STATE REGULATION AS A COMPREHENSIVE MECHANISM FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES

Objective: One of the key objectives of state regulation regional policy today remains the task of ensuring the sustainable development of territories. The goal of the study is to determine priority directions in state regulation aimed at ensuring the sustainable territorial development of Russia. The quality of state regulation is considered in the study as a crucial factor in the sustainability of regional development.Methodology: For this purpose, the use of the mechanisms of state management of territorial sustainable development in Russia and other states is compared and the absence or presence of certain mechanisms in Russian practice is noted. The main research methods were comparative method and survey study.Results: The paper reported the results of the analysis of the realization of state policy in ensuring the sustainable development of Russian territories. The authors examined positive international experience in the state regulation of regional development and studied its directions and the features of institutional interaction. The paper explored various components of a comprehensive mechanism for managing the sustainable development of Russian territories.Contribution: The suggested priority directions for state regulation of territorial sustainable development are strategic planning, the formation of a single management and monitoring center, the organization of management along the line center – regions – territories, as well as interregional interaction, and the development and use of integral indicators for assessing the achievement of sustainable development goals

Desenvolvimento do turismo regional: fatores que afetam a formação de competências profissionais em futuros profissionais do turismo

The socio-political changes faced by Russia force universities to adjust the theoretical training and practical skills of students. These changes need to focus on the development of domestic tourism in Russia. In one hand, this brings about the need for a large number of specialists in domestic tourism and, on the other hand, for systemic adjustments to the training of future specialists in the organization of tourism. Thus, the study aims to identify factors in the formation of professional competence in future specialists in the organization of regional tourism in higher education. These factors are established through analysis of scientific sources and the results of an expert survey. We have identified to two groups of the major factors that need to be taken into consideration when training specialists. The first group of factors affects the content of training and, in particular, includes targeted formation of student motivation to master professional skills and abilities in developing regional tourist products using national experience. The second group influences the methods of training (e.g. including the use of group training methods and interactive technologies). conclusions show that he effectiveness of the formation of the professional competence of future specialists in the organization of regional tourism will be ensured primarily by targeted formation of students' motivation to master professional skills and abilities to form a regional tourist product and the use of national experience of formation and implementation of regional tourist products in the activities of tourist enterprises. Moreover, such formation will be facilitated by the use of group teaching methods and interactive technologies in teaching the development of regional programs, as well as by opportunities to take internships in the tourism support system at national enterprises.Los cambios sociopolíticos a los que se enfrenta Rusia obligan a las universidades a ajustar la formación teórica y las habilidades prácticas de los estudiantes. Estos cambios deben centrarse en el desarrollo del turismo interno en Rusia. Por un lado, esto conlleva la necesidad de un gran número de especialistas en turismo interno y, por otro, de ajustes sistémicos en la formación de los futuros especialistas en la organización del turismo. El estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los factores en la formación de la competencia profesional en los futuros especialistas en la organización del turismo regional en la educación superior. Estos factores se establecen mediante el análisis de fuentes científicas y los resultados de una encuesta a expertos. Se han identificado dos grupos de los principales factores que hay que tener en cuenta en la formación de especialistas. El primer grupo afecta al contenido de la formación y, en particular, incluye la formación dirigida a la motivación de los estudiantes para dominar las habilidades y capacidades profesionales en el desarrollo de productos turísticos regionales utilizando la experiencia nacional. El segundo grupo influye en los métodos de formación (e.g. usando métodos de formación en grupo y tecnologías interactivas). Se puede decir que la eficacia de la formación de la competencia profesional de los futuros especialistas en la organización del turismo regional estará garantizada principalmente por la formación específica de la motivación de los estudiantes para dominar las habilidades y capacidades profesionales para formar un producto turístico regional y el uso de la experiencia nacional de formación e implementación de productos turísticos regionales en las actividades de las empresas turísticas. Además, dicha formación se verá facilitada por el uso de métodos de enseñanza en grupo y tecnologías interactivas en la enseñanza del desarrollo de programas regionales, así como por las oportunidades de realizar prácticas en el sistema de apoyo al turismo en empresas nacionales.As mudanças sócio-políticas enfrentadas pela Rússia obrigam as universidades a ajustar a formação teórica e as competências práticas dos estudantes. Estas mudanças têm de se concentrar no desenvolvimento do turismo interno na Rússia. Por um lado, isto traz a necessidade de um grande número de especialistas em turismo doméstico, e por outro, de ajustamentos sistêmicos na formação de futuros especialistas na organização do turismo. O estudo visa identificar fatores na formação de competência profissional em futuros especialistas na organização do turismo regional no ensino superior. Estes fatores são estabelecidos através da análise de fontes científicas e dos resultados de uma pesquisa com experts no tema. Identificam-se dois grupos dos principais fatores que precisam de ser tomados em consideração na formação de especialistas: o primeiro relacionado ao conteúdo da formação e, em particular, a formação orientada da motivação dos estudantes para dominarem as competências e capacidades profissionais no desenvolvimento de produtos turísticos regionais utilizando a experiência nacional. Jjá o segundo grupo influencia os métodos de treinamento (por exemplo, com o uso de métodos de treinamento em grupo e tecnologias interativas). Pode-se concluir que a eficácia da formação da competência profissional dos futuros especialistas na organização do turismo regional será assegurada principalmente pela formação orientada da motivação dos estudantes para dominar as habilidades e habilidades profissionais para formar um produto turístico regional e o uso da experiência nacional de formação e implementação de produtos turísticos regionais nas atividades das empresas turísticas. Além disso, tal formação deverá ser facilitada pelo uso de métodos de ensino em grupo e tecnologias interativas no ensino do desenvolvimento de programas regionais, bem como por oportunidades de fazer estágios no sistema de apoio ao turismo em empresas nacionais

