increased or decreased levels of sucrose from 30 g/l. among the various pH levels tested, pH 5.5 recorded maximum number of shoots (8.08) and maximum length of shoots (3.75 cm).In proliferation medium the length of shoot, numbers of shoots and growth rate were increased as increased the adenine sulphate level in the medium. Maximum proliferation was observed on 160 mg/l adenine sulphate in the medium. High light intensity 3000 lux was found to be most suitable for proper growth of regenerated shoots. Low light intensity (1000 lux) resulted in stunted growth. All the above factors significantly influenced shoot multiplication and growth. Thus, optimization of these factors showed significantly increased number of shoots and rapid multiplication. This could be useful for the in vitro production of cost effective healthy planting material of guav

Right proximal sub-clavian artery pseudoaneurysm masquerading as right upperzone opacity of lung

Right proximal subclavian artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon conditions with a relatively small number of recorded instances to date. Such cases might be challenging to diagnose since the patient may have symptoms that are similar to those of other illnesses, including lung cancer. The diagnosis is aided by imaging methods including contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) chest and computed tomography angiography, as well as a high level of clinical suspicion. We present a rare case of a 23-year-old man with no history of lung disease or trauma, who had a complaints of change in voice, difficulty in swallowing and haemoptysis. Right-sided upper zone homogeneous opacity was seen on the chest X-ray. CECT revealed large, well-defined solid cystic areas that extended up to the posterosuperior aspect of the right upper thoracic region. Aneurysm rupture with active contrast leak. Pulmonary angiography revealed the presence of a pseudoaneurysm in the middle mediastinum on the right side, originating from the right proximal subclavian artery. The patient was operated on, and the right subclavian artery and innominate artery pseudoaneurysm were repaired. If subclavian artery pseudoaneurysms are large, they can cause compression symptoms. For compressive symptoms, open surgical resection and vascular reconstruction are required. In a patient with hemoptysis and opacities on chest imaging, arterial aneurysm should be considered as a differential diagnosis alongside lung mass. Before considering a biopsy from the lesion, further evaluation with CECT should be performed

Amidoalkyl Naphthols: Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) Catalyzed One-Pot, Multi-Component Synthesis

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was found as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols from aromatic aldehydes, β-naphthol and acetamide/benzamide under solvent free condition at 80o C. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectra. The advantages of the new method were good yields, short reaction times, simple work-up, inexpensive and easily available catalyst and economical due to absence of solvent. Therefore, this method could be an attractive alternative to existing methods for the synthesis of biologically important amidoalkyl naphthols

Immunization status of children in the age group 0-5 years in urban slum area of Pratiksha nagar, Sion, Mumbai

Background: In India, immunization services are being provided through existing healthcare delivery system. In spite of services being available, it is observed that many children are not immunized till date. This study was carried out with the aim to find the immunisation status of the children in the urban slum areas of Pratiksha nagar, Sion which is the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, K. J. Somaiya Medical College and Reasearch Centre. Objectives of the study was to assess the proportion of children fully immunized, to assess the proportion of children partially immunized, to assess the proportion of children not at all immunized and to explore the reasons for partial immunization.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study. This study was carried out in  urban slum areas of  Pratiksha nagar, in Sion  namely Almeda compound, Shastrinagar B wing, Panchsheel nagar which are  the field practice areas of Department of  Community Medicine located in F north ward of Mumbai city.Results: 148 (76.29%) children were fully immunized and 46 (23.71%) were partially immunized. Out of the 46 children who were partially immunized, 23.91% respondents reported that child was ill when immunisation was due, so they did not take the child to health care facility for immunisation, followed by the other common reason that family was out of town (17.39%).Conclusions: The study highlights the need for educating parents that minor illnesses are not a contraindication for immunisation and that the child may receive the vaccine due in any health centre when they are out of town so as to avoid delay between the doses therein not interrupting the immunisation schedule.

