„Sie wissen ja, welche Schätze sie im Kollegium haben“ – Der Einsatz förderpädagogischer Lehrkräfte in Grundschulen aus der Perspektive der Educational-Governance

Der Beitrag untersucht aus der Perspektive der Educational Governance, wie und durch welche Akteure des Mehrebenensystems Schule der Einsatz förderpädagogischer Lehrkräfte an Grundschulen im Kontext inklusiver Bildung gesteuert wird. Die Grundlage hierfür bilden Erhebungen in vier deutschen Bundesländern, die von 2018 bis 2021 durchgeführt wurden. Es zeigt sich eine als „fragmentarisch“ bezeichnete Steuerung, die sich vornehmlich auf Maßnahmen der Inputsteuerung beschränkt und Elemente der Outputsteuerung weitgehend außen vor lässt. Innerschulisch können verschiedene Verhandlungsmodi über den Einsatz der förderpädagogischen Lehrkräfte gefunden werden. Es erfolgt eine Verlagerung der Verantwortung für die Ausgestaltung inklusiver Bildung auf die Einzelschule und insbesondere auf die förderpädagogischen Lehrkräfte.From the perspective of educational governance, the paper examines how and by which actors of the multilevel school system the job clarification of special educational needs teachers in primary schools in the context of inclusive education is regulated. The analysis is based on surveys conducted in four german federal states from 2018 to 2021. The results show a “fragmentary form” of management, which is primarily limited to measures of input control and largely excludes elements of output control. Within the schools, various modes of negotiation about the use of special educational needs teachers were found. The responsibility for the design of inclusive education is shifted to the individual school and in particular to the special educational needs teachers

A dCas9-based system identifies a central role for Ctf19 in kinetochore-derived suppression of meiotic recombination

In meiosis, crossover (CO) formation between homologous chromosomes is essential for faithful segregation. However, misplaced meiotic recombination can have catastrophic consequences on genome stability. Within pericentromeres, COs are associated with meiotic chromosome missegregation. In organisms ranging from yeast to humans, pericentromeric COs are repressed. We previously identified a role for the kinetochore-associated Ctf19 complex (Ctf19c) in pericentromeric CO suppression. Here, we develop a dCas9/CRISPR-based system that allows ectopic targeting of Ctf19c-subunits. Using this approach, we query sufficiency in meiotic CO suppression, and identify Ctf19 as a mediator of kinetochore-associated CO control. The effect of Ctf19 is encoded in its NH2-terminal tail, and depends on residues important for the recruitment of the Scc2-Scc4 cohesin regulator. This work provides insight into kinetochore-derived control of meiotic recombination. We establish an experimental platform to investigate and manipulate meiotic CO control. This platform can easily be adapted in order to investigate other aspects of chromosome biology

The kinetochore prevents centromere-proximal crossover recombination during meiosis

During meiosis, crossover recombination is essential to link homologous chromosomes and drive faithful chromosome segregation. Crossover recombination is non-random across the genome, and centromere-proximal crossovers are associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy, including Trisomy 21 in humans. Here, we identify the conserved Ctf19/CCAN kinetochore sub-complex as a major factor that minimizes potentially deleterious centromere-proximal crossovers in budding yeast. We uncover multi-layered suppression of pericentromeric recombination by the Ctf19 complex, operating across distinct chromosomal distances. The Ctf19 complex prevents meiotic DNA break formation, the initiating event of recombination, proximal to the centromere. The Ctf19 complex independently drives the enrichment of cohesin throughout the broader pericentromere to suppress crossovers, but not DNA breaks. This non-canonical role of the kinetochore in defining a chromosome domain that is refractory to crossovers adds a new layer of functionality by which the kinetochore prevents the incidence of chromosome segregation errors that generate aneuploid gametes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10850.00

Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers

Correction: Nature Communications 10 (2019): art. 4386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12095-8Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer (r(g) = 0.57, p = 4.6 x 10(-8)), breast and ovarian cancer (r(g) = 0.24, p = 7 x 10(-5)), breast and lung cancer (r(g) = 0.18, p = 1.5 x 10(-6)) and breast and colorectal cancer (r(g) = 0.15, p = 1.1 x 10(-4)). We also found that multiple cancers are genetically correlated with non-cancer traits including smoking, psychiatric diseases and metabolic characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant excess contribution of conserved and regulatory regions to cancer heritability. Our comprehensive analysis of cross-cancer heritability suggests that solid tumors arising across tissues share in part a common germline genetic basis.Peer reviewe

Inklusive Diagnostik als Professionalisierungs- und Schulentwicklungsaufgabe

Der Beitrag thematisiert die Entstehung und Entwicklung der sonderpädagogischen Diagnostik in Deutschland vor dem Hintergrund professionstheoretischer Entwicklungen. Diskutiert werden Differenzlinien zu pädagogischer Diagnostik und Anknüpfungspunkte zu Förderdiagnostik und Lernverlaufsdiagnostik sowie Aufgaben- und Zuständigkeitsverteilungen zwischen allgemeinpädagogischen und sonderpädagogischen Lehrkräften. Wie die unterschiedlichen Ziele von Diagnostik sowie die Expertisen und Perspektiven der Lehrkräfte für eine inklusive Unterrichtsgestaltung und eine wirksame (sonder-)pädagogische Förderung in multiprofessioneller Verantwortung genutzt werden können (und genutzt werden), ist eine Frage der Schulentwicklung, die bislang kaum bearbeitet wurde, sich aber als anschlussfähig an Diskurse zur multiprofessionellen Kooperation und ihren Voraussetzungen erweist. (DIPF/Orig.

eLife_Dryad_Recombine_data

analysis files from the Recombine software for clb2-iml3 tetrad

Handbuch sonderpädagogische Diagnostik

Das Herausgeberwerk sammelt Beiträge für das Handbuch sonderpädagogische Diagnostik. Das Handbuch richtet sich an Studierende des Lehramts

Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers

Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer (rg = 0.57, p = 4.6 × 10−8), breast and ovarian cancer (rg = 0.24, p = 7 × 10−5), breast and lung cancer (rg = 0.18, p =1.5 × 10−6) and breast and colorectal cancer (rg = 0.15, p = 1.1 × 10−4). We also found that multiple cancers are genetically correlated with non-cancer traits including smoking, psychiatric diseases and metabolic characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant excess contribution of conserved and regulatory regions to cancer heritability. Our comprehensive analysis of cross-cancer heritability suggests that solid tumors arising across tissues share in part a common germline genetic basis