The Influence of BYOD on Results of Students' Learning

This work analyzes the influence and efficiency of BYOD for learning students and academic perfection. The relevance of mobile technologies for learning has been substantiated. The influence of BYOD on academic performance of undergraduate students in terms of their test scores and final course marks, as well as on quality of work on selected course projects and on level of satisfaction with the BYOD course, has been experimentally studied. It has been proved that BYOD exerts positive influence on learning and academic achievements of students measured by their academic test scores, by their final marks and quality of their classroom work, as well as that the implementation of BYOD will stimulate and motivate students, thus affecting their level of involvement and creation of independent learning. The experimental results should be used as a guide for persons making decisions as well as for practical specialists in the field of education, especially in the area of BYOD and mobile learning, which will save significant expenses for stationary learning (for instance, concerning desktop computers, projectors, etc.). Scientific novelty of the studies is that the influence of BYOD on academic performance of students in terms of their test scores and final course marks, as well as on quality of students’ work on selected course projects and on level of satisfaction with the BYOD course, has been comprehensively analyzed

Cervicovaginal Complement Activation and Microbiota During Pregnancy and in Parturition

BackgroundVaginal microbiome and the local innate immune defense, including the complement system, contribute to anti- and proinflammatory homeostasis during pregnancy and parturition. The relationship between commensal vaginal bacteria and complement activation during pregnancy and delivery is not known. ObjectiveTo study the association of the cervicovaginal microbiota composition to activation and regulation of the complement system during pregnancy and labor. Study designWe recruited women during late pregnancy (weeks 41 + 5 to 42 + 0, n=48) and women in active labor (weeks 38 + 4 to 42 + 2, n=25). Mucosal swabs were taken from the external cervix and lateral fornix of the vagina. From the same sampling site, microbiota was analyzed with 16S RNA gene amplicon sequencing. A Western blot technique was used to detect complement C3, C4 and factor B activation and presence of complement inhibitors. For semiquantitative analysis, the bands of the electrophoresed proteins in gels were digitized on a flatbed photo scanner and staining intensities were analyzed using ImageJ/Fiji win-64 software. Patient data was collected from medical records and questionnaires. ResultsThe vaginal microbiota was Lactobacillus-dominant in most of the samples (n=60), L. iners and L. crispatus being the dominant species. L. gasseri and L. jensenii were found to be more abundant during pregnancy than active labor. L. jensenii abundance correlated with C4 activation during pregnancy but not in labor. Gardnerella vaginalis was associated with C4 activation both during pregnancy and labor. The amount of L. gasseri correlated with factor B activation during pregnancy but not during labor. Atopobium vaginae was more abundant during pregnancy than labor and correlated with C4 activation during labor and with factor B activation during pregnancy. Activation of the alternative pathway factor B was significantly stronger during pregnancy compared to labor. During labor complement activation may be inhibited by the abundant presence of factor H and FHL1. ConclusionsThese results indicate that bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiota could have a role in the local activation and regulation of complement-mediated inflammation during pregnancy. At the time of parturition complement activation appears to be more strictly regulated than during pregnancy.Peer reviewe

