Suero autólogo ¿Medicina regenerativa en Oftalmología?

La presente revisión abarca el uso del suero autólogo en la oftalmología. Se revisaron las propiedades, indicaciones de su uso sobre la superficie ocular, sus efectos biológicos, los efectos adversos que podrían aparecer así como las contraindicaciones para su uso. Nos planteamos investigar en la bibliografía si el uso de este suero autólogo es considerado como una medicina regenerativa en Oftalmología y las estrategias de esta medicina en la especialidad

Medición ecográfica de las vainas del nervio óptico en pacientes con papiledema / Ultrasound measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with papilledema

Introducción: La ecografía ocular es un medio diagnóstico no invasivo, de fácil manejo, elevada sensibilidad y especificidad, sin riesgos de complicaciones, gran accesibilidad y puede realizarlo el médico a cargo del enfermo; por lo que resulta de bajo costo para la institución. La medición del diámetro de las vainas del nervio óptico (DVNO) por ecografía puede ser el método idóneo para el diagnóstico del papiledema.Objetivo: Describir la utilidad en la medición del diámetro de vainas del nervio óptico, en el diagnóstico de papiledema mediante ecografía ocular, en pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García". Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en pacientes con papiledema que acudieron de manera consecutiva y cumplieron los criterios de selección, en el período de diciembre de 2020 a diciembre de 2021.Resultados: La muestra fueron 15 pacientes con papiledema y 33 individuos sanos. El grupo etario de mayores de 41 años y el sexo femenino constituyeron el 60 %. El promedio del diámetro de las vainas del nervio óptico en pacientes con papiledema fue de 5,57 mm. El 100 % de los pacientes tuvo buena agudeza visual central para lejos. Los pacientes con papiledema establecido tuvieron un diámetro de 5,93 mm y en sanos fue de 3,52 mm.Conclusiones: El diámetro de las vainas del nervio óptico en pacientes con papiledema estuvo aumentado, fue mayor en pacientes en estadio establecido y estuvo entre valores normales en individuos sanos

Enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau desde la perspectiva de la Oftalmología

Introducción: La enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau es una mutación genética rara del cromosoma 3p25-26; es considerada también un trastorno neoplásico hereditario caracterizado por una elevada predisposición a la aparición de tumores benignos y malignos en múltiples localizaciones.Objetivo: Corroborar la importancia del examen oftalmológico en el diagnóstico de enfermedades sistémicas, con la dentificación de manifestaciones clínicas poco frecuentes. Caso clínico: Paciente del sexo femenino de 18 años de edad, que acudió a consulta para chequeo visual y al examen del fondo de ojo se encontró una lesión en retina que fue investigada por un equipo multidisciplinario hasta llegar al diagnóstico.Conclusiones: Se destaca la importancia de la interrelación de los niveles de atención de salud en Cuba: primario, secundario y terciario

Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Impact of Tacrolimus Versus Cyclosporine on the Incidence of Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus

Despite the high incidence of posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) among high-risk recipients, no studies have investigated its prevention by immunosuppression optimization. We conducted an open-label, multicenter, randomized trial testing whether a tacrolimus-based immunosuppression and rapid steroid withdrawal (SW) within 1 week (Tac-SW) or cyclosporine A (CsA) with steroid minimization (SM) (CsA-SM), decreased the incidence of PTDM compared with tacrolimus with SM (Tac-SM). All arms received basiliximab and mycophenolate mofetil. High risk was defined by age >60 or >45 years plus metabolic criteria based on body mass index, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The primary endpoint was the incidence of PTDM after 12 months. The study comprised 128 de novo renal transplant recipients without pretransplant diabetes (Tac-SW: 44, Tac-SM: 42, CsA-SM: 42). The 1-year incidence of PTDM in each arm was 37.8% for Tac-SW, 25.7% for Tac-SM, and 9.7% for CsA-SM (relative risk [RR] Tac-SW vs. CsA-SM 3.9 [1.2-12.4; P = 0.01]; RR Tac-SM vs. CsA-SM 2.7 [0.8-8.9; P = 0.1]). Antidiabetic therapy was required less commonly in the CsA-SM arm (P = 0.06); however, acute rejection rate was higher in CsA-SM arm (Tac-SW 11.4%, Tac-SM 4.8%, and CsA-SM 21.4% of patients; cumulative incidence P = 0.04). Graft and patient survival, and graft function were similar among arms. In high-risk patients, tacrolimus-based immunosuppression with SM provides the best balance between PTDM and acute rejection incidence

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for anomalous production of events with three or more leptons in pp collisions at √s = 8TeV

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published articles title, journal citation, and DOI.A search for physics beyond the standard model in events with at least three leptons is presented. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5fb-1 of proton-proton collisions with center-of-mass energy s=8TeV, was collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC during 2012. The data are divided into exclusive categories based on the number of leptons and their flavor, the presence or absence of an opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pair (OSSF), the invariant mass of the OSSF pair, the presence or absence of a tagged bottom-quark jet, the number of identified hadronically decaying τ leptons, and the magnitude of the missing transverse energy and of the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta. The numbers of observed events are found to be consistent with the expected numbers from standard model processes, and limits are placed on new-physics scenarios that yield multilepton final states. In particular, scenarios that predict Higgs boson production in the context of supersymmetric decay chains are examined. We also place a 95% confidence level upper limit of 1.3% on the branching fraction for the decay of a top quark to a charm quark and a Higgs boson (t→cH), which translates to a bound on the left- and right-handed top-charm flavor-violating Higgs Yukawa couplings, λtcH and λctH, respectively, of |λtcH|2+|λctH|2<0.21

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe