Physicochemical and biological properties of novel chlorhexidine‐loaded nanotube‐modified dentin adhesive

A commercially available three‐step (etch‐and‐rinse) adhesive was modified by adding chlorhexidine (CHX)‐loaded nanotubes (Halloysite®, HNT) at two concentrations (CHX10% and CHX20%). The experimental groups were: SBMP (unmodified adhesive, control), HNT (SBMP modified with HNT), CHX10 (SBMP modified with HNT loaded with CHX10%), and CHX20 (SBMP modified with HNT loaded with CHX20%). Changes in the degree of conversion (DC%), Knoop hardness (KHN), water sorption (WS), solubility (SL), antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and anti‐matrix metalloproteinase [MMP‐1] activity (collagenase‐I) were evaluated. In regards to DC%, two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post‐hoc test revealed that only the factor “adhesive” was statistically significant (p 0.05). For Knoop microhardness, one‐way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s test showed statistically significant differences when comparing HNT (20.82 ± 1.65) and CHX20% (21.71 ± 2.83) with the SBMP and CHX10% groups. All adhesives presented similar WS and cytocompatibility. The CHX‐loaded nanotube‐modified adhesive released enough CHX to inhibit the growth of S. mutans and L. casei. Adhesive eluates were not able to effectively inhibit MMP‐1 activity. The evaluation of higher CHX concentrations might be necessary to provide an effective and predictable MMP inhibition. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res B Part B, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 868–875, 2019.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148225/1/jbmb34183_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148225/2/jbmb34183.pd

Clindamycin-modified Triple Antibiotic Nanofibers: A Stain-free Antimicrobial Intracanal Drug Delivery System

INTRODUCTION: A biocompatible strategy to promote bacterial eradication within the root canal system after pulpal necrosis of immature permanent teeth is critical to the success of regenerative endodontic procedures. This study sought to synthesize clindamycin-modified triple antibiotic (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin [CLIN]) polymer (polydioxanone [PDS]) nanofibers and determine in vitro their antimicrobial properties, cell compatibility, and dentin discoloration. METHODS: CLIN-only and triple antibiotic CLIN-modified (CLIN-m, minocycline-free) nanofibers were processed via electrospinning. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and tensile testing were performed to investigate fiber morphology, antibiotic incorporation, and mechanical strength, respectively. Antimicrobial properties of CLIN-only and CLIN-m nanofibers were assessed against several bacterial species by direct nanofiber/bacteria contact and over time based on aliquot collection up to 21 days. Cytocompatibility was measured against human dental pulp stem cells. Dentin discoloration upon nanofiber exposure was qualitatively recorded over time. The data were statistically analyzed (P < .05). RESULTS: The mean fiber diameter of CLIN-containing nanofibers ranged between 352 ± 128 nm and 349 ± 128 nm and was significantly smaller than PDS fibers. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of antibiotics in the nanofibers. Hydrated CLIN-m nanofibers showed similar tensile strength to antibiotic-free (PDS) nanofibers. All CLIN-containing nanofibers and aliquots demonstrated pronounced antimicrobial activity against all bacteria. Antibiotic-containing aliquots led to a slight reduction in dental pulp stem cell viability but were not considered toxic. No visible dentin discoloration upon CLIN-containing nanofiber exposure was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, based on the remarkable antimicrobial effects, cell-friendly, and stain-free properties, our data suggest that CLIN-m triple antibiotic nanofibers might be a viable alternative to minocycline-based antibiotic pastes

UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP: Promobiendo la ciudadania y la salud de las personas de la tercera edad

