1,124 research outputs found
Neurophysiologic Assessment of Motor Imagery Training by Using Virtual Reality for Pediatric Population with Cerebral Palsy
[ES] Existen diversas evidencias que indican que los déficits motores en los pacientes de parálisis cerebral se asocian con problemas en la planificación motora que, a su vez, apuntan a una mermada capacidad para imaginar movimientos. La imaginación motora se ha revelado como una herramienta efectiva en el aprendizaje y la adquisición de habilidades motoras ya que comparte estructuras neuronales similares con la ejecución motora. En este trabajo se presenta un paradigma basado en un juego de realidad virtual para guiar la actividad mental del paciente que sirve a dos fines: estudiar su capacidad de imaginar movimientos e implicar y motivar al paciente en el entrenamiento de dicha capacidad. El estudio ha involucrado cuatro niños con parálisis cerebral espástica (edad media = 13.25 años, DS = 1.5) con lesión cerebral bilateral. Los resultados obtenidos del análisis de su actividad electroencefalográfica muestran que estos pacientes son capaces de emplear la imaginación motora en una tarea de marcha, indicada por la presencia del fenómeno ERD (Event Related Desynchronization) en zonas corticales motoras, independientemente de su nivel funcional y de los miembros afectados.[EN] There are several evidences showing that motor disorders in patients with cerebral palsy are associated with problems in motor planning, which, in turn, denote a diminished capability to imagine movements. Motor imagery appears like an effective means in learning and acquiring motor skills since it shares similar neural structures to those ones used in motor execution. In this paper, a paradigm based on a virtual reality game that drives the patient’s electroencephalographic signal is presented. This study aims, on the one hand, to analyze the patients’ ability of imagining movements and, on the other hand, to involve and motivate them in order to implement this ability. The research work has engaged four children with spastic cerebral palsy (mean age = 13.25, SD = 1.5) with bilateral brain damage. After analyzing their electroencephalographic signal, the results show that these patients are able of using motor imagery in a walking task, as indicated by the presence of ERD (event related desynchronization) in cortical motor areas, regardless their functional impairment and affected body extremities.Este trabajo ha sido financiado parcialmente por los proyectos
CP-WALKER (DPI2012-39133-C03-01), MD (PIE201650E055) y NeuroMOD (DPI2015-68664-C4-1-R)Del Castillo, M.; Serrano, J.; Lerma, S.; Martínez, I.; Rocon, E. (2018). Evaluación Neurofisiológica del Entrenamiento de la Imaginación Motora con Realidad Virtual en Pacientes Pediátricos con Parálisis Cerebral. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 15(2):174-179. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2017.8819OJS174179152Bayón, C., Ramírez, O., Serrano, J.I., del Castillo, M.D., Pérez-Somarriba, A., Belda-Lois, J.M., Martínez-Caballero, I., Lerma-Lara, S., Cifuentes, C., Frizera, A., Rocon, E., 2017. Development and evaluation of a novel robotic platform for gait rehabilitation in patients with cerebral palsy: CPWalker. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 91, 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2016.12.015Blair, E., 2010. Epidemiology of the cerebral palsies. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 41, 441-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2010.06.004Chang, M.C., Kim, D.Y., Park, D.H., 2015. Enhancement of cortical excitability and lower limb motor function in patients with stroke by transcranial direct current stimulation. Brain Stimulation, 8(3), 561-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.411Crajé, C., van Elk, M., Beeren, M., van Schie, H.T., Bekkering, H., Steenbergen, B., 2010. Compromised motor planning and motor imagery in right hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 3186, 1313-1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.07.010Iosa, M., Zocolillo, L., Montesi, M., Morelli, D., Paolucci, S., Fusco, A., 2014. The brain's sense of walking: a study on the intertwine between locomotor imagery and internal locomotor models in healthy adults, typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8(359), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00859Labruyère, R., Gerber, C.N., Birrer‐Brütsch, K., Meyer‐Heim, A., van Hedel, H., 2013. Requirements for and impact of a serious game for neuro‐pediatric robot‐assisted gait training. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34, 3906-3915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.07.031Laver, K., George, S., Thomas, S., Deutsch, JE., Crotty, M., 2012. Cochrane review: virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 48(3), 523-530.Lerma, S., del Castillo, M.D., Serrano, J.I., Rocon, E., Raya, R., Martínez, I., 2015. EEG control of gait in children with cerebral palsy. Preliminary data for the construction of a brain computer interface. Gait & Posture 42, S42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.06.082Meyer-Heim, A., van Hedel, HJA., 2013. Robot-assisted and computer-enhanced therapies for children with cerebral palsy: current state and slinical implementation. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 02, 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2013.06.006Mullen, T., Kothe, C., Chi, Y.M., Ojeda, A., Kerth, T., Makeig, S., Cauwenberghs, G., Jung, T.-P., 2013. Real-time modeling and 3d visualization of source dynamics and connectivity using wearable EEG. In Procceedings of IEEE EMBS, 2013, pp. 2184-2187.Mutsaarts, M., Steenbergen, B., Bekkering, H., 2007. Impaired motor imagery in right hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Experimental Brain Research, 172, 151-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-005-0327-0Niazi, I.K., Mrachacz-Kersting, N., Jiang, N., Dremstrup, K., Farina, D., 2012. Peripheral electrical stimulation triggered by self-paced detection of motor intention enhances motor evoked potentials. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 20(4), 595-604. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2012.2194309Pfurtscheller, G., da Silva, F. H. L. 1999. Event-related EEG/EMG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles, Clinical Neurophysiology, 110, 1842-1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00141-8Ridderinkhof, KR., Brass, M., 2015. How kinesthetic motor Imagery works: a predictive-processing theory of visualization in sports and motor expertise. Journal of Physiology, 109, 35-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2015.02.003Rose, FD., Brooks, BM., Rizzo A., 2005. Virtual reality in brain damage rehabilitation: review. Cyberpsychology Behavior, 8(3), 241-62. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.241Sharma, N., Baron, JC., 2013. Does motor imagery share neural networks with executed movement: a multivariate fMRI analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7:564. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00564Shin, Y.K., Lee, D.R., Hwang, H.J., You, S.J., Im, C.H., 2012. A novel EEG-based brain mapping to determine cortical activation patterns in normal children and children with cerebral palsy during motor imagery tasks. Neurorehabilitation, 31(4), 349-355. DOI: 10.3233/NRE-2012-00803Spruijt, S., ven der Kamp, J., Steenbergen, B., 2015. Current insights in the development of children's motor imagery ability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34, 4154-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.044Weiss, P.L., Keshner, EA., Levin, M.F. (eds.), 2014. Virtual Reality for Physical and Motor Rehabilitation, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0968-1Winkler, I., Haufe, S., Tangermann, M., 2011. Automatic classification of artifactual ICA-Components for artifact removal in EEG signals. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 7(30), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-7-30You, S.H., Jang, S.H., Kim, Y.H., Hallett, M., Ahn, S.H., Kwon, Y.H., Kim, J.H, Lee, M.Y., 2005. Virtual reality-induced cortical reorganization and associated locomotor recovery in chronic stroke: an experimenter-blind randomized study. Stroke, 36(6), 1166-1171. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000162715.43417.9
The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays.
It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level
and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the
atmosphere above the array. The "hybrid" detection mode combines the
information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the
hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in
coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A
detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is
crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of
monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the
fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are
used in both simulation and reconstruction.Comment: Paper accepted by Astroparticle Physic
Model-independent search for CP violation in D0→K−K+π−π+ and D0→π−π+π+π− decays
A search for CP violation in the phase-space structures of D0 and View the MathML source decays to the final states K−K+π−π+ and π−π+π+π− is presented. The search is carried out with a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. For the K−K+π−π+ final state, the four-body phase space is divided into 32 bins, each bin with approximately 1800 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 9.1%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 6.5% observed. The phase space of the π−π+π+π− final state is partitioned into 128 bins, each bin with approximately 2500 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 41%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 5.5% observed. All results are consistent with the hypothesis of no CP violation at the current sensitivity
Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the `ankle' in the cosmic-ray spectrum
We report a first measurement for ultra-high energy cosmic rays of the
correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water
Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence
and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation
measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with
sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an
accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux.
Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by
systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected
by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal
in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics
of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in
hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around
the `ankle' at differs significantly from
expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made
up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The
data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass . Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are
thus disfavoured as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray
flux at Earth.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report
Numbe
Search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓
A search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ is performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1 of pp collisions at √s=7 TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ candidates is consistent with background expectations. Upper limits on the branching fractions of both decays are determined to be B(Bs0→e±μ∓)101 TeV/c2 and MLQ(B0→e±μ∓)>126 TeV/c2 at 95% C.L., and are a factor of 2 higher than the previous bounds
A Historiometric Examination of Machiavellianism and a New Taxonomy of Leadership
Although researchers have extensively examined the relationship between charismatic leadership and Machiavellianism (Deluga, 2001; Gardner & Avolio, 1995; House & Howell, 1992), there has been a lack of investigation of Machiavellianism in relation to alternative forms of outstanding leadership. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between Machiavellianism and a new taxonomy of outstanding leadership comprised of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders. Using an historiometric approach, raters assessed Machiavellianism via the communications of 120 outstanding leaders in organizations across the domains of business, political, military, and religious institutions. Academic biographies were used to assess twelve general performance measures as well as twelve general controls and five communication specific controls. The results indicated that differing levels of Machiavellianism is evidenced across the differing leader types as well as differing leader orientation. Additionally, Machiavellianism appears negatively related to performance, though less so when type and orientation are taken into account.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
Study of the production of and hadrons in collisions and first measurement of the branching fraction
The product of the () differential production
cross-section and the branching fraction of the decay () is
measured as a function of the beauty hadron transverse momentum, ,
and rapidity, . The kinematic region of the measurements is and . The measurements use a data sample
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of collected by the
LHCb detector in collisions at centre-of-mass energies in 2011 and in 2012. Based on previous LHCb
results of the fragmentation fraction ratio, , the
branching fraction of the decay is
measured to be \begin{equation*} \mathcal{B}(\Lambda_b^0\rightarrow J/\psi
pK^-)= (3.17\pm0.04\pm0.07\pm0.34^{+0.45}_{-0.28})\times10^{-4},
\end{equation*} where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is
systematic, the third is due to the uncertainty on the branching fraction of
the decay , and the
fourth is due to the knowledge of . The sum of the
asymmetries in the production and decay between and
is also measured as a function of and .
The previously published branching fraction of , relative to that of , is updated.
The branching fractions of are determined.Comment: 29 pages, 19figures. All figures and tables, along with any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-032.htm
Measurements of long-range near-side angular correlations in TeV proton-lead collisions in the forward region
Two-particle angular correlations are studied in proton-lead collisions at a
nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of TeV, collected
with the LHCb detector at the LHC. The analysis is based on data recorded in
two beam configurations, in which either the direction of the proton or that of
the lead ion is analysed. The correlations are measured in the laboratory
system as a function of relative pseudorapidity, , and relative
azimuthal angle, , for events in different classes of event
activity and for different bins of particle transverse momentum. In
high-activity events a long-range correlation on the near side, , is observed in the pseudorapidity range . This
measurement of long-range correlations on the near side in proton-lead
collisions extends previous observations into the forward region up to
. The correlation increases with growing event activity and is found
to be more pronounced in the direction of the lead beam. However, the
correlation in the direction of the lead and proton beams are found to be
compatible when comparing events with similar absolute activity in the
direction analysed.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-040.htm
Evidence for the strangeness-changing weak decay
Using a collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity
of 3.0~fb, collected by the LHCb detector, we present the first search
for the strangeness-changing weak decay . No
hadron decay of this type has been seen before. A signal for this decay,
corresponding to a significance of 3.2 standard deviations, is reported. The
relative rate is measured to be
, where and
are the and fragmentation
fractions, and is the branching
fraction. Assuming is bounded between 0.1 and
0.3, the branching fraction would lie
in the range from to .Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, All figures and tables, along with any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-047.htm
flavour tagging using charm decays at the LHCb experiment
An algorithm is described for tagging the flavour content at production of
neutral mesons in the LHCb experiment. The algorithm exploits the
correlation of the flavour of a meson with the charge of a reconstructed
secondary charm hadron from the decay of the other hadron produced in the
proton-proton collision. Charm hadron candidates are identified in a number of
fully or partially reconstructed Cabibbo-favoured decay modes. The algorithm is
calibrated on the self-tagged decay modes and using of data collected by the LHCb
experiment at centre-of-mass energies of and
. Its tagging power on these samples of
decays is .Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
http://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-027.htm
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