Metamorfoses do simbólico no brasil rural – As transformações do início do século XXI vistas por meio de um personagem clássico da formação do Brasil, o caipira

In the analysis of Brazilian transfonnations of this 21st century there are polarizations involving the praise of unprecedented changes in the history of the country and the argument about their limited scope in the contemporary crisis. This article circumvents these extremes by stating that the period expresses changes in the bases of domination, here focused on the metamorphoses of the “caipira ” in rural and inland Brazil. This is portrayed in classic studies on Cunha and Bofete (SP) and revisited atpresent, highlighting three aspects: the 2000s recompose the “caipira’in the social hierarchy, combining changes and updates of old structures of domination; new ruralities show heterogeneous processes of preservation of the “caipira's” autonomy and tradition under theforms of contractualization of capitalist rationality and of the urban and post-industrial world; aspects emphasized by the classics of Brazilian configuration are supported if understood from the perspective of metamorphoses and material and symbolic articulations, interdependencies between local and extra local, and interpenetrations between past and present.En el análisis de las transformaciones brasileñas de este siglo XXI hay polarizaciones que implican elogios de cambios sin precedentes en la historia del país y el argumento sobre su alcance limitado en la crisis contemporánea. Este artículo evita estos extremos al afirmar que el período expresa cambios en las bases de la dominación, centrados en las metamorfosis del “caipira” en las zonas rurales y del interior de Brasil. Esto se retrata en estudios clásicos sobre Cunha y Bofete (SP), así como en las revisiones actuales, destacando tres aspectos: los años 2000 recomponen el “caipira” en la jerarquía social, combinando cambios y actualizaciones de viejas estructuras de dominación; las nuevas ruralidades muestran procesos heterogéneos de preservación de la autonomía y tradición del “caipira” bajo formas de contractualización de la racionalidad capitalista y del mundo urbano y postindustrial; los aspectos enfatizados por los clásicos de la formación brasileña se sostienen si se comprenden desde la perspectiva de las metamorfosis y las articulaciones de lo material y lo simbólico, las interdependencias entre lo local y lo extra local, y las interpenetraciones entre el pasado y el presente.Na análise das transformações brasileiras do século XXI há polarizações envolvendo enaltecimento de mudanças inéditas na história do país e argumentação sobre o alcance limitado destas na crise contemporânea. Este artigo contorna estes extremos afirmando que o período expressa mudanças nas bases da dominação, focalizadas nas metamorfoses do caipira no Brasil rural e interiorano. Esta é retratada em estudos clássicos sobre Cunha-SP e Bofete-SP e revisitada no presente, destacando-se três aspectos: os anos 2000 recompõem o caipira na hierarquia social, combinando alterações e atualizações de velhas estruturas de dominação; novas ruralidades evidenciam processos heterogêneos de preservação de autonomia e tradição do caipira sob formas de contratualização da racionalidade capitalista e do mundo urbano e pós-industrial; aspectos ressaltados pelos clássicos da formação brasileira têm sustentação se entendidos sob o prisma das metamorfoses e articulações do material e do simbólico, das interdependências entre local e extra local, e das interpenetrações entre passado e presente

Evaluation of cellular proliferation as prognostic indicator for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o valor prognóstico de marcadores de proliferação celular em casos de mastocitomas cutâneos caninos. Vinte e três casos foram analisados quanto à expressão imuno-histoquímica de Ki67 e do Antígeno Nuclear de Proliferação Celular (PCNA), sendo subsequentemente acompanhados clinicamente. Observou-se que a expressão de Ki67 mantém relação negativa com a tradicional graduação histopatológica (p= 0,0418; p<0,05 entre os graus I e III), sendo um indicador confiável para o tempo de sobrevida pós-cirúrgica (p=0,0089). A imunoexpressão de PCNA, apesar de estar correlacionada à marcação por Ki67, não apresentou valores estatisticamente significantes na predição da mortalidade em função da doença e do tempo de sobrevida pós-cirúrgico. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que informações sobre a atividade proliferativa tumoral pela detecção imuno-histoquímica de Ki67 podem incrementar a classificação de mastocitomas cutâneos caninos quanto à malignidade.This study evaluated the prognostic value of cell proliferation markers for canine cutaneous mast cell tumor cases. Twenty-three cases were analyzed with regard to immuno-histochemical expression of Ki67 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), and were clinically followed up. Ki67 expression was related to the traditional histopathological grading (p= 0.0418; p<0.05 between grades I and III), and was a reliable indicator of post-surgical survival (p=0.0089). PCNA immunoexpression did not show statistically significant values in the prediction of disease-related mortality and survival, although it is correlated to Ki67 expression. These results confirm that information about tumoral proliferative activity through Ki67 immunohistochemical detection can improve canine cutaneous mast cell tumor grading with regard to malignancy

Recognition of landscapes in Santo André, SP, Brazil: an experience of Inventory of cultural goods

This article presents the experience that is being held with a view to organising the Inventory of cultural goods of Santo André, city of São Paulo metropolitan region, inserted in an area called popularly of ABC. This is the presentation of methodological procedures adopted in a given circumference - central area of the city. In this text are demonstrated: how to approach the area, the recognition of landscapes present making use of the concept of cultural landscape, the researches undertaken and the results obtained.Este artigo apresenta a experiência que vem sendo realizada com vistas à organização do Inventário de Bens Culturais de Santo André, cidade da região metropolitana de São Paulo, inserida em uma área denominada popularmente de ABC. Trata-se da apresentação dos procedimentos metodológicos adotados em um perímetro determinado - área central da cidade. Neste texto são demonstrados: a forma de abordagem da área, o reconhecimento das paisagens presentes fazendo-se uso do conceito de paisagem cultural, as pesquisas desenvolvidas e os resultados obtidos

