Vietnam (2013): TRaC behavioral survey among female sex workers and female sex workers who inject drugs in 7 provinces of Vietnam. Round 3.

The 2012 SW & SW-IDU Behavioral Survey is the third and final round of this survey conducted by the USAID Social Marketing for HIV Prevention Project with USAID/PEPFAR support. Research objectives include to monitor changes in risk reduction behaviors and factors associated with key behavioral indicators over time, as outlined in PMEP, to evaluate correlation between project coverage and changes in key PMEP behavioral and determinant indicators, to provide data/evidence to support the Low Dead S pace (LDS) syringe SM pilot, and to inform total market approach programming. Study respondents were recruited through RDS to facilitate reach of hidden SWs. A structured questionnaire was used, estimated to take 30-45 minutes to complete for each participan

Femmes engagées

Le rôle des femmes immigrées dans les mouvements sociaux des sociétés où elles vivent en exil émerge comme nouveau domaine de recherches. L’engagement de ces femmes s’affirme sur tous les fronts. Ce numéro analyse la chronologie de leurs mobilisations depuis les années 1970, à la suite d’un travail de politisation des enjeux rattachés à leurs réalités migratoires et montre comment les luttes des jeunes générations font des identités multiples le terrain de leur émancipation

CREB activity in the nucleus accumbens shell controls gating of behavioral responses to emotional stimuli

The transcription factor cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) has been shown to regulate neural plasticity. Drugs of abuse activate CREB in the nucleus accumbens, an important part of the brain's reward pathways, and local manipulations of CREB activity have been shown to affect cocaine reward, suggesting an active role of CREB in adaptive processes that follow exposure to drugs of abuse. Using CRE-LacZ reporter mice, we show that not only rewarding stimuli such as morphine, but also aversive stimuli such as stress, activate CRE-mediated transcription in the nucleus accumbens shell. Using viral-mediated gene transfer to locally alter the activity of CREB, we show that this manipulation affects morphine reward, as well as the preference for sucrose, a more natural reward. We then show that local changes in CREB activity induce a more general syndrome, by altering reactions to anxiogenic, aversive, and nociceptive stimuli as well. Increased CREB activity in the nucleus accumbens shell decreases an animal's responses to each of these stimuli, whereas decreased CREB activity induces an opposite phenotype. These results show that environmental stimuli regulate CRE-mediated transcription within the nucleus accumbens shell, and that changes in CREB activity within this brain area subsequently alter gating between emotional stimuli and their behavioral responses. This control appears to be independent of the intrinsic appetitive or aversive value of the stimulus. The potential relevance of these data to addiction and mood disorders is discussed