Ich bin erwachsen

Der Beitrag handelt vom Erwachsenwerden von Jugendlichen mit intellektueller Behinderung. Die Arbeit greift den Umstand auf, dass Menschen mit intellektueller Behinderung häufig in ihrer Familie oder in Wohngruppen isoliert sind und ihnen der Erwachsenen-Status abgesprochen wird. In der theoretischen Auseinandersetzung ist der Bereich Peers und Freizeit bei Menschen mit Behinderung sehr lückenhaft. Es stellt sich die Frage wie soziale Beziehungen (Eltern, Familie, Peers, Gesellschaft) das Erwachsenwerden und die Autonomieentwicklung unterstützen und beeinflussen. Die Autorin wählt in diesem Kontext ein Modell der Entwicklungspsychologie das sich auf zu erfüllenden Entwicklungsaufgaben bezieht, um die Grundlage der Arbeit zu bilden. Das Ziel ist Unterstützungskonzepte aufzuzeigen, welche Menschen mit Behinderung in die Gesellschaft inkludieren und bei ihrer Autonomieentwicklung unterstützen. Zudem wird in der Empirie mithilfe von Leitfadeninterviews, die Lebenswelt und Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten der Autonomieentwicklung von Jugendlichen mit intellektueller Behinderung dargestellt. Durch Befragungen von BetreuerInnen und ExpertInnen wird eine zusätzliche Perspektive beleuchtet. Hier kann die positive Beeinflussung von Peers für die Vielfalt an Freizeitaktivitäten erkannt werden, jedoch auch die häufige Beschränkung von sozialen Beziehungen auf Wohn- und Arbeitsbereich. Eltern spielen bei der Entscheidung zuhause wohnen zu bleiben, oder auszuziehen eine wichtige Rolle. Die Situation in den Herkunftsfamilien wird akzeptiert und nicht hinterfragt. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Jugendlichen sich im geringen Ausmaß für ihr Leben selbst verantwortlich fühlen und sie in vielerlei Hinsicht Fremdbestimmung erfahren. Konzepte wie der „Circle of support“, oder Freizeitassistenz setzen an diesen Punkt an und unterstützen soziale Beziehungen.This thesis focuses on the problems that young people with intellectual disabilites face as they become adults. The discussion pays particular attention to the fact that these young people are often isolated in their families or living facilities, and that their adult status is not recognized. In the theoretical discussion on this topic, little attention has been paid to peer groups and recreation. The question arises of how social relationships – with family, peers, or others in society – influence becoming an autonomous adult. As the basis of this work, the author chooses a model of developmental psychology that draws on the fulfillment of developmental duties. The goal of this work is to identify ideas that serve to bring the disabled into society and support the development of their autonomy. Moreover, an empirical analysis – based on guided interviews – is carried out to portray how the young disabled develop autonomy and what sources of help they encounter. This analysis also includes interviews of caretakers. While the analysis shows that peers can have a positive effect on leisure activies, the disabled often have limited experiences in their living and working environments. Parents play an important role in deciding whether young disabled people stay at home or move out. In biological families, the social situation is often simply accepted and not discussed. This study shows that the disabled young feel minimally responsible for forming their life situation and that they often experience that others make important decisions for them. Concepts such as the “Circle of Support” or recreational assistants address this point and could lead to more sustainable social realtionships