Long-Term Treatment with Aqueous Garlic and/or Tomato Suspensions Decreases Ehrlich Ascites Tumors

We evaluated the preventive and therapeutic effects of aqueous suspensions of garlic, tomato, and garlic + tomato in the development of experimental Ehrlich tumors in mice. The aqueous suspensions (2%) were administered over a short term for 30 days before tumor inoculation and 12 days afterward, and suspensions at 6% were administered for 180 days before inoculation and for 12 days afterward. The volume, number, and characteristics of the tumor cells and AgNOR counts were determined to compare the different treatments. Aqueous 6% suspensions of garlic, tomato, and garlic + tomato given over the long term significantly reduced tumor growth but when given over the short term, they did not alter tumor growth

Assessment of foodservice quality and identification of improvement strategies using hospital foodservice quality model

The purposes of this study were to assess hospital foodservice quality and to identify causes of quality problems and improvement strategies. Based on the review of literature, hospital foodservice quality was defined and the Hospital Foodservice Quality model was presented. The study was conducted in two steps. In Step 1, nutritional standards specified on diet manuals and nutrients of planned menus, served meals, and consumed meals for regular, diabetic, and low-sodium diets were assessed in three general hospitals. Quality problems were found in all three hospitals since patients consumed less than their nutritional requirements. Considering the effects of four gaps in the Hospital Foodservice Quality model, Gaps 3 and 4 were selected as critical control points (CCPs) for hospital foodservice quality management. In Step 2, the causes of the gaps and improvement strategies at CCPs were labeled as "quality hazards" and "corrective actions", respectively and were identified using a case study. At Gap 3, inaccurate forecasting and a lack of control during production were identified as quality hazards and corrective actions proposed were establishing an accurate forecasting system, improving standardized recipes, emphasizing the use of standardized recipes, and conducting employee training. At Gap 4, quality hazards were menus of low preferences, inconsistency of menu quality, a lack of menu variety, improper food temperatures, and patients' lack of understanding of their nutritional requirements. To reduce Gap 4, the dietary departments should conduct patient surveys on menu preferences on a regular basis, develop new menus, especially for therapeutic diets, maintain food temperatures during distribution, provide more choices, conduct meal rounds, and provide nutrition education and counseling. The Hospital Foodservice Quality Model was a useful tool for identifying causes of the foodservice quality problems and improvement strategies from a holistic point of view

Risk and symptoms of COVID-19 in health professionals according to baseline immune status and booster vaccination during the Delta and Omicron waves in Switzerland-A multicentre cohort study.

BACKGROUND Knowledge about protection conferred by previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and/or vaccination against emerging viral variants allows clinicians, epidemiologists, and health authorities to predict and reduce the future Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) burden. We investigated the risk and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (re)infection and vaccine breakthrough infection during the Delta and Omicron waves, depending on baseline immune status and subsequent vaccinations. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this prospective, multicentre cohort performed between August 2020 and March 2022, we recruited hospital employees from ten acute/nonacute healthcare networks in Eastern/Northern Switzerland. We determined immune status in September 2021 based on serology and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections/vaccinations: Group N (no immunity); Group V (twice vaccinated, uninfected); Group I (infected, unvaccinated); Group H (hybrid: infected and ≥1 vaccination). Date and symptoms of (re)infections and subsequent (booster) vaccinations were recorded until March 2022. We compared the time to positive SARS-CoV-2 swab and number of symptoms according to immune status, viral variant (i.e., Delta-dominant before December 27, 2021; Omicron-dominant on/after this date), and subsequent vaccinations, adjusting for exposure/behavior variables. Among 2,595 participants (median follow-up 171 days), we observed 764 (29%) (re)infections, thereof 591 during the Omicron period. Compared to group N, the hazard ratio (HR) for (re)infection was 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22 to 0.50, p < 0.001) for V, 0.25 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.57, p = 0.001) for I, and 0.04 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.10, p < 0.001) for H in the Delta period. HRs substantially increased during the Omicron period for all groups; in multivariable analyses, only belonging to group H was associated with protection (adjusted HR [aHR] 0.52, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.77, p = 0.001); booster vaccination was associated with reduction of breakthrough infection risk in groups V (aHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.85, p = 0.001) and H (aHR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.00, p = 0.048), largely observed in the early Omicron period. Group H (versus N, risk ratio (RR) 0.80, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.97, p = 0.021) and participants with booster vaccination (versus nonboosted, RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.88, p < 0.001) reported less symptoms during infection. Important limitations are that SARS-CoV-2 swab results were self-reported and that results on viral variants were inferred from the predominating strain circulating in the community at that time, rather than sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that hybrid immunity and booster vaccination are associated with a reduced risk and reduced symptom number of SARS-CoV-2 infection during Delta- and Omicron-dominant periods. For previously noninfected individuals, booster vaccination might reduce the risk of symptomatic Omicron infection, although this benefit seems to wane over time