Effets d'un ingrédient à base de germe de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) fermenté sur l'intégrité de la barrière intestinale et la sensibilité viscérale: mécanismes d'action impliqués

La barrière intestinale est la plus grande surface de contact entre le milieu extérieur et le milieu intérieur. Outre ses fonctions d’absorption des nutriments, elle exerce un rôle important de défense contre les agents indésirables (toxines, bactéries) contenus dans la lumière intestinale. Une augmentation de la perméabilité intestinale a été observée chez les patients atteints du syndrome de l’intestin irritable (SII) ou des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (MICI). Cette hyperperméabilité intestinale est contemporaine d’une hypersensibilité viscérale à la distension de la paroi intestinale. Des travaux récents rapportent également une augmentation de l’activité protéolytique du contenu intestinal dans le cadre de ces deux pathologies. Les estrogènes, par leurs propriétés anti-inflammatoires et leur capacité à moduler la perméabilité intestinale par activation de leurs récepteurs (REs) peuvent contribuer à l’amélioration des symptômes associés à ces pathologies digestives. Une variété de traitements médicaux a été utilisée pour la prise en charge thérapeutique du SII et de MICI. Cependant, les patients questionnent les cliniciens sur des conseils diététiques susceptibles d’améliorer leur qualité de vie. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer les effets et les mécanismes d’action impliqués, d’un traitement par du germe de soja fermenté (SG) sur l’hyperalgésie viscérale et l’hyperperméabilité intestinale dans des modèles animaux mimant le SII et les MICI afin de proposer des futures allégations santé à ce produit. Le rationnel de l’évaluation de cet ingrédient était basé sur sa composition intéressante, à savoir, sa teneur en composés à propriétés estrogéniques (isoflavones) et sa capacité à inhiber les protéases (BBI). Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré qu’un traitement oral de 15 jours par le SG diminue de façon significative l’hypersensibilité viscérale, l’hyperperméabilité intestinale ainsi que l’augmentation de l’activité protéolytique induites par un stress de contrainte chez le rat. La diminution de la perméabilité intestinale implique une surexpression de l’occludine, protéine des jonctions serrées. De même, le traitement par du SG réduit la densité des mastocytes au niveau du côlon. Tous les effets préventifs du SG sauf ceux sur l’activité protéolytique sont estrogéno-dépendants car bloqués par l’antagoniste des REs. Dans un second temps, nous avons montré qu’un traitement préventif par le SG pendant 15 jours présente des effets protecteurs vis-à-vis d’une inflammation intestinale induite par du TNBS. Le SG atténue la sévérité de l’inflammation, l’hyperperméabilité, l’hypersensibilité et l’augmentation de l’activité protéolytique induites par la colite. Les effets anti-inflammatoires du SG sont à la fois dépendants des phytoestrogènes et du contenu de l’ingrédient en BBI. En conclusion, ces données sont prometteuses pour une future utilisation du SG dans la gestion thérapeutique du SII et des MICI comme traitement adjuvant. ABSTRACT : The intestinal barrier is the largest area of contact between the external environment and internal environment. In addition to its function of nutrient absorption, the intestinal barrier plays a key role of defense against noxious agents (toxins, bacteria) contained in the intestinal lumen. An increase in intestinal permeability was observed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This intestinal hyperpermeability was often associated with visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distension. Recent studies also report an increase in the proteolytic activity in patients with IBS or IBD. Estrogens, through their anti-inflammatory properties and their ability to modulate intestinal permeability by activating estrogen receptors (ERs), can play an important role in these digestive diseases. A variety of medical therapies have been used for treatment of IBS and IBD. However, patients question clinicians about dietary suggestions to improve their symptoms and quality of life. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of action involved of a treatment with fermented soy germ (SG) on visceral hyperalgesia, intestinal hyperpermeability in animal models mimicking the IBS and IBD. The evaluation of this ingredient was based on its interesting composition, i.e its content of isoflavones and a family of serine protease inhibitors known as BBI. Initially, we demonstrated that an oral treatment of 15 days by SG significantly reduces visceral hypersensitivity, intestinal hyperpermeability and increased proteolytic activity induced by acute stress in the rat. Decreased intestinal permeability is due to overexpression of occludin, a transmembrane tight junction protein. Similarly, treatment with SG reduces the density of colonic mast cells. All preventive effects of SG except those on the proteolytic activity are estrogen-dependent because blocked by the antagonist of ERs. In a second step, we demonstrated that a treatment for 15 days with SG induces protective effects against intestinal inflammation induced by TNBS. SG reduces the severity of colitis, decreases TNBS-induced hyperpermeability, hypersensitivity and increased proteolytic activity. The anti-inflammatory effects of SG are estrogen and/or BBI dependent. In conclusion, these data are promising for future use of the SG as adjuvant therapy in IBS and IBD management