Extended optical treatment versus early patching with an intensive patching regimen in children with amblyopia in Europe (EuPatch): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Background: Amblyopia, the most common visual impairment of childhood, is a public health concern. An extended period of optical treatment before patching is recommended by the clinical guidelines of several countries. The aim of this study was to compare an intensive patching regimen, with and without extended optical treatment (EOT), in a randomised controlled trial. Methods: EuPatch was a randomised controlled trial conducted in 30 hospitals in the UK, Greece, Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Children aged 3–8 years with newly detected, untreated amblyopia (defined as an interocular difference ≥0·30 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] best corrected visual acuity [BCVA]) due to anisometropia, strabismus, or both were eligible. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) via a computer-generated sequence to either the EOT group (18 weeks of glasses use before patching) or to the early patching group (3 weeks of glasses use before patching), stratified for type and severity of amblyopia. All participants were initially prescribed an intensive patching regimen (10 h/day, 6 days per week), supplemented with motivational materials. The patching period was up to 24 weeks. Participants, parents or guardians, assessors, and the trial statistician were not masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was successful treatment (ie, ≤0·20 logMAR interocular difference in BCVA) after 12 weeks of patching. Two primary analyses were conducted: the main analysis included all participants, including those who dropped out, but excluded those who did not provide outcome data at week 12 and remained on the study; the other analysis imputed this missing data. All eligible and randomly assigned participants were assessed for adverse events. This study is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry (ISRCTN51712593) and is no longer recruiting. Findings: Between June 20, 2013, and March 12, 2020, after exclusion of eight participants found ineligible after detailed screening, we randomly assigned 334 participants (170 to the EOT group and 164 to the early patching group), including 188 (56%) boys, 146 (44%) girls, and two (1%) participants whose sex was not recorded. 317 participants (158 in the EOT group and 159 in the early patching group) were analysed for the primary outcome without imputation of missing data (median follow-up time 42 weeks [IQR 42] in the EOT group vs 27 weeks [27] in the early patching group). 24 (14%) of 170 participants in the EOT group and ten (6%) of 164 in the early patching group were excluded or dropped out of the study, mostly due to loss to follow-up and withdrawal of consent; ten (6%) in the EOT group and three (2%) in the early patching group missed the 12 week visit but remained on the study. A higher proportion of participants in the early patching group had successful treatment (107 [67%] of 159) than those in the EOT group (86 [54%] of 158; 13% difference; p=0·019) after 12 weeks of patching. No serious adverse events related to the interventions occurred. Interpretation: The results from this trial indicate that early patching is more effective than EOT for the treatment of most children with amblyopia. Our findings also provide data for the personalisation of amblyopia treatments. Funding: Action Medical Research, NIHR Clinical Research Network, and Ulverscroft Foundation

Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow

The heart is uniquely responsible for providing its own blood supply through the coronary circulation. Regulation of coronary blood flow is quite complex and, after over 100 years of dedicated research, is understood to be dictated through multiple mechanisms that include extravascular compressive forces (tissue pressure), coronary perfusion pressure, myogenic, local metabolic, endothelial as well as neural and hormonal influences. While each of these determinants can have profound influence over myocardial perfusion, largely through effects on end-effector ion channels, these mechanisms collectively modulate coronary vascular resistance and act to ensure that the myocardial requirements for oxygen and substrates are adequately provided by the coronary circulation. The purpose of this series of Comprehensive Physiology is to highlight current knowledge regarding the physiologic regulation of coronary blood flow, with emphasis on functional anatomy and the interplay between the physical and biological determinants of myocardial oxygen delivery. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:321-382, 2017

