Decompression of Facial Nerve after Temporal Bone Fracture: about 20 Cases

Background: Seven to ten percent of facial nerve paralysis occurs in patients with temporal bone fracture. It has become increasingly common due to the development of human activity. One of the main topics of discussion is facial nerve injury management resulting from temporal bone trauma. The purpose of this study is to report the paralysis of facial nerve after temporal bone fractures. Aim: In this study, our goal was to record the facial profile of rhinoplasty applicants in Shiraz. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 20 cases of traumatic paralysis of facial nerve, which underwent facial nerve decompression. Results: Recovery rate was correlated to the delay of surgery. 83.3% of patients who underwent decompression surgery within the first 2 weeks after trauma had an excellent therapeutic outcome (HB grading I-II) and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.000). Conclusion: Facial nerve paralysis surgical management after bone fracture is controversial. The decision must be taken according to the type of paralysis and the radiological electrophysiological and evolutionary data

Study The Proton Momentum Distribution of The 51V (γ,p)50Ti Reaction at Energy of 59.2 Mev

The technique developed by Findlay and Owens for the extraction of a consistently effective momentum distribution from the 51V (γ,p)50Ti reaction data is applied to the cross sections obtained for each of the discrete low lying excited states ( 0.0 , 1.6 , 2.7 , 3.2 , 3.8 , 4.4 and 6.0 ) MeV ,respectively.The momentum density and momentum mismatch have been calculated using the method of Findlay and Owens for each excited state. This program has been written for this purpose using Fortran-77 language.The momentum scaled distribution would illustrate that the simple Direct Knockout Model (DKM) behavior observed in the (γ,p) reaction could be regarded as evidence for the importance of the DKM process in the (γ,p) reaction. Clearly the application of the procedure given by Findlay and Owens leads to a more consistent momentum distributio

Huge desmoid tumor of the anterior abdominal wall mimicking an intraabdominal mass in a postpartum woman: a case report

Desmoid tumors are benign neoplasms that most often arise from muscle aponeurosis and have been associated with both trauma and pregnancy. The etiology of desmoids has not been determined. We report the case of anterior abdominal wall desmoid tumor in a female patient with previous history of cesarean section. Preoperative ultrasound and computed tomography demonstrated a large mass mimicking a large hematoma or an intraabdominal mass. The tumor was removed by wide excision with safe margins. The abdominal wall defect was reconstructed with polypropylene mesh. Subsequent histology revealed a desmoid tumor. Desmoid tumors in females are often associated with pregnancy or occur post-partum. The reasons behind this association are unclear. The most common sites are in the abdominal muscles.Pan African Medical Journal 2013; 14:5

Pengaruh tahap stres terhadap kepuasan kerja dalam Kalangan pengajar kolej vokasional di Negeri Pahang

Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengkaji mengenai pengaruh stres terhadap kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan pengajar KV di negeri Pahang dengan memberikan tumpuan kepada tiga aspek iaitu aspek beban kerja, aspek karenah pelajar serta aspek penghargaan dan sokongan. Seramai 240 orang responden yang terdiri daripada kalangan pengajar di lapan buah KV di negeri Pahang telah dipilih secara rawak mudah. Nilai kebolehpercayaan Alpha Cronbach bagi keseluruhan soal selidik ini ialah 0.898. Soal selidik berkaitan pengaruh stres terhadap kepuasan kerja dibina sendiri dan selebihnya diubahsuai berpandukan instrumen yang digunakan oleh penyelidik terdahulu bagi menyediakan pelbagai jenis soalan berdasarkan objektif kajian. Kajian sebenar dijalankan dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik mengandungi 58 item soalan kepada 240 responden. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 22. Analisis statistik deskriptif iaitu skor min dan sisihan piawai digunakan bagi mengenal pasti tahap stres bagi aspek beban tugas, karenah pelajar serta penghargaan dan sokongan dalam kalangan pengajar. Manakala analisis ujian regrasi pelbagai digunakan bagi mengesan pengaruh stres terhadap kepuasan kerja. Dapatan kajian mendapati min keseluruhan tahap stres bagi aspek beban tugas dan karenah pelajar adalah sederhana dengan nilai skor min 3.49. Manakala hasil dapatan keseluruhan nilai min bagi konstruk tahap stres aspek penghargaan dan sokongan berada pada tahap yang tinggi iaitu 3.81. Dapatan analisis ujian regrasi pelbagai pula menunjukkan tahap stres bagi aspek beban tugas, aspek karenah pelajar dan aspek penghargaan dan sokongan mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja. Oleh itu, beberapa cadangan telah dikemukakan dalam kajian ini dalam usaha menangani stres yang berterusan serta boleh mempengaruhi tahap kepuasan kerja. Antara cadangan pengkaji adalah tenaga pengajar diberi lebih banyak pendedahan berkaitan perubahan sistem pendidikan vokasional yang dialami sekarang agar mereka lebih bersedia dalam menggalas tugas yang baharu seterusmya akan memberi kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan pengajar KV

