627 research outputs found
Albumin-Associated Lipids Regulate Human Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal
BACKGROUND: Although human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise as a source of differentiated cells to treat several human diseases, many obstacles still need to be surmounted before this can become a reality. First among these, a robust chemically-defined system to expand hESCs in culture is still unavailable despite recent advances in the understanding of factors controlling hESC self-renewal. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we attempted to find new molecules that stimulate long term hESC self-renewal. In order to do this, we started from the observation that a commercially available serum replacement product has a strong positive effect on the expansion of undifferentiated hESCs when added to a previously reported chemically-defined medium. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the active ingredient within the serum replacement is lipid-rich albumin. Furthermore, we show that this activity is trypsin-resistant, strongly suggesting that lipids and not albumin are responsible for the effect. Consistent with this, lipid-poor albumin shows no detectable activity. Finally, we identified the major lipids bound to the lipid-rich albumin and tested several lipid candidates for the effect. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our discovery of the role played by albumin-associated lipids in stimulating hESC self-renewal constitutes a significant advance in the knowledge of how hESC pluripotency is maintained by extracellular factors and has important applications in the development of increasingly chemically defined hESC culture systems
Evaluating the maintenance of disease-associated variation at the blood group-related gene B4galnt2 in house mice
Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at â s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fbâ1 of â s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente
Human embryonic stem cell cultivation: historical perspective and evolution of xeno-free culture systems
Endocytic regulation of alkali metal transport proteins in mammals, yeast and plants
The relative concentrations of ions and solutes inside cells are actively maintained by several classes of transport proteins, in many cases against their concentration gradient. These transport processes, which consume a large portion of cellular energy, must be constantly regulated. Many structurally distinct families of channels, carriers, and pumps have been characterized in considerable detail during the past decades and defects in the function of some of these proteins have been linked to a growing list of human diseases. The dynamic regulation of the transport proteins present at the cell surface is vital for both normal cellular function and for the successful adaptation to changing environments. The composition of proteins present at the cell surface is controlled on both the transcriptional and post-translational level. Post-translational regulation involves highly conserved mechanisms of phosphorylation- and ubiquitylation-dependent signal transduction routes used to modify the cohort of receptors and transport proteins present under any given circumstances. In this review, we will summarize what is currently known about one facet of this regulatory process: the endocytic regulation of alkali metal transport proteins. The physiological relevance, major contributors, parallels and missing pieces of the puzzle in mammals, yeast and plants will be discussed.This work was supported by grant BFU2011-30197-C03-03 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain). V.L.-T. is supported by a fellowship from the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia. C. P. is supported by a fellowship from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain).Mulet Salort, JM.; Llopis Torregrosa, V.; Primo Planta, C.; Marques Romero, MC.; Yenush, L. (2013). 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Search for High-Mass Resonances Decaying to ÏÎœ in pp Collisions at âs=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
A search for high-mass resonances decaying to ÏÎœ using proton-proton collisions at âs=13 TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider is presented. Only Ï-lepton decays with hadrons in the final state are considered. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fbâ1. No statistically significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed; model-independent upper limits are set on the visible ÏÎœ production cross section. Heavy WâČ bosons with masses less than 3.7 TeV in the sequential standard model and masses less than 2.2â3.8 TeV depending on the coupling in the nonuniversal G(221) model are excluded at the 95% credibility level
Search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with tau leptons in âs=13 TeV collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with at least two hadronically decaying tau leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fbâ1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV.Nosignificant deviation from the expected Standard Model background is observed. Limits are derived in scenarios of ËÏ+1 ËÏâ1 pair production and of Ëϱ1 ËÏ02 and ËÏ+1 ËÏâ1 production in simplified models where the neutralinos and charginos decay solely via intermediate left-handed staus and tau sneutrinos, and the mass of the Ë ÏL state is set to be halfway between the masses of the Ëϱ1 and the ËÏ01. Chargino masses up to 630 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level in the scenario of direct production of ËÏ+1 ËÏâ1 for a massless ËÏ01. Common Ëϱ1 and ËÏ02 masses up to 760 GeV are excluded in the case of production of Ëϱ1 ËÏ02 and ËÏ+1 ËÏâ1 assuming a massless ËÏ01. Exclusion limits for additional benchmark scenarios with large and small mass-splitting between the Ëϱ1 and the ËÏ01 are also studied by varying the Ë ÏL mass between the masses of the Ëϱ1 and the ËÏ01
Combined measurement of differential and total cross sections in the HâŻââŻÎłÎł and the HâŻââŻZZ*âŻââŻ4â decay channels at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
A combined measurement of differential and inclusive total cross sections of Higgs boson production is performed using 36.1 fbâ1 of 13 TeV protonâproton collision data produced by the LHC and recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. Cross sections are obtained from measured Hâγγ and HâZZ*(â4â event yields, which are combined taking into account detector efficiencies, resolution, acceptances and branching fractions. The total Higgs boson production cross section is measured to be 57.0â5.9 +6.0 (stat.) â3.3 +4.0 (syst.) pb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction. Differential cross-section measurements are presented for the Higgs boson transverse momentum distribution, Higgs boson rapidity, number of jets produced together with the Higgs boson, and the transverse momentum of the leading jet. The results from the two decay channels are found to be compatible, and their combination agrees with the Standard Model predictions
Measurement of differential cross sections and W + /W â cross-section ratios for W boson production in association with jets at âs =8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
This paper presents a measurement of the W boson production cross section and the W + /W â cross-section ratio, both in association with jets, in proton--proton collisions at s â =8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in final states containing one electron and missing transverse momentum using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb â1 . Differential cross sections for events with one or two jets are presented for a range of observables, including jet transverse momenta and rapidities, the scalar sum of transverse momenta of the visible particles and the missing transverse momentum in the event, and the transverse momentum of the W boson. For a subset of the observables, the differential cross sections of positively and negatively charged W bosons are measured separately. In the cross-section ratio of W + /W â the dominant systematic uncertainties cancel out, improving the measurement precision by up to a factor of nine. The observables and ratios selected for this paper provide valuable input for the up quark, down quark, and gluon parton distribution functions of the proto
Measurement of the cross section for inclusive isolated-photon production in pp collisions at âs=13TeV using the ATLAS detector
Inclusive isolated-photon production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeVis studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a data set with an integrated luminosity of 3.2fbâ1. The cross section is measured as a function of the photon transverse energy above 125GeVin different regions of photon pseudorapidity. Next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD and Monte Carlo event-generator predictions are compared to the cross-section measurements and provide an adequate description of the data
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