Chart of head length of pouch young tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) of known age

This is a chart of the head lengths of pouch young tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii)of known age, enabling the ages of pouch young of unknown age to be determined by their head lengt

The Response of Cerebral Cortex to Haemorrhagic Damage: Experimental Evidence from a Penetrating Injury Model

Understanding the response of the brain to haemorrhagic damage is important in haemorrhagic stroke and increasingly in the understanding the cerebral degeneration and dementia that follow head trauma and head-impact sports. In addition, there is growing evidence that haemorrhage from small cerebral vessels is important in the pathogenesis of age-related dementia (Alzheimer's disease). In a penetration injury model of rat cerebral cortex, we have examined the neuropathology induced by a needlestick injury, with emphasis on features prominent in the ageing and dementing human brain, particularly plaque-like depositions and the expression of related proteins. Needlestick lesions were made in neo- and hippocampal cortex in Sprague Dawley rats aged 3-5 months. Brains were examined after 1-30 d survival, for haemorrhage, for the expression of hyperphosphorylated tau, Aβ, amyloid precursor protein (APP), for gliosis and for neuronal death. Temporal cortex from humans diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease was examined with the same techniques. Needlestick injury induced long-lasting changes-haem deposition, cell death, plaque-like deposits and glial invasion-along the needle track. Around the track, the lesion induced more transient changes, particularly upregulation of Aβ, APP and hyperphosporylated tau in neurons and astrocytes. Reactions were similar in hippocampus and neocortex, except that neuronal death was more widespread in the hippocampus. In summary, experimental haemorrhagic injury to rat cerebral cortex induced both permanent and transient changes. The more permanent changes reproduced features of human senile plaques, including the formation of extracellular deposits in which haem and Aβ-related proteins co-localised, neuronal loss and gliosis. The transient changes, observed in tissue around the direct lesion, included the upregulation of Aβ, APP and hyperphosphorylated tau, not associated with cell death. The findings support the possibility that haemorrhagic damage to the brain can lead to plaque-like pathology.This work was supported by the Sir Zelman Cowen Universities Fund, and by the Bluesand Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Espécies reativas de oxigênio e seu efeito na atividade das células ósseas

Las mitocondrias generan especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO) que cumplen con una multiplicidad de procesos celulares; cuando se producen en exceso son responsables del estrés oxidativo y de múltiples procesos patológicos, incluyendo osteoporosis. Los factores de transcripción FoxO 1, 3 y 4 actúan como moléculas sensoras de ERO convirtiendo la señal de estrés oxidativo en la inducción de mecanismos de protección o señales apoptóticas. La insulina y los factores de crecimiento insulínicos (IGFs) regulan negativamente a FoxOs en mamíferos. Las ERO están involucradas en el remodelamiento óseo a través del efecto que ejercen sobre osteoblastos y osteoclastos. Los FoxOs controlan la acción de ERO sobre la osteoblastogénesis y la osteoclastogénesis. Con la edad, el aumento del estrés oxidativo acelera la adipogénesis a expensas de la osteoblastogénesis, al mismo tiempo que aumenta la oxidación de ácidos grasos generando compuestos pro-oxidantes que incrementan el estrés oxidativo. Asimismo, la caída estrogénica acelera la osteoclastogénesis por vía genómica o no genómica. Dada la importancia de FoxOs y ERO en la fisiología ósea y durante el envejecimiento, clarificar los eventos celulares y pasos moleculares involucrados en el control del estrés oxidativo sería vital para entender la regulación de la osteoporosis relacionada a la edad.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key players in oxidative stress, and they are generated as by-products of cellular metabolism, primarily in the mitochondria. ROS are well recognised for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. FoxOs transcription factors are activated in oxidative stress responses and participate in the regulation of cellular functions, including cell cycle arrest, cell death, and protection from stress stimuli. FoxO activity is inhibited by growth factors and the insulin signaling pathways. They play a fundamental role in skeletal homeostasis by exerting both ROS céludependent and independent effects on bone cells. FoxOs modulate osteoblastogenesis and attenuate osteoclastogenesis through both cell autonomous and indirect mechanisms. With aging there is an inevitable increment in oxidative stress that accelerates adipogenesis at the expense of osteoblastogenesis. There is also an increment in lipid oxidation to form pro-oxidant products that enhance oxidative stress generation. In addition, the estrogen withdrawal accelerates osteoclastogenesis. Given the importance of both FoxOs and ROS in aging and bone biology, understanding the cellular events and molecular pathways that are controlled by FoxOs during aging may be vital to our understanding of the regulation of age-related osteoporosis.Mitocôndrias geram espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) que cumprem uma grande variedade de processos celulares; se produzidas em excesso são responsáveis pelo estresse oxidativo e por múltiplos processos patológicos, incluindo a osteoporose. Os fatores de transcrição FoxO 1.3 e 4 funcionam como moléculas sensoras de ERO transformando o sinal de estresse oxidativo na indução de mecanismos de proteção ou sinais apoptóticos. A insulina e os fatores de crescimento insulínicos (IGFs) regulam em forma negativa Foxos em mamíferos. As ERO estão envolvidos na remodelação óssea através do seu efeito nos osteoblastos e osteoclastos. Os Foxos controlam a ação de ERO na osteoblastogênese e na osteoclastogênese. Com a idade, o aumento do estresse oxidativo acelera a adipogênese à custa de osteoblastogênese; ao mesmo tempo que aumentam a oxidação de ácidos graxos gerando compostos pró-oxidantes que incrementam o estresse oxidativo. Além disso, a queda estrogênica acelera a osteoclastogênese por via genômica ou não genômica. Devido à importância de FoxOs e ERO na fisiologia óssea e durante o envelhecimento, esclarecer os eventos celulares e passos moleculares envolvidos no controle do estresse oxidativo seria vital para a compreensão da regulação da osteoporose relacionada com a idade.Fil: Marotte, Clarisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Zeni, Susana Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentin

Aproximación al estudio del cementerio Nuestra Señora del Carmen, de la ciudad de Formosa

Fil: Rizzo, Antonia. Laboratorio de Análisis Cerámico, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLPFil: Marotte, Nora Marta. Laboratorio de Análisis Cerámico, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNL

Claude-Nicolas Ledoux et la ville "utopique" d'Arc-et-Senans

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

The brain of the Tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) in stereotaxic coordinates

This pdf contains an atlas of the brain of the adult wallaby (Macropus eugenii), comprising images of coronal sections and matching drawings in stereotaxic coordinates with structures identified. It extends from Bregma +27mm to Bregma -21mm. It includes the methodology used and an overview of the anatomical organisation of the wallaby brain

Visual Elective Affinities: An Elliptical Study of the Works of Angela Carter and Marosa di Giorgio

Visual Elective Affinities: An Elliptical Study of the Works of Angela Carter and Marosa di Giorgio examines the extent to which these two authors engage with visual representations, as well as how visuality affects and modulates the nature of their writing. In this respect, I am committed to re-thinking the notions of verbal and visual media and I draw on W.J.T. Mitchell’s theory of the imagetext as a conceptual tool from which to investigate the heterogeneity of representation. On the one hand, I trace similarities and contrasts between Carter’s and di Giorgio’s perspectives, offering new critical approaches to each other’s œuvres. For example, I suggest new routes of interpretation into Carter’s and di Giorgio’s texts, by opening the exploration of their work to the interplay not only with visuality but also with each other’s geo-cultural domains. On the other hand, this thesis draws on theories and discourses of comparative literature and, hence, it also problematises standards and consequences of comparisons between the arts and between cultures. There are three major visual elective affinities with which I develop an intertwined analysis of the authors’ texts. Firstly, Giuseppe Arcimboldo’s pictures are a shared reference in Carter’s and di Giorgio’s writings, and I analyse Arcimboldo’s “effect” on their works. A second visual affinity is created around visions and images of women. Carter’s “The Bloody Chamber” is put under consideration along with images by Félicien Rops, Jacques Louis David and Corinna Sargood, amongst others, whilst di Giorgio’s Camino de las pedrerías is examined in relation to surrealist works of art including: Max Ernst’s, Leonora Carrington’s and Leonor Fini’s. Finally, this thesis analyses the films The Company of Wolves (dir. Neil Jordan, 1984) and Lobo (dir. Eduardo Casanova, 1990) in relation to Carter’s and di Giorgio’s works. In doing so, I introduce alternative perspectives on these writers, examining the links between cinematography and fairy tales, and exploring the conflictive and hybrid nature of filmic representation.The University of Exete