Insights into embedded policy paradigms and Kazakhstan's future trajectory

This chapter delineates the lessons from the book by linking the conclusions from different chapters and highlighting the implications for Kazakhstan’s future policy and governance in the light of the ambitious Kazakhstan-2050 strategy that has been on the nation’s agenda since its adoption in 2012. The chapter identifies four themes that were reiterated by the authors throughout the book. The overarching theme is sustainability of Kazakhstan’s development as the future of some sectors does not appear to be resting on policies that are best suited to meeting the challenges of the twenty-first century. The other themes may be summarised as calls to ensure advancement in four areas: economic restructuring, participatory governance, intersectoral thinking in policymaking, and policy integration, rather than fragmentation. This concluding chapter discusses each of these themes in detail and draws the learning points for adjustments in policy and governance

Dispersed weathering products of carbonate rock: Features and formation conditions from the construction's point of view (by the example of Kazan, Russia)

Geological conditions of the Kazan city area are typical for East European Platform: alluvial sandy-clay sediments overlay the eroded surface of Permian, mainly carbonate section. Dispersed products of carbonate rock weathering appear at interfacial contact of these two associations. They can be attributed to a group of problem soils, because of their considerable inhomogeneity, irregular variability of physical-mechanical properties, internal instability, susceptibility to suffosion and solubility. All of these properties suggest the difficulties in implementation of field tests and in sampling, as well as in measurement of physical-mechanical properties in laboratory conditions. This paper presents laboratory test results on dispersed products of carbonate rock weathering sampled on the Kazan city area. A series of triaxial compression tests was conducted to understand the mechanical properties of these samples. The spatio-temporal model of carbonate weathering crust formation process is proposed. The recommendations are made for organization the engineering- geological research in the regions, where dispersed products of carbonate rock weathering. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London

Red paleosols in the key sections of the Middle and Upper Permian of the Kazan Volga region and their paleoclimatic significance

© 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. This paper presents the preliminary results of investigations of carbonate nodules from red paleosols of the reference sections of the Middle and Upper Permian of the Kazan Volga region. The main genetic types of paleosols are calcic gleysols and gleyed vertisols, the pedogenic nodules are composed of dolomite and calcite. Scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic and isotopic methods of analysis show that the nodules retained their original mineral composition and were formed with the participation of soil microorganisms under conditions of contrasting seasonality in an arid climate. In the vicinity of the Kiama–Illawarra paleomagnetic boundary, the Urzhumian paleosols show a transition in the composition of pedogenic nodules from dolomite to calcite. It is suggested that this transition was caused by the humidization of climate, which is supported by lithological and isotopic data

Features of reef formation in the evlan time of upper devonian sediments by electron paramagnetic resonance

© SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved. Investigation of the paramagnetic properties of core samples from the section of the reference well was performed on the basis of a representative sample (97 samples) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for mineral associations of the Evlan horizon of the Upper Devonian deposits of the Volga-Ural region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Within the Volga-Ural region, reef formation dates back to the late Frasnian and has developed to the maximum extent in the Voronezh, Evlan and Liven times. The deposition of the Voronezh horizon begins with a series of limestone, intensely dolomitized and recrystallized, where oxide iron is present in the secondary calcite was determined from the EPR spectra. The Evlan sequence of deposits, according to the EPR data, begins with an anhydrite of dolomite interlayer, above which limestone rocks with various degrees of dolomites (1601 m - 1597.4 m) were deposited. At the same time, the position of this interlayer characterizes the presence of a reservoir, the tops of which correspond to a mark of 1599.1 m. According to the results of EPR studies of the C 600 carbonized syngenetic radical, it is established that its concentration in the calcareous section of the Voronezh deposit section is more than 1.5 times the concentration in the Evlan deposits. Upwards in the section of the Evlan deposits, regressive shallowing of the basin is observed in the calcareous section and a change in the carbonate to sulfate sedimentation and the release of sediments onto the surface occurs. These processes led to a frequent change of the Eh-pH conditions already at the stage of early diagenesis. The appearance of secondary calcite and dolomitization of limestone allows us to distinguish the stages of alkaline diagenesis

Suitability of PSA-detected localised prostate cancers for focal therapy: Experience from the ProtecT study

This article is available through a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. Copyright @ 2011 Cancer Research UK.Background: Contemporary screening for prostate cancer frequently identifies small volume, low-grade lesions. Some clinicians have advocated focal prostatic ablation as an alternative to more aggressive interventions to manage these lesions. To identify which patients might benefit from focal ablative techniques, we analysed the surgical specimens of a large sample of population-detected men undergoing radical prostatectomy as part of a randomised clinical trial. Methods: Surgical specimens from 525 men who underwent prostatectomy within the ProtecT study were analysed to determine tumour volume, location and grade. These findings were compared with information available in the biopsy specimen to examine whether focal therapy could be provided appropriately. Results: Solitary cancers were found in prostatectomy specimens from 19% (100 out of 525) of men. In addition, 73 out of 425 (17%) men had multiple cancers with a solitary significant tumour focus. Thus, 173 out of 525 (33%) men had tumours potentially suitable for focal therapy. The majority of these were small, well-differentiated lesions that appeared to be pathologically insignificant (38–66%). Criteria used to select patients for focal prostatic ablation underestimated the cancer's significance in 26% (34 out of 130) of men and resulted in overtreatment in more than half. Only 18% (24 out of 130) of men presumed eligible for focal therapy, actually had significant solitary lesions. Conclusion: Focal therapy appears inappropriate for the majority of men presenting with prostate-specific antigen-detected localised prostate cancer. Unifocal prostate cancers suitable for focal ablation are difficult to identify pre-operatively using biopsy alone. Most lesions meeting criteria for focal ablation were either more aggressive than expected or posed little threat of progression.National Institute for Health Researc

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for H → τ τ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic (τ → `νν¯ with ` = e, µ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, of µ = 1.43 +0.43 −0.37 is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel at s√=8 TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV. The analysis is performed in the H → γγ decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a fit to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the resonance is much smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields are corrected for the effects of detector inefficiency and resolution. The pp → H → γγ fiducial cross section is measured to be 43.2 ±9.4(stat.) − 2.9 + 3.2 (syst.) ±1.2(lumi)fb for a Higgs boson of mass 125.4GeV decaying to two isolated photons that have transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of the diphoton invariant mass and each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four additional fiducial cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production mechanisms, or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential cross sections are also presented, as a function of variables related to the diphoton kinematics and the jet activity produced in the Higgs boson events. The observed spectra are statistically limited but broadly in line with the theoretical expectations