Deficiencias nutricionales en el cultivo de frijol (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) | Nutritional deficiencies in the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Crop

El diagnóstico de las deficiencias nutricionales de los cultivos, permite ajustar las prácticas de fertilización para alcanzar los rendimientos económicos esperados. Para determinar deficiencias nutricionales en el frijol, se realizó una investigación mediante la técnica del elemento faltante en hidroponía. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en la Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela. Se usó solución Hoagland con todos los nutrientes o restándole cada vez uno de los elementos constitutivos (-N, -P, -K, -Mg y -Fe). Se evaluó longitud, número de folíolos, biomasa, tasa relativa de crecimiento y síntomas visuales de deficiencia. En general, bajo la carencia de los elementos probados se vieron afectadas las variables evaluadas y se observó clorosis, necrosis y poco desarrollo foliar, radical y de la planta. El Fe fue el elemento faltante que más limitó el crecimiento y desarrollo del frijol, mientras que el -P fue el que menos lo afectó. Palabras clave: Hidroponía, síntomas de deficiencia, nutrientes. ABSTRACT The diagnosis of the nutritional deficiencies of the crops, allows adjusting the fertilization practices to reach the expected economic yields. To determine nutritional deficiencies in the cowpea, a research was done using the missing element technique in hydroponic culture. The work was carried out at the Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela. Hoagland solution was used with all the nutrients or subtracting one of the constituent elements (-N, -P, -K, -Mg and -Fe). The length, number of leaflets, biomass, relative growth rate and visual symptoms of deficiency were evaluated. In general, under the lack of the tested elements, the evaluated variables were affected and chlorosis, necrosis and little leaf, root and plant development were observed. Fe was the missing element that most limited the growth and development of cowpea, while -P was the one that least affected it. Key words: Hydroponic culture, symptoms of deficiency, nutrients.

Relación entre la cultura organizacional y la satisfacción del trabajador de salud a nivel mundial.: Relationship between organizational culture and healthy worker satisfaction worldwide

La cultura organizacional es el resultado de una variedad de procesos de interacción social que realizan los integrantes de una organización. Estos procesos son adquiridos, aprendidos y transmitidos. Una cultura organizacional exitosa une a las personas de la institución y las mantiene alineadas. El objetivo del presente estudio es mostrar una revisión panorámica de la relación que existe entre la cultura organizacional y la satisfacción laboral de médicos a nivel global, local y regional. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la que se encontraron varios artículos de diversas revistas nacionales e internacionales. Existe un sustento teórico que justifica que los centros de salud que han orientado su cultura organizacional hacia los empleados ofrecen mejores condiciones de desarrollo, crecimiento, autonomía y mayores oportunidades de aprendizaje, promoción y formación. Se concluye que, con una cultura organizacional basada en el respeto por la persona, en el crecimiento personal, profesional, familiar y social, en interacción con el entorno, se logrará un impacto en el rendimiento o desempeño de los que conforman una organización

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Indoor Navigation Applied to the Detection of Allergic Reactions During Provocation Tests

The current method to detect allergies obliges the patient to stay within a room under the observation of the nurse during the allergy tests. Such tests last up to 4 hours. The authors have developed an allergy detection system based on the heart rate variability, which is monitored through electrocardiogram sensors. The detector is based on the correlation between variations of the heart rate and allergic reactions. However, heart rate variations are also due to the patient’s physical activity, being necessary to discriminate them. The pocket navigation system will be used to enhance the performance of the allergy detection algorithm, as it is able to identify different physical activities. Additionally, the patient can walk out of the testing room because a 3D localization solution is possible. The experiments described in this article show that it is possible identifying the most important patient’s physical activities to avoid false allergic reaction alarms. Moreover, the patient is allowed to move within the hospital during the allergy tests and can be located in case of a severe allergic reaction occurs. The experiments show also long duration walks to assess that our unaided inertial-based navigation system is suited to this particular medical application