Suitability of the Openly Accessible 3D Printed Prosthetic Hands for War-Wounded Children

The field of rehabilitation and assistive devices is being disrupted by innovations in desktop 3D printers and open-source designs. For upper limb prosthetics, those technologies have demonstrated a strong potential to aid those with missing hands. However, there are basic interfacing issues that need to be addressed for long term usage. The functionality, durability, and the price need to be considered especially for those in difficult living conditions. We evaluated the most popular designs of body-powered, 3D printed prosthetic hands. We selected a representative sample and evaluated its suitability for its grasping postures, durability, and cost. The prosthetic hand can perform three grasping postures out of the 33 grasps that a human hand can do. This corresponds to grasping objects similar to a coin, a golf ball, and a credit card. Results showed that the material used in the hand and the cables can withstand a 22 N normal grasping force, which is acceptable based on standards for accessibility design. The cost model showed that a 3D printed hand could be produced for as low as $19. For the benefit of children with congenital missing limbs and for the war-wounded, the results can serve as a baseline study to advance the development of prosthetic hands that are functional yet low-cost

Enhancing Crash Data Reporting to Highway Safety Partners in Wyoming by Utilizing Big Data Analysis and Survey Techniques

Road safety is a crucial topic of transportation engineering. The Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) collects such data from police crash reports and roadway inventories. WYDOT also provides those data to its partner groups in the form of data records or summary statistics documented in periodical reports. The groups include the Wyoming Seat Belt Coalition, the Wyoming Highway Patrol, the Wyoming Association of Sheriffs and Chiefs of Police, the Wyoming Transportation Safety Coalition, the Governor\u2019s Council on Impaired Driving, Wyoming\u2019s counties, the Wyoming Bicycle and Pedestrian System Task Force, and motorcycle groups. In this research, surveys were prepared, distributed to, and collected from those groups asking about the quality of the data they receive from WYDOT, particularly when it comes to data provision frequencies and unreported data that would be beneficial to those groups. In addition, big data analyses were conducted to evaluate human factors influencing crash occurrences and data provision frequencies. This research\u2019s efforts culminated in lists of recommendations to WYDOT regarding the provision of higher quality data at appropriate frequencies to its partners

Comparative Study of the Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Nutritional Practices Among International Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: A Sample of 1420 Participants from 14 Countries

BACKGROUND: Although several studies have shown that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown has had negative impacts on mental health and eating behaviors among the general population and athletes, few studies have examined the long-term effects on elite and sub-elite athletes. The present study aimed to investigate the long-term impact of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health and eating behaviors in elite versus sub-elite athletes two years into the pandemic. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted between March and April 2022, involving athletes from 14 countries, using a convenient non-probabilistic and snowball sampling method. A total of 1420 athletes (24.5 ± 7.9 years old, 569 elites, 35% women, and 851 sub-elites, 45% women) completed an online survey-based questionnaire. The questionnaire included a sociodemographic survey, information about the COVID-19 pandemic, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) for mental health assessment, and the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants (REAP-S) for assessing eating behavior. RESULTS: The results showed that compared to sub-elite athletes, elite athletes had lower scores on the DASS-21 (p = .001) and its subscales of depression (p = .003), anxiety (p = .007), and stress (p < .001), as well as a lower REAP-S score indicating lower diet quality (p = .013). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, two years into the pandemic, elite athletes were likelier to have better mental health profiles than sub-elite athletes but surprisingly had lower diet quality

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020

The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings. EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise. The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included.Peer reviewe

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations