Hernandez v. New York: Applying Batson to Peremptory Strikes of Bilinguals-Should Language Ability be a Surrogate for Race?

Justice White\u27s prophetic statement in Batson v. Kentucky\u27 that [m]uch litigation will be required to spell out the contours of the Court\u27s equal protection holding today ... . has been realized

Interaction between genotype and climates for Holstein milk production traits in Iran

This study was designed to investigate the interaction between genotype and climate for milk and fat production traits of Iranian Holstein dairy herds. Milk and fat production data were grouped in 5 climates, on the basis of Extended De Martonne method. (Co)Variance components and genetic parameters of first lactation records from 514 herds were estimated by DFREML procedure. Estimation of genetic parameters by univariate animal model showed that heritability of milk and fat yields were from 0.22 to 0.30 and 0.06 to 0.26, respectively; that proved by the results of multivariate model. Genetic correlations between different climates ranged from 0.66 to 1 for milk yield and 0.16 to 1 for fat yield, respectively. Calculated genetic correlation between milk production traits in 5 various climates of Iran showed that there is a significant interaction between humid climate with other climates for both milk and fat yield traits. Using Spearman and Rank correlation for estimation of correlation between bulls breading values, for two traits showed the significant genotype by environment interaction between humid climate and Meditrranean climate for milk yield and between humid climate and other climates for fat yield.Key words: Holstein, genetic correlation, breeding value, genotype by environment interaction

The study of distribution of Carcharhinus dussumieri and other dominant shark species in Bushehr and Hormozgan waters

This research is performed to determine the distribution of different species of sharks in the southern water or the country. According to figures and statistical evidences, the dominant species of sharks existing in Bushehr province waters, is Carcharhinus dussumieri which consists of total shark catch by 55%, and this amount is increased in greatly deep areas. The next dominant species is Chiloscyllium arabicum in this area. Regarding the results, it seems that in the Hormozgan province waters, the abundance of Carcharhinus dussumieri is more, within the east of Hormoz Strait to Charak Port, especially around Bandar Lengeh and its outskirts, which consists of large area and also in the western north of this area (Gavbandi), which makes up the number and weight of shark catch by 52% and 57%, respectively, through Bottom trawl method. There are other shark species which are in terms of abundance and being dominant as follows: Chiloscyllium arabicum, Rhizoprionodon acutus, Carcharhinus macloti, Paragaleus sp

Genetic Characterization and Bottleneck Demographic Assessment of Caspian Horse Population (KARAKTERISASI GENETIK DAN HAMBATAN DEMOGRAFI PADA PENILAIAN POPULASI KUDA KASPIA)

The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic characterization of the Caspian horse population using microsatellite markers. This study was determined the efficiency of microsatellite markers for conservation plans and breeding strategies in Caspian horse population. A total of 120 Caspian horse samples including 95 adults and 25 foals were genotyped by using seventeen microsatellite markers recommended by ISAG. The number of allele per locus varied from 5 (HMS01 and HTG07) to 9 (HTG10) with an average of 7.41. The observed heterozygosity and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.505-0.831 (mean 0.684), from 0.615-0.835 (mean 0.748) respectively. PIC value ranged from 0.716 (HMS01) to 0.834 (AHT04) with an average of 0.787. The total exclusion probability of 17 microsatellite loci was 0.9999. The low values of Wright’s fixation index/ Fis (0.084) indicated the low levels of inbreeding. A significant heterozygote excesses based on different models, suggested that Caspian horse population has decreased to low numbers in the past, but a bottleneck event is still  very striking, and its number has recently increased is not in mutation drift equilibrium. The present study contributes to our knowledge of the genetic diversity of the Caspian caspian horse population and helps to deûne its genetic conservation strategies

Loss of Y Chromosome in the Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheet Tumor of a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most commonly inherited autosomal dominant disorders. In order to determine whether genomic alterations and/or chromosomal aberrations involved in the malignant progression of NF1 were present in a Korean patient with NF1, molecular and cytogenetic analyses were performed on the pathologically normal, benign, and malignant tissues and primary cells cultured from those tissues of the patient. The comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array revealed a Y chromosome loss in the malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumor (MPNST) tissue. G-banding analysis of 50 metaphase cells showed normal chromosomal patterns in the histopathologically normal and benign cultured cells, but a mosaic Y chromosome loss in the malignant cells. The final karyotype for the malignant cells from MPNST tissue was 45,X,-Y[28]/46,XY[22]. The data suggest that the somatic Y chromosome loss may be involved in the transformation of benign tumors to MPNSTs