The Incidence of Root Canal Therapy after Full-Coverage Restorations: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Introduction The process of restoring a tooth with a crown leaves many opportunities for pulpal irritation. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to the incidence of nonsurgical root canal therapy (NS-RCT) after the delivery of single-unit full-coverage restorations. Methods Insurance claims from 88,409 crown placements in the Delta Dental of Wisconsin insurance database were analyzed from the years 2008–2017. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the effect of the predictor variables on the survival of the tooth. Untoward events were defined as NS-RCT, tooth extraction, retreatment of root canal, or apicoectomy as defined by the Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature. Results Of 88,409 crowns placed, 8.97% were complete metal, 41.40% were all ceramic, and 49.64% were porcelain fused to metal (PFM). The probability of survival of all teeth with crowns placed was 90.41% after 9 years. NS-RCT was the most common untoward event. PFM crowns exhibited a higher rate of untoward events than complete metal crowns and a lower rate than all-ceramic crowns. Crowns placed on individuals 50 years of age and younger had higher rates of untoward events than those placed on individuals ages 51 years and older. Conclusions The risk of endodontic treatment after the placement of crowns is low. This risk increases with the placement of all-ceramic or PFM crowns and as the age of the patient decreases

Serotyping and Phage Typing of Vibrio cholerae Isolated AtTertiary Care Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Cholera continues to be a growing concern in most developing countries. Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease endemic in India. Yet there are few reliable population-based estimates of laboratory-confirmed cholera in endemic areas around the world. The aim of this hospital-based study was to isolate and serogrouping of Vibrio cholerae in patients with diarrhea at tertiary care hospital, Ahmedabad during January 2021 to July 2022. Material & Methods: A retrospective study involving cases of acute watery diarrhea was done during January 2021 to July 2022. All stool samples from suspected cases were tested for Vibrio cholerae by standard microbiological procedures. Out of total 1294 stool samples Vibrio cholerae were isolated in 179 samples and sent to the NICED (National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases) for serotyping and phage typing. Results: In present study rate of isolates of V. cholerae was 13.83 % (179 out of 1294 cases). V. cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa (78.77%) belonging to phage type 27 (54.74%) was the most common in the cases of acute diarrhea in present study. Conclusion: The present study identified serotype Ogawa and phage type 27 as the most dominant type and was found continuous in circulation throughout the study period. Phage typing is still an internationally recognized method of choice for characterizing circulating strains. This knowledge will be helpful to design a novel strategy to manage future cholera outbreaks

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF PERINDOPRIL ERBUMINE USING NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANT

Oral disintegrating tablets are emerging trend in Novel drug delivery system & received increasing demand & popularity due to ease of administration & better patient compliance .In recent years superdisintegrant have been employed to develop  effectual mouth dissolving tablet & to overcome limitation of conventional tablets .In present study attempt was made to compare to disintegrating  efficiency of natural superdisintegrats .Main aim of using oscimum basilicum as natural superdisintegrant was to achieve quick onset of action ,increases water uptake with short wetting time & decreasing disintegration time  by cost effective direct compression method. 3 preliminary batches were prepared & these are evaluated for precompression parameter like angle of repose, carr`s index & post compression parameters like wetting time, water absorption ratio,in vitro disintegration. Hardness, friability of all formulations found within limit. Best formulation F2 batch had shown good hardness, friability, disintegration time, swelling time. Present study revealed that mucilage obtained from oscimum basilicum was effective for their disintegrating property

Innovative solutions to sticky situations: Antiadhesive strategies for treating bacterial infections

ABSTRACT Bacterial adherence to host tissue is an essential process in pathogenesis, necessary for invasion and colonization and often required for the efficient delivery of toxins and other bacterial effectors. As existing treatment options for common bacterial infections dwindle, we find ourselves rapidly approaching a tipping point in our confrontation with antibiotic-resistant strains and in desperate need of new treatment options. Bacterial strains defective in adherence are typically avirulent and unable to cause infection in animal models. The importance of this initial binding event in the pathogenic cascade highlights its potential as a novel therapeutic target. This article seeks to highlight a variety of strategies being employed to treat and prevent infection by targeting the mechanisms of bacterial adhesion. Advancements in this area include the development of novel antivirulence therapies using small molecules, vaccines, and peptides to target a variety of bacterial infections. These therapies target bacterial adhesion through a number of mechanisms, including inhibition of pathogen receptor biogenesis, competition-based strategies with receptor and adhesin analogs, and the inhibition of binding through neutralizing antibodies. While this article is not an exhaustive description of every advancement in the field, we hope it will highlight several promising examples of the therapeutic potential of antiadhesive strategies.</jats:p