Clinical course of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 under active surveillance : systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE To estimate the regression, persistence, and progression of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) lesions managed conservatively as well as compliance with follow-up protocols. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from 1 January 1973 to 20 August 2016. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies reporting on outcomes of histologically confirmed CIN2 in non-pregnant women, managed conservatively for three or more months. DATA SYNTHESIS Two reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Random effects model was used to calculate pooled proportions for each outcome, and heterogeneity was assessed using I-2 statistics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of regression, persistence, or progression of CIN2 and default rates at different follow-up time points (3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months). RESULTS 36 studies that included 3160 women were identified (seven randomised trials, 16 prospective cohorts, and 13 retrospective cohorts; 50% of the studies were at low risk of bias). At 24 months, the pooled rates were 50% (11 studies, 819/1470 women, 95% confidence interval 43% to 57%; I-2= 77%) for regression, 32% (eight studies, 334/1257 women, 23% to 42%; I-2= 82%) for persistence, and 18% (nine studies, 282/1445 women, 11% to 27%; I-2= 90%) for progression. In a subgroup analysis including 1069 women aged less than 30 years, the rates were 60% (four studies, 638/1069 women, 57% to 63%; I-2= 0%), 23% (two studies, 226/938 women, 20% to 26%; I-2= 97%), and 11% (three studies, 163/1033 women, 5% to 19%; I-2= 67%), respectively. The rate of non-compliance (at six to 24 months of follow-up) in prospective studies was around 10%. CONCLUSIONS Most CIN2 lesions, particularly in young women (<30 years), regress spontaneously. Active surveillance, rather than immediate intervention, is therefore justified, especially among young women who are likely to adhere to monitoring.Peer reviewe

Clinical course of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 under active surveillance: systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVETo estimate the regression, persistence, and progression of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) lesions managed conservatively as well as compliance with follow-up protocols.DESIGNSystematic review and meta-analysis.DATA SOURCESMedline, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from 1 January 1973 to 20 August 2016.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIAStudies reporting on outcomes of histologically confirmed CIN2 in non-pregnant women, managed conservatively for three or more months.DATA SYNTHESISTwo reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Random effects model was used to calculate pooled proportions for each outcome, and heterogeneity was assessed using I-2 statistics.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESRates of regression, persistence, or progression of CIN2 and default rates at different follow-up time points (3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months).RESULTS36 studies that included 3160 women were identified (seven randomised trials, 16 prospective cohorts, and 13 retrospective cohorts; 50% of the studies were at low risk of bias). At 24 months, the pooled rates were 50% (11 studies, 819/1470 women, 95% confidence interval 43% to 57%; I-2= 77%) for regression, 32% (eight studies, 334/1257 women, 23% to 42%; I-2= 82%) for persistence, and 18% (nine studies, 282/1445 women, 11% to 27%; I-2= 90%) for progression. In a subgroup analysis including 1069 women aged less than 30 years, the rates were 60% (four studies, 638/1069 women, 57% to 63%; I-2= 0%), 23% (two studies, 226/938 women, 20% to 26%; I-2= 97%), and 11% (three studies, 163/1033 women, 5% to 19%; I-2= 67%), respectively. The rate of non-compliance (at six to 24 months of follow-up) in prospective studies was around 10%.CONCLUSIONSMost CIN2 lesions, particularly in young women (< 30 years), regress spontaneously. Active surveillance, rather than immediate intervention, is therefore justified, especially among young women who are likely to adhere to monitoring.</p

Consequences of the Timing of Menarche on Female Adolescent Sleep Phase Preference

Most parents experience their children's puberty as a dramatic change in family life. This is not surprising considering the dynamics of physical and psychosocial maturation which occur during adolescence. A reasonable question, particularly from the parents' perspective, is: when does this vibrant episode end and adulthood finally start? The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between puberty and the changes in sleep phase preferences during female maturation and adulthood by a cross-sectional survey. The results from 1'187 females aged 5 to 51 years based on self-report measures of sleep preferences on weekdays and on free days as well as the occurrence of menarche, show that in contrast to prepubertal children, adolescent females exhibit a striking progression in delaying their sleep phase preference until 5 years after menarche. Thereafter, the sleep phase preference switches to advancing. The current study provides evidence that a clear shift in sleep-wake cycles temporally linked to menarche heralds the beginning of “adult-like” sleep-wake behaviour in women and can be used as a (chrono)biological marker for the onset of adulthood