Efecto de la temperatura en la viabilidad e infectividad de Trichinella spiralis

Introducción: Trichinella spiralis es el parásito causante de la Trichinellosis una zoonosis endémica en nuestro estado la cual afecta a mamíferos entre ellos el humano. La principal causa de infección para este es el consumo de carne mal cocida de cerdo infectada con la larva infectante (LI) de T. spiralis. El propósito de este trabajo es determinar el efecto que tiene la temperatura sobre este parásito para poder proporcionar a la población medidas profilácticas las cuales se puedan poner en práctica de manera sencilla y económica contra esta enfermedad. Material y Métodos: En este estudio se utilizaron 2 modelos experimentales: A) 2 cerdos raza York de 6 meses de edad (control y problema) el control sin infección y un problema infectado con T. spiralis para evaluar el efecto de la temperatura (cocción, frita, horno de microondas, olla de presión, refrigeración y congelación) en la viabilidad e Infectividad por medio de digestión artificial para obtener paquete larvario y observación directa al microscopio por compresión para observar sus características físicas y B) 3 ratas Long Evans se inocularon con muestras de carne( de cada procesamiento de temperatura) infectada obtenida del modelo de cerdo en cuánto a los resultados de los procedimientos empleados a temperaturas altas (cocción y frita) por compresión en la cocción a 96ºC la viabilidad dió positiva hasta los 30 min. Después de este tiempo sus características no fueron viables (sus características físicas se observaron alteradas), en cuánto a la Infectividad (capacidad de completar su ciclo vital), se observó positiva hasta el minuto 30, después de este tiempo la Infectividad fue negativa. La carne frita a 450ºC la viabilidad fue positiva hasta el minuto 60 igualmente la infectividad, a temperaturas bajas (refrigeración y congelación), en refrigeración a 4ºC analizada del día 0 al 120 la viabilidad se observó positiva hasta el día 120 (es decir sus características físicas no mostraron alteraciones) la Infectividad se observó igualmente positiva hasta el día 120 en cuánto al proceso de congelación a –20ºC, –40ºC y –50ºC al día 30 se observó negativo al igual que la Infectividad que se observó negativa, en el horno de microondas a temperatura media microondas a un tiempo de 10, 20 y 30 minutos la viabilidad del parásito se mostró positiva al minuto 30 al igual que la Infectividad positiva al minuto 30, en la carne sometida a cocimiento en la olla de presión a los 30 minutos la Infectividad y viabilidad fueron negativas. Conclusión: Al observar los resultados obtenidos podemos concluir que T. spiralis es un parásito con gran capacidad de resistencia a condiciones extremas de temperatura, siendo efectivo el cocimiento de la carne en la olla de presión a los 30 minutos la infectividad y viabilidad fue negativa, en caso de no contar con olla de presión lo adecuado es cocer la carne por 60 minutos a ebullición y luego prepararla al gusto, con estas medidas el parásito pierde viabilidad e infectividad

Deep Artificial Neural Networks for the Diagnostic of Caries Using Socioeconomic and Nutritional Features as Determinants: Data from NHANES 2013–2014

Oral health represents an essential component in the quality of life of people, being a determinant factor in general health since it may affect the risk of suffering other conditions, such as chronic diseases. Oral diseases have become one of the main public health problems, where dental caries is the condition that most affects oral health worldwide, occurring in about 90% of the global population. This condition has been considered a challenge because of its high prevalence, besides being a chronic but preventable disease which can be caused depending on the consumption of certain nutritional elements interacting simultaneously with different factors, such as socioeconomic factors. Based on this problem, an analysis of a set of 189 dietary and demographic determinants is performed in this work, in order to find the relationship between these factors and the oral situation of a set of subjects. The oral situation refers to the presence and absence/restorations of caries. The methodology is performed constructing a dense artificial neural network (ANN), as a computer-aided diagnosis tool, looking for a generalized model that allows for classifying subjects. As validation, the classification model was evaluated through a statistical analysis based on a cross validation, calculating the accuracy, loss function, receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) parameters. The results obtained were statistically significant, obtaining an accuracy ≃ 0.69 and AUC values of 0.69 and 0.75. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that the classification model developed through the deep ANN is able to classify subjects with absence of caries from subjects with presence or restorations with high accuracy, according to their demographic and dietary factors