Extended optical treatment versus early patching with an intensive patching regimen in children with amblyopia in Europe (EuPatch): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Background Amblyopia, the most common visual impairment of childhood, is a public health concern. An extended period of optical treatment before patching is recommended by the clinical guidelines of several countries. The aim of this study was to compare an intensive patching regimen, with and without extended optical treatment (EOT), in a randomised controlled trial. Methods EuPatch was a randomised controlled trial conducted in 30 hospitals in the UK, Greece, Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Children aged 3–8 years with newly detected, untreated amblyopia (defined as an interocular difference ≥0·30 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] best corrected visual acuity [BCVA]) due to anisometropia, strabismus, or both were eligible. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) via a computer-generated sequence to either the EOT group (18 weeks of glasses use before patching) or to the early patching group (3 weeks of glasses use before patching), stratified for type and severity of amblyopia. All participants were initially prescribed an intensive patching regimen (10 h/day, 6 days per week), supplemented with motivational materials. The patching period was up to 24 weeks. Participants, parents or guardians, assessors, and the trial statistician were not masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was successful treatment (ie, ≤0·20 logMAR interocular difference in BCVA) after 12 weeks of patching. Two primary analyses were conducted: the main analysis included all participants, including those who dropped out, but excluded those who did not provide outcome data at week 12 and remained on the study; the other analysis imputed this missing data. All eligible and randomly assigned participants were assessed for adverse events. This study is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry (ISRCTN51712593) and is no longer recruiting. Findings Between June 20, 2013, and March 12, 2020, after exclusion of eight participants found ineligible after detailed screening, we randomly assigned 334 participants (170 to the EOT group and 164 to the early patching group), including 188 (56%) boys, 146 (44%) girls, and two (1%) participants whose sex was not recorded. 317 participants (158 in the EOT group and 159 in the early patching group) were analysed for the primary outcome without imputation of missing data (median follow-up time 42 weeks [IQR 42] in the EOT group vs 27 weeks [27] in the early patching group). 24 (14%) of 170 participants in the EOT group and ten (6%) of 164 in the early patching group were excluded or dropped out of the study, mostly due to loss to follow-up and withdrawal of consent; ten (6%) in the EOT group and three (2%) in the early patching group missed the 12 week visit but remained on the study. A higher proportion of participants in the early patching group had successful treatment (107 [67%] of 159) than those in the EOT group (86 [54%] of 158; 13% difference; p=0·019) after 12 weeks of patching. No serious adverse events related to the interventions occurred. Interpretation The results from this trial indicate that early patching is more effective than EOT for the treatment of most children with amblyopia. Our findings also provide data for the personalisation of amblyopia treatments. Funding Action Medical Research, NIHR Clinical Research Network, and Ulverscroft Foundation

Inventory of current EU paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes

Background: We examined the diversity in paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes in Europe. Methods: Themes relevant for comparison of screening programmes were derived from literature and used to compile three questionnaires on vision, hearing and public-health screening. Tests used, professions involved, age and frequency of testing seem to influence sensitivity, specificity and costs most. Questionnaires were sent to ophthalmologists, orthoptists, otolaryngologists and audiologists involved in paediatric screening in all EU fullmember, candidate and associate states. Answers were cross-checked. Results: Thirty-nine countries participated; 35 have a vision screening programme, 33 a nation-wide neonatal hearing screening programme. Visual acuity (VA) is measured in 35 countries, in 71% more than once. First measurement of VA varies from three to seven years of age, but is usually before the age of five. At age three and four picture charts, including Lea Hyvarinen are used most, in children over four Tumbling-E and Snellen. As first hearing screening test otoacoustic emission (OAE) is used most in healthy neonates, and auditory brainstem response (ABR) in premature newborns. The majority of hearing testing programmes are staged; children are referred after one to four abnormal tests. Vision screening is performed mostly by paediatricians, ophthalmologists or nurses. Funding is mostly by health insurance or state. Coverage was reported as >95% in half of countries, but reporting was often not first-hand. Conclusion: Largest differences were found in VA charts used (12), professions involved in vision screening (10), number of hearing screening tests before referral (1-4) and funding sources (8)

"Material- und Energieflussanalyse der UdSSR sowie ihrer Vorgängerstaaten und der Russischen Föderation im Zeitraum 1900 bis 2009"

Birgit Gaugl, BAZusammenfassung in englischer SpracheAlpen Adria Universität Klagenfurt, Masterarbeit, 2016(VLID)241254

