519 research outputs found
Ability of Dental Students to Deliver Oxygen in a Medical Emergency
This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of dental students to administer emergency oxygen to a patient during a simulated emergency. Forty thirdâyear (D3) and fourthâyear (D4) dental students were recruited and asked to demonstrate their ability in managing a simulated angina attack. Students were tested on their knowledge related to emergency medical protocols, the time taken to obtain oxygen, and operation of the oxygen equipment. Of the subjects tested, 68 percent independently identified the need for oxygen and the correct location of the equipment in the dental school. Only 15 percent of the students completed the experiment within a predetermined optimal time frame, and 50 percent of all students did not successfully operate the tank regulator to administer oxygen correctly. Although most participants in the study were able to verbalize the proper protocol for managing medical emergencies, the chairside execution in this situation demonstrates room for improvement. Incorporation of periodic simulation exercises, in addition to classroom education, is likely to improve the ability of dental students to manage medical emergencies.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153567/1/jddj002203372009734tb04721x.pd
SimulationâBased Medical Emergencies Education for Dental Students: A ThreeâYear Evaluation
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153561/1/jddjde019084.pd
Intrinsic random walks in Riemannian and sub-Riemannian geometry via volume sampling
We relate some basic constructions of stochastic analysis to differential geometry, via random walk approximations. We consider walks on both Riemannian and sub-Riemannian manifolds in which the steps consist of travel along either geodesics or integral curves associated to orthonormal frames, and we give particular attention to walks where the choice of step is influenced by a volume on the manifold. A primary motivation is to explore how one can pass, in the parabolic scaling limit, from geodesics, orthonormal frames, and/or volumes to diffusions, and hence their infinitesimal generators, on sub-Riemannian manifolds, which is interesting in light of the fact that there is no completely canonical notion of sub-Laplacian on a general sub-Riemannian manifold. However, even in the Riemannian case, this random walk approach illuminates the geometric significance of Ito and Stratonovich stochastic differential equations as well as the role played by the volume
Dental studentsâ ability to locate emergency equipmentâlessons learned from aviation
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental studentâs ability to locate medical emergency equipment/items at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry clinic.MethodsA total of 138 secondâyear dental students (traditional group) participated in this study as part of a simulationâbased medical emergencies rotation course held during the winter term of 2014 and 2015. Without prior training, students were tested on their ability to locate nine predetermined items on the clinic floor using a selfâreported checklist. Six months later, a convenience sample of 18 students (novel group) from the same cohort were later trained on their location and retested individually.ResultsOf the 138 students tested, only 10.14% students could locate seven of the nine items when compared to 100% in the novel group. Only 5.07% of students in the traditional group could locate all items initially, compared with 72.22% students in the novel group.ConclusionWhilst our students have lectureâbased knowledge about medical emergencies, the results of our study identified a gap of knowledge of emergency equipment/item location amongst students. Therefore, an intervention performed with a similar group of secondâyear dental students supported that proper training may be used to achieve retention of knowledge. Based on our ânovel groupâ results, we have incorporated targeted training in the dental curriculum that leads to students being better prepared in locating emergency equipment/items. This study suggests that other populations, such as faculty or staff, may also benefit from handsâon training.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142451/1/eje12251.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142451/2/eje12251_am.pd
Breast Mass Characterization Using 3âDimensional Automated Ultrasound as an Adjunct to Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135628/1/jum201332193.pd
Polarised Quark Distributions in the Nucleon from Semi-Inclusive Spin Asymmetries
We present a measurement of semi-inclusive spin asymmetries for positively
and negatively charged hadrons from deep inelastic scattering of polarised
muons on polarised protons and deuterons in the range 1
GeV. Compared to our previous publication on this subject, with the new
data the statistical errors have been reduced by nearly a factor of two.
From these asymmetries and our inclusive spin asymmetries we determine the
polarised quark distributions of valence quarks and non-strange sea quarks at
=10 GeV. The polarised valence quark distribution, , is positive and the polarisation increases with . The polarised
valence quark distribution, , is negative and the non-strange
sea distribution, , is consistent with zero over the measured
range of . We find for the first moments , and
, where we assumed
. We also determine for the first time the
second moments of the valence distributions .Comment: 17 page
Large enhancement of deuteron polarization with frequency modulated microwaves
We report a large enhancement of 1.7 in deuteron polarization up to values of
0.6 due to frequency modulation of the polarizing microwaves in a two liters
polarized target using the method of dynamic nuclear polarization. This target
was used during a deep inelastic polarized muon-deuteron scattering experiment
at CERN. Measurements of the electron paramagnetic resonance absorption spectra
show that frequency modulation gives rise to additional microwave absorption in
the spectral wings. Although these results are not understood theoretically,
they may provide a useful testing ground for the deeper understanding of
dynamic nuclear polarization.Comment: 10 pages, including the figures coming in uuencoded compressed tar
files in poltar.uu, which also brings cernart.sty and crna12.sty files neede
Spin Structure of the Proton from Polarized Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Muon-Proton Scattering
We have measured the spin-dependent structure function in inclusive
deep-inelastic scattering of polarized muons off polarized protons, in the
kinematic range and . A
next-to-leading order QCD analysis is used to evolve the measured
to a fixed . The first moment of at is .
This result is below the prediction of the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule by more than
two standard deviations. The singlet axial charge is found to be . In the Adler-Bardeen factorization scheme, is
required to bring in agreement with the Quark-Parton Model. A
combined analysis of all available proton and deuteron data confirms the
Bjorken sum rule.Comment: 33 pages, 22 figures, uses ReVTex and smc.sty. submitted to Physical
Review
Assessment of Response to Neoadjuvant Systemic Treatment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Functional Tumor Volumes from Longitudinal Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Early assessment of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) response for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is critical for patient care in order to avoid the unnecessary toxicity of an ineffective treatment. We assessed functional tumor volumes (FTVs) from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI after 2 cycles (C2) and 4 cycles (C4) of NAST as predictors of response in TNBC. A group of 100 patients with stage I-III TNBC who underwent DCE MRI at baseline, C2, and C4 were included in this study. Tumors were segmented on DCE images of 1 min and 2.5 min post-injection. FTVs were measured using the optimized percentage enhancement (PE) and signal enhancement ratio (SER) thresholds. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the performance of the FTVs at C2 and C4. Of the 100 patients, 49 (49%) had a pathologic complete response (pCR) and 51 (51%) had a non-pCR. The maximum area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting the treatment response was 0.84 (p \u3c 0.001) for FTV at C4 followed by FTV at C2 (AUC = 0.82, p \u3c 0.001). The FTV measured at baseline was not able to discriminate pCR from non-pCR. FTVs measured on DCE MRI at C2, as well as at C4, of NAST can potentially predict pCR and non-pCR in TNBC patients
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