Effets d'un ingrédient à base de germe de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) fermenté sur l'intégrité de la barrière intestinale et la sensibilité viscérale (mécanismes d'action impliqués)

La barrière intestinale est la plus grande surface de contact entre le milieu extérieur et le milieu intérieur. Outre ses fonctions d'absorption des nutriments, elle exerce un rôle important de défense contre les agents indésirables (toxines, bactéries) contenus dans la lumière intestinale. Une augmentation de la perméabilité intestinale a été observée chez les patients atteints du syndrome de l'intestin irritable (SII) ou des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin (MICI). Cette hyperperméabilité intestinale est contemporaine d'une hypersensibilité viscérale à la distension de la paroi intestinale. Des travaux récents rapportent également une augmentation de l'activité protéolytique du contenu intestinal dans le cadre de ces deux pathologies. Les estrogènes, par leurs propriétés anti-inflammatoires et leur capacité à moduler la perméabilité intestinale par activation de leurs récepteurs (REs) peuvent contribuer à l'amélioration des symptômes associés à ces pathologies digestives. Une variété de traitements médicaux a été utilisée pour la prise en charge thérapeutique du SII et de MICI. Cependant, les patients questionnent les cliniciens sur des conseils diététiques susceptibles d'améliorer leur qualité de vie. Ainsi, l'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer les effets et les mécanismes d'action impliqués, d'un traitement par du germe de soja fermenté (SG) sur l'hyperalgésie viscérale et l'hyperperméabilité intestinale dans des modèles animaux mimant le SII et les MICI afin de proposer des futures allégations santé à ce produit. Le rationnel de l'évaluation de cet ingrédient était basé sur sa composition intéressante, à savoir, sa teneur en composés à propriétés estrogéniques (isoflavones) et sa capacité à inhiber les protéases (BBI). Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré qu'un traitement oral de 15 jours par le SG diminue de façon significative l'hypersensibilité viscérale, l'hyperperméabilité intestinale ainsi que l'augmentation de l'activité protéolytique induites par un stress de contrainte chez le rat. La diminution de la perméabilité intestinale implique une surexpression de l'occludine, protéine des jonctions serrées. De même, le traitement par du SG réduit la densité des mastocytes au niveau du côlon. Tous les effets préventifs du SG sauf ceux sur l'activité protéolytique sont estrogéno-dépendants car bloqués par l'antagoniste des REs. Dans un second temps, nous avons montré qu'un traitement préventif par le SG pendant 15 jours présente des effets protecteurs vis-à-vis d'une inflammation intestinale induite par du TNBS. Le SG atténue la sévérité de l'inflammation, l'hyperperméabilité, l'hypersensibilité et l'augmentation de l'activité protéolytique induites par la colite. Les effets anti-inflammatoires du SG sont à la fois dépendants des phytoestrogènes et du contenu de l'ingrédient en BBI. En conclusion, ces données sont prometteuses pour une future utilisation du SG dans la gestion thérapeutique du SII et des MICI comme traitement adjuvantThe intestinal barrier is the largest area of contact between the external environment and internal environment. In addition to its function of nutrient absorption, the intestinal barrier plays a key role of defense against noxious agents (toxins, bacteria) contained in the intestinal lumen. An increase in intestinal permeability was observed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This intestinal hyperpermeability was often associated with visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distension. Recent studies also report an increase in the proteolytic activity in patients with IBS or IBD. Estrogens, through their anti-inflammatory properties and their ability to modulate intestinal permeability by activating estrogen receptors (ERs), can play an important role in these digestive diseases. A variety of medical therapies have been used for treatment of IBS and IBD. However, patients question clinicians about dietary suggestions to improve their symptoms and quality of life. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of action involved of a treatment with fermented soy germ (SG) on visceral hyperalgesia, intestinal hyperpermeability in animal models mimicking the IBS and IBD. The evaluation of this ingredient was based on its interesting composition, i.e its content of isoflavones and a family of serine protease inhibitors known as BBI. Initially, we demonstrated that an oral treatment of 15 days by SG significantly reduces visceral hypersensitivity, intestinal hyperpermeability and increased proteolytic activity induced by acute stress in the rat. Decreased intestinal permeability is due to overexpression of occludin, a transmembrane tight junction protein. Similarly, treatment with SG reduces the density of colonic mast cells. All preventive effects of SG except those on the proteolytic activity are estrogen-dependent because blocked by the antagonist of ERs. In a second step, we demonstrated that a treatment for 15 days with SG induces protective effects against intestinal inflammation induced by TNBS. SG reduces the severity of colitis, decreases TNBS-induced hyperpermeability, hypersensitivity and increased proteolytic activity. The anti-inflammatory effects of SG are estrogen and/or BBI dependent. In conclusion, these data are promising for future use of the SG as adjuvant therapy in IBS and IBD managementTOULOUSE-ENSAT-Documentation (315552324) / SudocSudocFranceF

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve the healing of colonic anastomoses following high dose of irradiation through anti-inflammatory and angiogenic processes

Cancer patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) could develop severe late side effects that affect their quality of life. Long-term bowel complications after RT are mainly characterized by a transmural fibrosis that could lead to intestinal obstruction. Today, surgical resection is the only effective treatment. However, preoperative RT increases the risk of anastomotic leakage. In this study, we attempted to use mesenchymal stromal cells from adipose tissue (Ad-MSCs) to improve colonic anastomosis after high-dose irradiation. MSCs were isolated from the subcutaneous fat of rats, amplified in vitro, and characterized by flow cytometry. An animal model of late radiation side effects was induced by local irradiation of the colon. Colonic anastomosis was performed 4 wk after irradiation. It was analyzed another 4 wk later (i.e., 8 wk after irradiation). The Ad-MSC-treated group received injections several times before and after the surgical procedure. The therapeutic benefit of the Ad-MSC treatment was determined by colonoscopy and histology. The inflammatory process was investigated using Fluorine-182-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography (F-18-FDG-PET/CT) imaging and macrophage infiltrate analyses. Vascular density was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results show that Ad-MSC treatment reduces ulcer size, increases mucosal vascular density, and limits hemorrhage. We also determined that 1 Ad-MSC injection limits the inflammatory process, as evaluated through F-18-FDG-PET-CT (at 4 wk), with a greater proportion of type 2 macrophages after iterative cell injections (8 wk). In conclusion, Ad-MSC injections promote anastomotic healing in an irradiated colon through enhanced vessel formation and reduced inflammation. This study also determined parameters that could be improved in further investigations

UAVs as a tool for optimizing boat-supported flood evacuation operations

The frequency and intensity of flood events are increasing year by year as a result of climate change. This poses significant threats to human settlements and adversely affects biodiversity, agriculture, and infrastructure. One of the most prominent and traditional flood evacuation approaches is through the use of boats. Nonetheless, serious challenges exist with respect to determining the optimal deployment locations, routes, and timing. Given research advances in the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) sector—and their ability to offer real-time data and aerial monitoring services—we argue that their applications could help enhance boat-supported flood evacuation operations. In this opinion piece, we explore new opportunities for disaster management and underscore the advantages of integrating UAVs into flood evacuation methodologies, including areas of rapid field assessment, optimal route planning, and improved coordination between rescue boats. Notwithstanding the potential of UAVs, we emphasize several gaps to be explored in terms of large-scale data management/processing, regulatory limitations, and technological know-how. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for bolstering boat deployment protocols, disaster preparedness training programs, policy frameworks, and emergency response systems, which could maximize their efficacy in flood evacuation scenarios.Drone

