69 research outputs found
Ethane-beta-Sultam Modifies the Activation of the Innate Immune System Induced by Intermittent Ethanol Administration in Female Adolescent Rats
Intermittent ethanol abuse or âbinge drinkingâ during adolescence induces neuronal damage, which may be associated with cognitive dysfunction. To investigate the neurochemical processes involved, rats were administered either 1 g/kg or 2 g/kg ethanol in a âbinge drinkingâ regime. After only 3 weeks, significant activation of phagocytic
cells in the peripheral (alveolar macrophages) and the hippocampal brain region (microglia cells) was present,as exemplified by increases in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the macrophages and of iNOS in the microglia. This was associated with neuronal loss in the hippocampus CA1 region. Daily supplementation with a taurine prodrug, ethane-ÎČ-sultam, 0.028 g/kg, during the intermittent ethanol loading regime, supressed the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and of reactive nitrogen species, as well as neuronal loss, particularly in the rats administered the lower dose of ethanol, 1 g/kg. Plasma, macrophage and hippocampal taurine levels increased
marginally after ethane-ÎČ-sultam supplementation. The âbinge drinkingâ ethanol rats administered 1 g/kg ethanol showed increased latencies to those of the control rats in their acquisition of spacial navigation in the Morris Water
Maze, which was normalised to that of the controls values after ethane-ÎČ-sultam administration.
Such results confirm that the administration of ethane-ÎČ-sultam to binge drinking rats reduces neuroinflammation in both the periphery and the brain, suppresses neuronal loss, and improved working memory of rats in a water maze
study
Graphene: new bridge between condensed matter physics and quantum electrodynamics
Graphene is the first example of truly two-dimensional crystals - it's just
one layer of carbon atoms. It turns out to be a gapless semiconductor with
unique electronic properties resulting from the fact that charge carriers in
graphene demonstrate charge-conjugation symmetry between electrons and holes
and possess an internal degree of freedom similar to ``chirality'' for
ultrarelativistic elementary particles. It provides unexpected bridge between
condensed matter physics and quantum electrodynamics (QED). In particular, the
relativistic Zitterbewegung leads to the minimum conductivity of order of
conductance quantum in the limit of zero doping; the concept of Klein
paradox (tunneling of relativistic particles) provides an essential insight
into electron propagation through potential barriers; vacuum polarization
around charge impurities is essential for understanding of high electron
mobility in graphene; index theorem explains anomalous quantum Hall effect.Comment: misprints are fixed; to appear in special issue of Solid State
Communication
Effective Functional Form of Regge Trajectories
We present theoretical arguments and strong phenomenological evidence that
hadronic Regge trajectories are essentially nonlinear and can be well
approximated, for phenomenological purposes, by a specific square-root form.Comment: 29 pages, LaTeX. Published versio
Constraining the electric charges of some astronomical bodies in Reissner-Nordstrom spacetimes and generic r^-2-type power-law potentials from orbital motions
We put model-independent, dynamical constraints on the net electric charge Q
of some astronomical and astrophysical objects by assuming that their exterior
spacetimes are described by the Reissner-Nordstroem metric, which induces an
additional potential U_RN \propto Q^2 r^-2. Our results extend to other
hypothetical power-law interactions inducing extra-potentials U_pert = r^-2 as
well (abridged).Comment: LaTex2e, 16 pages, 3 figures, no tables, 128 references. Version
matching the one at press in General Relativity and Gravitation (GRG). arXiv
admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1112.351
Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Au+Au collisions at GeV with the STAR forward Event Plane Detectors
A decisive experimental test of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) is
considered one of the major scientific goals at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion
Collider (RHIC) towards understanding the nontrivial topological fluctuations
of the Quantum Chromodynamics vacuum. In heavy-ion collisions, the CME is
expected to result in a charge separation phenomenon across the reaction plane,
whose strength could be strongly energy dependent. The previous CME searches
have been focused on top RHIC energy collisions. In this Letter, we present a
low energy search for the CME in Au+Au collisions at
GeV. We measure elliptic flow scaled charge-dependent correlators relative to
the event planes that are defined at both mid-rapidity and at
forward rapidity . We compare the results based on the
directed flow plane () at forward rapidity and the elliptic flow plane
() at both central and forward rapidity. The CME scenario is expected
to result in a larger correlation relative to than to , while
a flow driven background scenario would lead to a consistent result for both
event planes[1,2]. In 10-50\% centrality, results using three different event
planes are found to be consistent within experimental uncertainties, suggesting
a flow driven background scenario dominating the measurement. We obtain an
upper limit on the deviation from a flow driven background scenario at the 95\%
confidence level. This work opens up a possible road map towards future CME
search with the high statistics data from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Phase-II.Comment: main: 8 pages, 5 figures; supplementary material: 2 pages, 1 figur
Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020
We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe
Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.
BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362
ProteĂna bruta e energia digestĂvel em dietas para alevinos de curimbatĂĄ (Prochilodus affins)
Qualidade de vida e saĂșde bucal em crianças e adolescentes: aspectos conceituais e metodolĂłgicos
- âŠ