Relationship between depression, rumination, social support and IMT

ZusammenfassungVerschiedene Studien konnten bisher nicht kl\ue4ren, ob ein direkter Zusammenhang besteht zwischen Depression und der Intima-Media-Dicke (IMD) der Arteria carotis communis (ACC). Nicht erforscht wurde bisher nach Wissen des Autors die Relation zwischen Rumination und der IMD sowie sozialer Unterst\ufctzung und IMD. Ziel der vorliegenden kombinierten Labor- und Feldstudie war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Depression, Rumination, sozialer Unterst\ufctzung und der IMD zu pr\ufcfen. Die Stichprobe umfasste 33 Personen (20 Frauen und 13 M\ue4nner) im Alter von 20 bis 35 Jahren (M=25.67, SD=4.5). Die IMD wurde im Labor mittels Sonographie gemessen. Die Auspr\ue4gungen von Depression, Rumination und sozialer Unterst\ufctzung wurden mit Hilfe von Fragebogen erfasst. Zus\ue4tzlich wurde anhand eines iPods die H\ue4ufigkeit der Rumination und der sozialen Interaktionen im Alltag (Feld) erfragt. F\ufcr die statistischen Bewertungen der Zusammenh\ue4nge wurden Korrelationen und Regressionsanalysen verwendet. In dieser Diplomarbeit konnten signifikante Zusammenh\ue4nge zwischen Rumination und IMD sowie zwischen sozialer Unterst\ufctzung und IMD nur teilweise bei den Korrelationsberechnungen gefunden werden. Sie konnten bei den Regressionsanalysen nicht best\ue4tigt werden. Zwischen Depression und IMD zeigte sich ein negativer Zusammenhang. Daraus ist zu erkennen, dass f\ufcr die Erforschung der Zusammenh\ue4nge zwischen Depression, Rumination, soziale Unterst\ufctzung und IMD noch umfassende Forschungsbem\ufchungen erforderlich sind.Schlagw\uf6rter: Depressivit\ue4t, Rumination, soziale Unterst\ufctzung, Intima-Media-DickeABSTRACTPrior research identified inconsistent associations between depressive symptoms and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA).There are, to the knowledge of the author, no published studies investigating the direct relation between rumination and IMT as well as between social support and IMT. Aim of this combined laboratory and field study was to examine the relationship between depression, rumination, social support and IMT. The sample consisted of 33 individuals (20 women and 13 men) aged 20 to 35 Years (M=25.7, SD=4.5). IMT was measured in the laboratory by ultrasonography. Manifestations of depression, rumination and social support were assessed by means of questionaires. In addition, the frequency of rumination and social interactions were recorded in everyday life (field) using a computerized diary. For the statistical evaluation correlations and regression analyses were calculated. In this study only partial support could be found for associations between rumination and IMT as well as between social support and IMT in correlation calculations, bat not in regression analyses. The associations between depression and IMT were negative. The findings show that for the study of the relationships between depression, rumination, social support and IMD comprehencive research efforts are still needed. Keywords: depressiveness, rumination, social support, intima-media thicknessvorgelegt von Johann GauglAbweichender Titel laut cbersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassungen in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2015 679

Fit f\ufcr den Umgang mit demenzerkrankter Menschen

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit besch\ue4ftigt sich mit demenzsensiblen, nicht kognitiven Konzepten in der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Kenntnisse angehende Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegepersonen f\ufcr die individuelle Betreuung von Menschen mit Demenz ben\uf6tigen, um den nicht kognitiven Symptomen der Demenz entsprechend begegnen zu k\uf6nnen. Realit\ue4tsorientierungstraining, Biografie- und Erinnerungsarbeit sowie das Konzept der Validation werden mit Ausbildungsinhalten der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegeberufe in Verbindung gebracht. Ziel ist es aufzuzeigen, dass menschenw\ufcrdiges Altern mit dem Krankheitsbild einer Demenz durch professionellen Einsatz von gezielten demenzsensiblen, nicht medikament\uf6sen Konzepten m\uf6glich ist und sinnvoll gestaltet werden kann. Im Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass grundlegende Kenntnisse und spezifisches theoretisches Wissen die Voraussetzungen f\ufcr die professionelle Betreuung von demenzkranken Menschen darstellen. Bei der Vermittlung dieser Kompetenzen wird den Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegeschulen eine besondere Rolle zuteil. Die Durchf\ufchrung einer \uf6sterreichischen Studie zur Evaluierung einer ausreichenden Vermittlung von Kompetenzen bzgl. demenzsensibler, nicht medikament\uf6ser Konzepte wird angeregt.This master thesis aims at presenting new concepts of taking care of people suf-fering from various forms of dementia in a professional way. These concepts are based on scientific concepts of care. One of the main parts of this scientific paper is literature analysis. However, a special focus is also put on the topic of the education of people who want to work in the field of care. As the author is of the opinion that nurses need special knowledge so that they can work with people suffering from dementia in a highly professional way this paper offers information on the topics of validation, biographical work and orientation training. It is the central aim of this paper to show that reaching an old age when suffering from dementia is possible with the help of highly professional nurses and care assistants. In Austria most nurses are educated at so called colleges of nursing (Schulen f\ufcr Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege). Thus it is the special duty of these institutions to ensure the best kind of professional training and education. Scientific research has shown that certain professional skills and competences as well as theoretical knowledge are the prerequisites for a highly professional care of clients suffering from dementia. Thus, Austrian colleges of nursing have to guarantee the highest possible level of education.eingereicht von Maria GauglAbweichender Titel laut cbersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Masterarb., 201

Relationship between depression, rumination, social support and IMT

ZusammenfassungVerschiedene Studien konnten bisher nicht klären, ob ein direkter Zusammenhang besteht zwischen Depression und der Intima-Media-Dicke (IMD) der Arteria carotis communis (ACC). Nicht erforscht wurde bisher nach Wissen des Autors die Relation zwischen Rumination und der IMD sowie sozialer Unterstützung und IMD. Ziel der vorliegenden kombinierten Labor- und Feldstudie war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Depression, Rumination, sozialer Unterstützung und der IMD zu prüfen. Die Stichprobe umfasste 33 Personen (20 Frauen und 13 Männer) im Alter von 20 bis 35 Jahren (M=25.67, SD=4.5). Die IMD wurde im Labor mittels Sonographie gemessen. Die Ausprägungen von Depression, Rumination und sozialer Unterstützung wurden mit Hilfe von Fragebogen erfasst. Zusätzlich wurde anhand eines iPods die Häufigkeit der Rumination und der sozialen Interaktionen im Alltag (Feld) erfragt. Für die statistischen Bewertungen der Zusammenhänge wurden Korrelationen und Regressionsanalysen verwendet. In dieser Diplomarbeit konnten signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen Rumination und IMD sowie zwischen sozialer Unterstützung und IMD nur teilweise bei den Korrelationsberechnungen gefunden werden. Sie konnten bei den Regressionsanalysen nicht bestätigt werden. Zwischen Depression und IMD zeigte sich ein negativer Zusammenhang. Daraus ist zu erkennen, dass für die Erforschung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Depression, Rumination, soziale Unterstützung und IMD noch umfassende Forschungsbemühungen erforderlich sind.Schlagwörter: Depressivität, Rumination, soziale Unterstützung, Intima-Media-DickeABSTRACTPrior research identified inconsistent associations between depressive symptoms and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA).There are, to the knowledge of the author, no published studies investigating the direct relation between rumination and IMT as well as between social support and IMT. Aim of this combined laboratory and field study was to examine the relationship between depression, rumination, social support and IMT. The sample consisted of 33 individuals (20 women and 13 men) aged 20 to 35 Years (M=25.7, SD=4.5). IMT was measured in the laboratory by ultrasonography. Manifestations of depression, rumination and social support were assessed by means of questionaires. In addition, the frequency of rumination and social interactions were recorded in everyday life (field) using a computerized diary. For the statistical evaluation correlations and regression analyses were calculated. In this study only partial support could be found for associations between rumination and IMT as well as between social support and IMT in correlation calculations, bat not in regression analyses. The associations between depression and IMT were negative. The findings show that for the study of the relationships between depression, rumination, social support and IMD comprehencive research efforts are still needed. Keywords: depressiveness, rumination, social support, intima-media thicknessvorgelegt von Johann GauglAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassungen in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2015 679