La eficiencia del sector educativo en Michoacián desde la óptica del índice de educación municipal, 2000 y 2005

En la presente investigación se estudian los aportes teóricos y metodológicos del Análisis de la Envolvente de Datos (DEA); así mismo se realiza una revisión de diversos estudios que han aplicado esta técnica al sector educativo, caracterizando al Índice de Educación (IE). En un segundo apartado se realiza una contextualización del sistema educativo básico en el estado de Michoacán, enfocándonos a nivel primaria y revisando los niveles del IE existentes en el estado. En la tercera parte se presenta la aplicación de la metodología DEA a 9 municipios seleccionados, relacionándolo con sus niveles de IE. Finalmente se muestran las conclusiones a que se llegan en el estudi

La relación entre las teorías de la paridad del poder adquisitivo y de la paridad de los tipos de interés sobre la balanza de pagos: un mecanismo predictor de crisis en países en vías de desarrollo, 1990-2006

El objetivo de la presente investigación es realizar una propuesta de formulación de un predictor del tipo de cambio, utilizando dos de las teorías más utilizadas para este fin: la Teoría de la Paridad del Poder Adquisitivo (TPPA) y la Teoría de la Paridad de los Tipos de Interés (TPTI). Tomando en consideración esto, se buscará demostrar ciertas relaciones teóricas en relación con la Balanza de Pagos y su impacto en las decisiones de política económica de los diversos países. Las teorías a utilizar propuestas relacionan dos variables sumamente importantes en la economía: la inflación (TPPA) y la tasa de interés (TPTI), lo que colocan a las conclusiones que se lleguen como punto de partida para realizar estudios complementarios y de debate a las ideas a que se arribarán. La estructura capitular de la tesis doctoral se encuentra conformada por seis apartados, en los que se dará desde una definición especifica sobre los conceptos que se abordan en el tratamiento del tipo de cambio, pasando por la revisión teórica/documental de los avances que se han presentado a nivel internacional, para después realizar la aplicación práctica de los conceptos teóricos planteados, así como la propuesta del predictor del tipo de cambio. El primer capítulo busca establecer los conceptos del tipo de cambio nominal, así como los generados a partir de la TPPA (tipo de cambio real) y de la TPTI (tipo de cambio financiero); el segundo capítulo aborda lo referente al marco teórico-referencial, así como los objetivos de la presente investigación, acompañados de los supuestos hipotéticos deducidos, para concluir con el desarrollo de las herramientas metodológicas que se utilizarán en la presente investigación. El tercer capítulo se desarrollará un análisis estadístico descriptivo básico de los tipos de cambios teóricos, estimados mediante los planteamientos realizados en el primer apartado del segundo capítulo; por lo que respecta al cuarto capítulo se comienza a utilizar los elementos metodológicos descritos en la tercera parte del segundo capítulo, tratando de encontrar las diversas relaciones planteadas en el marco hipotético de esta investigación. El quinto capítulo consiste en la parte medular y propositiva de la presente tesis, ya que se realizarán estimaciones econométricas para llegar a la propuesta de un tipo de cambio predictor que contenga dos elementos principales: (1) el comportamiento de la inflación, expresada mediante las relaciones establecidas en la TPPA y (2) las fluctuaciones en el tipo de interés, puestas de manifiesto mediante la TPTI, por último, en el sexto capítulo se desarrollarán las principales conclusiones a que se llegaron en esta exploración, así como las implicaciones que se derivan

Efficiency Analysis of Mexican Stock Exchange Sustainable Firms

This research aims at analyzing the impact that the variables of sustainable value generation (ESG) have on the efficiency of firms listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange Sustainable Index during the period 2014-2017. The non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to determine their efficiency. Results indicate that, given the level of profitability, the variable that most affects the generation of sustainable value is corporate governance (G), followed by environmental (E) and social (S) practices. The main limitation of the study is the sample size. The originality of this paper lies in the fact that it determines corporate efficiency using financial performance as an input of a DEA model and sustainable value ratings as outputs. Conclusions show that corporate social responsibility activities may enhance firms’ sustainable efficiency. Therefore, it is proposed that corporate efficiency might be complemented by sustainable value measurements.Análisis de Eficiencia de Empresas Sustentantes de la Bolsa Mexicana de ValoresEn esta investigación se analiza el impacto de las variables de generación de valor sustentable (ESG) en la eficiencia de las empresas que calificaron para pertenecer al Índice de Sustentabilidad de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores durante el periodo 2014-2017. La eficiencia se determinó utilizando el método no paramétrico del Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA). Los resultados indican que, dado el nivel de rentabilidad, la variable que mayormente incide en la generación de valor sustentable es gobierno corporativo (G), seguida de medio ambiente (E) y prácticas sociales (S). La principal limitación del estudio radica en el tamaño de la muestra. La originalidad de esta investigación consiste en determinar la eficiencia corporativa utilizando el desempeño financiero como input y las calificaciones de valor sustentable como outputs del modelo DEA.  Como conclusión, esta investigación muestra que las acciones de responsabilidad social contibuyen a incrementar la eficiencia sustentable de las empresas, por lo que se propone que la medición del valor sustentable sea complemento de la evaluación de la eficiencia corporativa

Group-decision making with induced ordered weighted logarithmic aggregation operators

This paper presents the induced generalized ordered weighted logarithmic aggregation (IGOWLA) operator, this operator is an extension of the generalized ordered weighted logarithmic aggregation (GOWLA) operator. It uses order-induced variables that modify the reordering process of the arguments included in the aggregation. The principal advantage of the introduced induced mechanism is the consideration of highly complex attitude from the decision makers. We study some families of the IGOWLA operator as measures for the characterization of the weighting vector (...

Serum micrornas as tool to predict early response to benralizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma

Severe eosinophilic asthma poses a serious health and economic problem, so new therapy approaches have been developed to control it, including biological drugs such as benralizumab, which is a monoclonal antibody that binds to IL-5 receptor alpha subunit and depletes peripheral blood eosinophils rapidly. Biomarkers that predict the response to this drug are needed so that microRNAs (miRNAs) can be useful tools. This study was performed with fifteen severe eosinophilic asthmatic patients treated with benralizumab, and serum miRNAs were evaluated before and after treatment by semi-quantitative PCR (qPCR). Patients showed a clinical improvement after benralizumab administration. Additionally, deregulation of miR-1246, miR-5100 and miR-338-3p was observed in severe asthmatic patients after eight weeks of therapy, and a correlation was found between miR-1246 and eosinophil counts, including a number of exacerbations per year in these severe asthmatics. In silico pathway analysis revealed that these three miRNAs are regulators of the MAPK signaling pathway, regulating target genes implicated in asthma such as NFKB2, NFATC3, DUSP1, DUSP2, DUSP5 and DUSP16. In this study, we observed an altered expression of miR-1246, miR-5100 and miR-338-3p after eight weeks of benralizumab administration, which could be used as early response markers.This manuscript was funded by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria–FIS and FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) [PI15/00803, PI18/00044, and FI16/00036], CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Merck Health Foundation funds, and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTC-2017-6501-1

Differences in clinical features and mortality in very old unvaccinated patients (≥ 80 years) hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first and successive waves from the multicenter SEMI-COVID-19 Registry (Spain)

Background: Old age is one of the most important risk factors for severe COVID-19. Few studies have analyzed changes in the clinical characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 among older adults before the availability of vaccines. This work analyzes differences in clinical features and mortality in unvaccinated very old adults during the first and successive COVID-19 waves in Spain. Methods This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study analyzes unvaccinated patients >= 80 years hospitalized for COVID-19 in 150 Spanish hospitals (SEMI-COVID-19 Registry). Patients were classified according to whether they were admitted in the first wave (March 1-June 30, 2020) or successive waves (July 1-December 31, 2020). The endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality, expressed as the case fatality rate (CFR). Results Of the 21,461 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 5,953 (27.7%) were >= 80 years (mean age [IQR]: 85.6 [82.3-89.2] years). Of them, 4,545 (76.3%) were admitted during the first wave and 1,408 (23.7%) during successive waves. Patients hospitalized in successive waves were older, had a greater Charlson Comorbidity Index and dependency, less cough and fever, and met fewer severity criteria at admission (qSOFA index, PO2/FiO2 ratio, inflammatory parameters). Significant differences were observed in treatments used in the first (greater use of antimalarials, lopinavir, and macrolides) and successive waves (greater use of corticosteroids, tocilizumab and remdesivir). In-hospital complications, especially acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia, were less frequent in patients hospitalized in successive waves, except for heart failure. The CFR was significantly higher in the first wave (44.1% vs. 33.3%; -10.8%; p = 95 years (54.4% vs. 38.5%; -15.9%; p < 0.001). After adjustments to the model, the probability of death was 33% lower in successive waves (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.57-0.79). Conclusions Mortality declined significantly between the first and successive waves in very old unvaccinated patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain. This decline could be explained by a greater availability of hospital resources and more effective treatments as the pandemic progressed, although other factors such as changes in SARS-CoV-2 virulence cannot be ruled out

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for supersymmetry in events with photons and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at 13 TeV

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Search for narrow resonances in dilepton mass spectra in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV data

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Search for leptophobic Z ' bosons decaying into four-lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

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