A Realidade Da Sífilis Materna E Congênita No Território Brasileiro: Uma Revisão De Literatura

As características epidemiológicas acerca da sífilis gestacional e sífilis congênita, baseia-se em uma abordagem que considera dados acerca da prevenção e tratamento dessa doença. Nessa perspectiva, a presente análise é uma mini revisão integrativa, que teve como objetivo elucidar a prevalência da sífilis congênita no Brasil, além das características epidemiológicas acerca dessa realidade. Para a seleção dos artigos científicos utilizou-se como banco de dados a Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (PubMed) e Google Acadêmico e o exemplar dessa mini revisão constituiu-se de 5 artigos. Posterior a análise dos artigos contidos nesta investigação, os resultados dos estudos salientam que existe uma concordância entre os dados sociais e clínicos que constituem as características epidemiológicas da sífilis congênita e gestacional, contidos nos artigos analisados; além de uma alarmante subnotificação prevalente em todas as regiões analisadas. Diante do exposto, concluiuse que há uma relação entre os serviços básicos de saúde ofertados, as notificações dos casos de sífilis congênita e gestacional, diagnóstico precoce desses casos com a prevenção e tratamento da sífilis congênita no Brasil. Dessa maneira, os grandes achados acerca da subnotificação de sífilis congênita e gestacional juntamente com a não aderência das mães portadoras de sífilis e seus parceiros ao tratamento ideal ofertado pela Atenção Básica de Saúde e o não diagnóstico precoce, constituem as características epidemiológicas dessa comorbidade em território nacional, além de consolidar um número crescente de casos de sífilis congênita

High-throughput barcoding method for the genetic surveillance of insecticide resistance and species identification in Anopheles gambiae complex malaria vectors.

Surveillance of malaria vector species and the monitoring of insecticide resistance are essential to inform malaria control strategies and support the reduction of infections and disease. Genetic barcoding of mosquitoes is a useful tool to assist the high-throughput surveillance of insecticide resistance, discriminate between sibling species and to detect the presence of Plasmodium infections. In this study, we combined multiplex PCR, custom designed dual indexing, and Illumina next generation sequencing for high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-profiling of four species from the Anopheles (An.) gambiae complex (An. gambiae sensu stricto, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis and An. melas). By amplifying and sequencing only 14 genetic fragments (500 bp each), we were able to simultaneously detect Plasmodium infection; insecticide resistance-conferring SNPs in ace1, gste2, vgsc and rdl genes; the partial sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and intergenic spacers (IGS), Short INterspersed Elements (SINE), as well as mitochondrial genes (cox1 and nd4) for species identification and genetic diversity. Using this amplicon sequencing approach with the four selected An. gambiae complex species, we identified a total of 15 non-synonymous mutations in the insecticide target genes, including previously described mutations associated with resistance and two new mutations (F1525L in vgsc and D148E in gste2). Overall, we present a reliable and cost-effective high-throughput panel for surveillance of An. gambiae complex mosquitoes in malaria endemic regions

Search for Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Coincidences Using HAWC and ANTARES Data

In the quest for high-energy neutrino sources, the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) has implemented a new search by combining data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and the Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss environmental RESearch (ANTARES) neutrino telescope. Using the same analysis strategy as in a previous detector combination of HAWC and IceCube data, we perform a search for coincidences in HAWC and ANTARES events that are below the threshold for sending public alerts in each individual detector. Data were collected between July 2015 and February 2020 with a livetime of 4.39 years. Over this time period, 3 coincident events with an estimated false-alarm rate of $< 1$ coincidence per year were found. This number is consistent with background expectations.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 table

Multimessenger NuEM Alerts with AMON

The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON), has developed a real-time multi-messenger alert system. The system performs coincidence analyses of datasets from gamma-ray and neutrino detectors, making the Neutrino-Electromagnetic (NuEM) alert channel. For these analyses, AMON takes advantage of sub-threshold events, i.e., events that by themselves are not significant in the individual detectors. The main purpose of this channel is to search for gamma-ray counterparts of neutrino events. We will describe the different analyses that make-up this channel and present a selection of recent results

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection