153 research outputs found

    Glycerol as a cheap, safe and sustainable solvent for the catalytic and regioselective ÎČ,ÎČ-diarylation of acrylates over palladium nanoparticles

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    Herein we show that glycerol can be considered as a promising cheap and green solvent for the regioselective ÎČ,ÎČ-diarylation of alkenes. Whereas this reaction is generally catalyzed under an inert atmosphere by expensive phosphine or carbene-palladium complexes, we show here that the diarylation of alkenes can be conveniently achieved in glycerol in the presence of air-stable palladium nanoparticles. These palladium nanoparticles were stabilized over a sugar-based surfactant derived from biomass. By an adjustment of the reaction temperature, we were able to control the mono- and diarylation step of alkenes, thus offering a convenient route to unsymmetrical diarylated alkenes. At the end of the reaction, the diarylated alkenes were cleanly and selectively extracted from the glycerol-palladium catalytic phase using supercritical carbon dioxide, thus affording a convenient purification work-up. Within the framework of green chemistry, this work combines (i) catalysis in a cheap, safe and sustainable medium, (ii) easily made and air-stable palladium nanoparticles as the catalyst, and (iii) a clean and selective extraction of the reaction products with supercritical carbon dioxide

    Résultats de la chirurgie avancée de la cataracte par tunnélisation: à propos de 262 cas réalisés au CHR de Banfora (Burkina Faso)

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    La cataracte demeure la premiÚre cause de cécité dans les pays en voie de développement posant un problÚme de santé publique. Le but de cette étude est de faire le bilan d'une activité de chirurgie avancée de la cataracte par la technique dite de « phacoalternative » ou par tunnélisation. Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective de base réalisée au Burkina Faso portant sur la chirurgie de la cataracte par la technique de tunnélisation. L'ùge moyen de nos patients atteints de cataracte était de 62,47 ± 12,77 ans avec un sex-ratio de 0,98. La majorité des patients opérés (82,82 %) étaient des cultivateurs et des ménagÚres. L'acuité visuelle de loin était réduite à la perception lumineuse dans 68,70% des cas. La profondeur moyenne de la chambre antérieure était de 2,98 ± 0,53 mm. L'épaisseur moyenne du cristallin était de 3,55 ± 0,75 mm. La longueur axiale moyenne de l'oeil de nos patients opérés de la cataracte était de 22,88 ± 0,90 mm. La puissance réfractive moyenne estimée de la cornée était de 43,21 ± 2,03 dioptries chez nos patients. La puissance moyenne estimée de l'implant intra oculaire (IOL) utilisé était de23,11 ± 2,35D. La majorité (79,6%) de nos patients avait une bonne acuité visuelle aprÚs la chirurgie de la cataracte par tunnélisation. La chirurgie de la cataracte par tunnélisation est une technique révolutionnaire adaptée aux pays pauvres d'Afrique. Elle permet une lutte efficace à moindre coût contre la cécité par cataracte dans nos régions. La tunnélisation est une technique chirurgicale adaptée pour lutter efficacement contre la cécité due à la cataracte en Afrique

    Electrical semiconduction modulated by light in a cobalt and naphthalene diimide metal-organic framework

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    Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as an exciting class of porous materials that can be structurally designed by choosing particular components according to desired applications. Despite the wide interest in and many potential applications of MOFs, such as in gas storage, catalysis, sensing and drug delivery, electrical semiconductivity and its control is still rare. The use and fabrication of electronic devices with MOF-based components has not been widely explored, despite significant progress of these components made in recent years. Here we report the synthesis and properties of a new highly crystalline, electrochemically active, cobalt and naphthalene diimide-based MOF that is an efficient electrical semiconductor and has a broad absorption spectrum, from 300 to 2500 nm. Its semiconductivity was determined by direct voltage bias using a four-point device, and it features a wavelength dependant photoconductive–photoresistive dual behaviour, with a very high responsivity of 2.5 × 105 A W−1

    Increased mean aliphatic lipid chain length in left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to arterial hypertension: A cross-sectional study

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    About 77.9 million (1 in 4) American adults have high blood pressure. High blood pressure is the primary cause of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which represents a strong predictor of future heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. Previous studies have shown an altered metabolic profile in hypertensive patients with LVH. The goal of this study was to identify blood metabolomic LVH biomarkers by H NMR to provide novel diagnostic tools for rapid LVH detection in populations of hypertensive individuals. This cross-sectional study included 48 hypertensive patients with LVH matched with 48 hypertensive patients with normal LV size, and 24 healthy controls. Two-dimensional targeted M-mode echocardiography was performed to measure left ventricular mass index. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was used for the multivariate analysis of the H NMR spectral data. From the H NMR-based metabolomic profiling, signals coming from methylene (-CH2-) and methyl (-CH3) moieties of aliphatic chains from plasma lipids were identified as discriminant variables. The -CH2-/-CH3 ratio, an indicator of the mean length of the aliphatic lipid chains, was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the LVH group than in the hypertensive group without LVH and controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a cutoff of 2.34 provided a 52.08% sensitivity and 85.42% specificity for discriminating LVH (AUC = 0.703, P-value < 0.001). We propose the -CH2-/-CH3 ratio from plasma aliphatic lipid chains as a biomarker for the diagnosis of left ventricular remodeling in hypertension

    Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2009: I. Pneumonia and infections, sepsis, outcome, acute renal failure and acid base, nutrition and glycaemic control

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    Journal ArticleReviewSCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: II. Experimental, acute respiratory failure and ARDS, mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation

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    SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests

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    The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate

    IKT bei Freiburger Lehrpersonen: Informatikkenntnisse und Integrationsstufe

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    In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer Studie der PĂ€dagogischen Hochschule Freiburg vorgestellt. Untersucht wurden die Informatikkenntnisse sowie die Verwendung von IKT im Unterrichtskontext bei Freiburger Lehrpersonen vom Kindergarten bis zur Sekundarstufe II. In einem ersten Schritt wird die Bedeutung der IKT-Integration als innovative Praxis dargelegt, ein Integrationsmodell vorgestellt sowie der Begriff der Informatikkenntnisse (alphabĂ©tisation informatique) erlĂ€utert. Im zweiten Teil werden die Messinstrumente sowie die wesentlichen Ergebnisse prĂ€sentiert. Abschliessend werden einige Überlegungen und VorschlĂ€ge zur Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehrpersonen in Bezug auf die IKT-Integration dargelegt.La prĂ©sente contribution fait Ă©tat d’une recherche menĂ©e par le Service de la echerche de la HEP de Fribourg qui porte sur l’alphabĂ©tisation informatique et l’intĂ©gration des TIC dans les pratiques enseignantes, de l’école enfantine au secondaire II. Elle expose, dans un premier temps, toute l’importance de considĂ©rer l’intĂ©gration des TIC comme une pratique innovante, propose le modĂšle d’intĂ©gration retenu et prĂ©sente la notion d’alphabĂ©tisation informatique. Ensuite, la prĂ©sentation de la recherche permettra de prendre connaissance des outils de mesure ainsi que des principaux rĂ©sultats. L’article se termine par quelques rĂ©flexions et propositions au sujet d’une formation initiale et continue des enseignants dans un souci d’intĂ©gration des TIC
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