FORMULACIÓN DE UNA MERMELADA Y SU ACEPTABILIDAD UTILIZANDO FRUTALES ENDÉMICOS AMAZÓNICOS

El objetivo principal fue determinar el nivel de aceptabilidad de una nueva formulación de mermelada basándose en tres frutales endémicos amazónicos. Para ello se desarrollaron siete formulaciones con diferentes proporciones de los tres frutales como se muestra en la Tabla 01, las formulaciones fueron evaluadas por 60 panelistas semi entrenados y 10 expertos, utilizando la escala hedónica, se evaluó los atributos, color, olor, dulzor, textura, apariencia y acidez. El análisis estadístico mediante la prueba FRIEDMAN, con una significancia de 0.05, determinó una similitud en la preferencia respecto a los seis atributos entre las siete formulaciones de las mermeladas con frutales endémicos amazónicos, determinando la muestra 987 (Ungurahui, Guajaba y tumbo) como óptima entre las siete formulaciones, que aporta 0.5 g de proteínas, 1.2 g de grasa, 69.4 g de carbohidratos, 0.7 g de fibra cruda, y 290.4 kcal de energía, cenizas 0.6 g, humedad 28.3 g por cada 100 g de producto, por ser un producto alto en carbohidratos. Se concluye que la formulación siete (muestra 987) es aceptada por haber obtenido el mayor nivel de aceptabilidad y cumplir con los rangos establecidos por las normativas de calidad e inocuidad de procedimientos para el consumo de alimentos, Asimismo por ser una formulación que permite la conservación de los frutales endémicos amazónicos ya que dichos frutos tienen un periodo de vida corta, su tiempo de cosecha es limitado y poseen un alto nivel en vitaminas.ÍNDICE GENERAL I. INTRODUCCIÓN........................................................................................................ 1 II. MARCO TEÓRICO.................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Antecedentes de la Investigación .......................................................................... 3 2.2 Bases Teóricas....................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Ungurahui ........................................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 Guayaba ........................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Tumbo............................................................................................................ 10 2.2.3 Ácido Cítrico ................................................................................................. 11 2.2.4 Pectina............................................................................................................ 11 2.2.5 Azúcar............................................................................................................ 11 2.2.6 Análisis Sensorial .......................................................................................... 12 2.2.7 Normativa para mermeladas.......................................................................... 12 2.2.8 Formulación de un alimento............................................................................. 12 2.3 Definición de Términos....................................................................................... 13 III. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS............................................................................... 16 3.1 Materiales............................................................................................................ 16 3.1.1 Materia Prima ................................................................................................ 16 3.1.3 Equipos e Instrumentos.................................................................................. 17 3.1.4 Utensilios....................................................................................................... 17 vii 3.2 Metodología ........................................................................................................ 17 3.2.1 Procedimiento ................................................................................................ 18 IV. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................ 28 4.1. Análisis estadístico................................................................................................. 28 4.1.1 Resultados de la Escala Hedónica por atributo................................................. 28 4.1.2 Valor Nutricional.............................................................................................. 39 4.1.3 Comparación de composición químico – proximal.......................................... 42 4.1.4 Rentabilidad de la formulación de mermelada ................................................. 43 4.1.5 Comparación de precios ventas de mermeladas comerciales........................... 44 V. CONCLUSIONES .................................................................................................. 46 VI. RECOMENDACIONES......................................................................................... 47 VII. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS................................................................ 48 VIII. ANEXOS............................................................................................................. 5

New Era of Air Quality Monitoring from Space: Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)

GEMS will monitor air quality over Asia at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution from GEO for the first time, providing column measurements of aerosol, ozone and their precursors (nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and formaldehyde). Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is scheduled for launch in late 2019 - early 2020 to monitor Air Quality (AQ) at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution from a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) for the first time. With the development of UV-visible spectrometers at sub-nm spectral resolution and sophisticated retrieval algorithms, estimates of the column amounts of atmospheric pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO, CHOCHO and aerosols) can be obtained. To date, all the UV-visible satellite missions monitoring air quality have been in Low Earth orbit (LEO), allowing one to two observations per day. With UV-visible instruments on GEO platforms, the diurnal variations of these pollutants can now be determined. Details of the GEMS mission are presented, including instrumentation, scientific algorithms, predicted performance, and applications for air quality forecasts through data assimilation. GEMS will be onboard the GEO-KOMPSAT-2 satellite series, which also hosts the Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI)-2. These three instruments will provide synergistic science products to better understand air quality, meteorology, the long-range transport of air pollutants, emission source distributions, and chemical processes. Faster sampling rates at higher spatial resolution will increase the probability of finding cloud-free pixels, leading to more observations of aerosols and trace gases than is possible from LEO. GEMS will be joined by NASA's TEMPO and ESA's Sentinel-4 to form a GEO AQ satellite constellation in early 2020s, coordinated by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe