Análisis criminológico de los acuerdos reparatorios. El caso del Estado Aragua, Venezuela

The subject concerning to reparatory agreements, is something quite recent in Venezuela. The bibliographical review done in this paper indicates that there is few researching on such topic in this country; in fact, seeing it from the criminological approaEl tema de los acuerdos reparatorios es de reciente data en Venezuela. La revisión bibliográfica hecha en este trabajo indica que en ese país existe poca investigación sobre este tópico; de hecho, desde la perspectiva criminológica de sentido humanista n

Análisis criminológico de los acuerdos reparatorios. El caso del Estado Aragua, Venezuela

The subject concerning to reparatory agreements, is something quite recent in Venezuela. The bibliographical review done in this paper indicates that there is few researching on such topic in this country; in fact, seeing it from the criminological approach of humanist sense, there are no registered productions about the topic. Probably, from this perspective of criminology, this paper is then one of the first documents present in the Venezuelan context. In order to develop this very one, a theoretical frame was built; in this one, some topics referred to freedom and the humanist criminology’s task were mentioned; some characteristics of the reparatory agreements in Venezuela and about the Alternative Processes of Conflict Resolution. The general aims of the paper were: to describe the extra juridical characteristics given in the application of the reparatory agreements happened between the year of 2002 and 2004, as well as to make a series of suggestions to improve the application of this prosecutional formula. To study such phenomenon, a region of the country was chosen, specifically the Aragua State, for reasons of viability. That way, they presented the criminal statistics of Venezuela and of the Aragua State, brought by the Penal and Crime Researching Corps. Then, a random sample was selected from the Aragua State Control Courts for compiling, subsequently, the information of reparatory agreements by means of a compilation data instrument. With this one, the files of four Control Courts were analyzed. From the joint of this information, we verified that exist some extra legal characteristics present in the execution of the reparatory agreements, such as: the aggressor’s age, the geographical vicinity of the penal couple –the victim and his aggressor–, and the fact that the crime be committed without physical violence. It is suggested, at the end of the work, the needing for proposing over again ways for the execution of the agreements, like clarifying the “special audiences” phenomenon, so as the reflection on certain juridical outlines that establish limits on the application of this measure, resulting alternative to the privative penalty of this individual value that generates so many controversies: freedom.El tema de los acuerdos reparatorios es de reciente data en Venezuela. La revisión bibliográfica hecha en este trabajo indica que en ese país existe poca investigación sobre este tópico; de hecho, desde la perspectiva criminológica de sentido humanista no existen producciones registradas sobre este tema. Probablemente, el presente es pues uno de los primeros trabajos que, desde esta visión de la criminología, se presenta en el contexto venezolano. Para desarrollar el mismo se construyó un marco teórico en el que se tocaron temas referidos a: la libertad y la tarea de la criminología humanista; algunas de las características de los acuerdos reparatorios en Venezuela y sobre los Procesos Alternativos de Resolución de Conflictos. Los Objetivos Generales del trabajo fueron: describir las características extrajurídicas dadas en la aplicación de los acuerdos reparatorios, sucedidos entre los años 2002 y 2004, así como realizar una serie de sugerencias para mejorar la aplicación de esta fórmula procesal. Para estudiar el fenómeno se eligió una región del país, específicamente el Estado Aragua, por razones de viabilidad. Se presentaron así las estadísticas delictivas de Venezuela y del Estado Aragua, llevadas por el Cuerpo de Investigaciones Penales y Criminalísticas. Luego se procedió a seleccionar una muestra aleatoria de los Tribunales de Control del Estado Aragua para, posteriormente, levantar la información de los acuerdos reparatorios mediante un instrumento de recopilación de datos. Con éste se analizaron expedientes de cuatro tribunales de control. Del levantamiento de la información se constató que existen algunas características extra legales presentes en la celebración de los acuerdos reparatorios, tales como: la edad del victimario, la cercanía geográfica de la pareja penal y el hecho de que el delito se cometa sin violencia física. Se sugiere, al final del trabajo, la necesidad de replantear algunas formas en la celebración de los acuerdos como, por ejemplo, aclarar el fenómeno de las “audiencias especiales” así como la reflexión sobre ciertos lineamientos jurídicos que ponen límites en la aplicación de esta medida que resulta alternativa a la pena privativa de ese valor individual que genera tantas controversias: la libertad

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median $z\sim 0.03$). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between $z\sim 0.6$ and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z ~ 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z ~ 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially-resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median redshift of z = 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between redshifts z = 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGN and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5-meter Sloan Foundation Telescope at Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5-meter du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in July 2016

Search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one tau lepton in 20 fb−1 of √s=8 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry (SUSY) in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton and zero or one additional light leptons (electron/muon), has been performed using 20.3fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √s= 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in the various signal regions and 95% confidence level upper limits on the visible cross section for new phenomena are set. The results of the analysis are interpreted in several SUSY scenarios, significantly extending previous limits obtained in the same final states. In the framework of minimal gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models, values of the SUSY breaking scale Λ below 63 TeV are excluded, independently of tan β. Exclusion limits are also derived for an mSUGRA/CMSSM model, in both the R-parity-conserving and R-parity-violating case. A further interpretation is presented in a framework of natural gauge mediation, in which the gluino is assumed to be the only light coloured sparticle and gluino masses below 1090 GeV are excluded

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July