Objetivou-se avaliar a autopercepção dos idosos pertencentes à UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP quanto as condições da saúde bucal, por meio da entrevista semidiretiva e da aplicação do Índice de Gohai. O resultado obtido mostra uma condição bucal considerada de “regular” para “boa”. Esse resultado deriva da autopercepção que os entrevistados têm da própria boca, gengivas e dentes, e que justificam pelo fato de 59,26% não usarem próteses totais, apenas 20,40% portarem próteses parciais e 55,56% manterem, por seus critérios, boas condições das gengivas. Quando se relaciona a condição bucal à classe social a qual o idoso pertence, reafirma-se que ela é satisfatória, assim como relatam os diferentes estudos revisados. Apenas 5,26% dos pertencentes à classe média se auto-avaliam como “excelente”, enquanto 34,22% dessa classe e 10,53% dos pertencentes à chamada classe trabalhadora se auto-avaliam com “boa” condição bucal. Quanto ao perfil do entrevistado, 16,67% pertencem ao gênero masculino e 83,33% ao feminino e 51,85% são casados. Com relação à UNATI, 40,74% dos idosos a reconhecem como um centro de convivência, como espaço de atualização do conhecimento e rede de auxílio para novas amizades. Concluiu-se que: (1) o conhecimento sobre a autopercepção dos idosos da UNATI se revela pelo Índice de Gohai como “satisfatória”, segundo os critérios subjetivos, e pela ausência de qualquer incômodo nos últimos meses, devido a bons hábitos bucais, higienização e escolha do creme e da escova dental; (2) é necessário o conhecimento dos fatores epidemiológicos, por meio de exames clínicos, para colaborar na compreensão da auto-avaliação e também para identificar qualquer discrepância entre os critérios subjetivos e os técnicos e, assim, facilitar a elaboração de um programa e de ações educativas direcionando ao autodiagnóstico e autocuidado.The objective was to evaluate the self-perception of the elderly pertaining ones tothe UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP regarding buccal health, by means of the half-directiveinterview and of the application of the Index of Gohai. The result is that the oralhealth was considered as between "regular" and "good". This result comes fromthe self-perception that the interviewed ones have of their own mouths, gingivasand teeth and justified by the fact that 59,26% do not to use complete denture, only20.40% to carry partial dentures; 55,56% to keep, at their discretion, goodcondition of gingiva. Regarding to oral health to the social classroom which theelderly belongs, it is reaffirmed that it is satisfactory, as well as tell the differentrevised studies. But 5.26% of the pertaining ones to the middle classes if selfassessmentas being "excellent", while 34.22% in these classrooms and 10.53% ofpertaining to the calls the diligent classrooms if auto-assessment as having "good"oral health. As of the profile of the interviewed ones, 16.67% are from male genderand 83.33% to the female, and 51.85% are married. With relation to UNATI,40.74% of elder consider it as a aging center, as space of update of theirknowledge and network for new friendships. One concluded that: (1) theknowledge on the self-perception of the aged ones of the UNATI is considered"satisfactory" according to the Index of Gohai, subjective criteria, and for theabsence of any bother in the last months, for the factors as good buccal habits, forthe hygienic cleaning and the choice of the dental cream and the dental brush; (2)the epidemiologistic factors knowledge by means of clinical examinations isnecessary to help understanding of the self-assessment, as well to identify anydiscrepancies between subjective and technician criteria, thus to facilitate theelaboration of a program and educative actions directing to the self-diagnosis andself-care.El objetivo es evaluar la autopercepción de las personas de la tercera edad, pertenecientes a UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP, en relación a las condiciones de la salud bucal, realizado por médio de una entrevista semidirecta y de la aplicación del Índice de Gohai. El resultado obtenido muestra una condición bucal considerada de "regular" para "buena". Ese resultado deriba de la autopercepción que los entrevistados tienen de la propia boca, encias y dientes, y justifican por el hecho de que 59.26% no usaron prótesis total, apenas 20.4% usaron prótesis parcial y 55.56% mantubieron, por sus propios criterios buenas condiciones de las encias. Cuando se relaciona la condición bucal a la clase social a la cual el idoso pertenece, se afirma que ella es satisfactoria, como describen los diferentes estudios analisados. Apenas 5.26% de los pertenecientes a la clase media se autoevaluan como "excelentes", en cuanto que 34.22% de esa clase y 10.53% delos pertenecientes a la llamada clase trabajadora se autoevaluan como condición bucal "buena". En relación al perfil del entrevistado, 16.67% pertenecen al género masculino y 83.33% al femenino y 51.85% son casados. En relación al UNATI, 40,74% de los de la tercera edad lo reconocen como un centro de convivência, como espacio de actualización del conocimiento y red de auxilio para nuevas amistades. Concluimos que: (1) el conocimiento sobre la autopercepción de los dela tercera edad de la UNATI se rebela por el índice de Gohai como "satisfactoria", según los criterios subjetivos, y por la ausencia de cualquier incómodo en los últimos meses, debido a buenos hábitos bucales, higiene y elección de la crema dental y cepillo de dientes; (2) es necesario el conocimiento de los factores epidemiológicos por medio de exames clínicos, para colaborar en la comprensiónde la auto-avaliación y tambien para identificar cualquier conflicto entre los criterios subjetivos y los técnicos y, facilitar la colaboración de un programa y de acciones educativas direccionadas al autodiagnóstico y autocuidado

UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP: Promobiendo la ciudadania y la salud de las personas de la tercera edad

Objetivou-se avaliar a autopercepção dos idosos pertencentes à UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP quanto as condições da saúde bucal, por meio da entrevista semidiretiva e da aplicação do Índice de Gohai. O resultado obtido mostra uma condição bucal considerada de “regular” para “boa”. Esse resultado deriva da autopercepção que os entrevistados têm da própria boca, gengivas e dentes, e que justificam pelo fato de 59,26% não usarem próteses totais, apenas 20,40% portarem próteses parciais e 55,56% manterem, por seus critérios, boas condições das gengivas. Quando se relaciona a condição bucal à classe social a qual o idoso pertence, reafirma-se que ela é satisfatória, assim como relatam os diferentes estudos revisados. Apenas 5,26% dos pertencentes à classe média se auto-avaliam como “excelente”, enquanto 34,22% dessa classe e 10,53% dos pertencentes à chamada classe trabalhadora se auto-avaliam com “boa” condição bucal. Quanto ao perfil do entrevistado, 16,67% pertencem ao gênero masculino e 83,33% ao feminino e 51,85% são casados. Com relação à UNATI, 40,74% dos idosos a reconhecem como um centro de convivência, como espaço de atualização do conhecimento e rede de auxílio para novas amizades. Concluiu-se que: (1) o conhecimento sobre a autopercepção dos idosos da UNATI se revela pelo Índice de Gohai como “satisfatória”, segundo os critérios subjetivos, e pela ausência de qualquer incômodo nos últimos meses, devido a bons hábitos bucais, higienização e escolha do creme e da escova dental; (2) é necessário o conhecimento dos fatores epidemiológicos, por meio de exames clínicos, para colaborar na compreensão da auto-avaliação e também para identificar qualquer discrepância entre os critérios subjetivos e os técnicos e, assim, facilitar a elaboração de um programa e de ações educativas direcionando ao autodiagnóstico e autocuidado.The objective was to evaluate the self-perception of the elderly pertaining ones tothe UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP regarding buccal health, by means of the half-directiveinterview and of the application of the Index of Gohai. The result is that the oralhealth was considered as between "regular" and "good". This result comes fromthe self-perception that the interviewed ones have of their own mouths, gingivasand teeth and justified by the fact that 59,26% do not to use complete denture, only20.40% to carry partial dentures; 55,56% to keep, at their discretion, goodcondition of gingiva. Regarding to oral health to the social classroom which theelderly belongs, it is reaffirmed that it is satisfactory, as well as tell the differentrevised studies. But 5.26% of the pertaining ones to the middle classes if selfassessmentas being "excellent", while 34.22% in these classrooms and 10.53% ofpertaining to the calls the diligent classrooms if auto-assessment as having "good"oral health. As of the profile of the interviewed ones, 16.67% are from male genderand 83.33% to the female, and 51.85% are married. With relation to UNATI,40.74% of elder consider it as a aging center, as space of update of theirknowledge and network for new friendships. One concluded that: (1) theknowledge on the self-perception of the aged ones of the UNATI is considered"satisfactory" according to the Index of Gohai, subjective criteria, and for theabsence of any bother in the last months, for the factors as good buccal habits, forthe hygienic cleaning and the choice of the dental cream and the dental brush; (2)the epidemiologistic factors knowledge by means of clinical examinations isnecessary to help understanding of the self-assessment, as well to identify anydiscrepancies between subjective and technician criteria, thus to facilitate theelaboration of a program and educative actions directing to the self-diagnosis andself-care.El objetivo es evaluar la autopercepción de las personas de la tercera edad, pertenecientes a UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP, en relación a las condiciones de la salud bucal, realizado por médio de una entrevista semidirecta y de la aplicación del Índice de Gohai. El resultado obtenido muestra una condición bucal considerada de "regular" para "buena". Ese resultado deriba de la autopercepción que los entrevistados tienen de la propia boca, encias y dientes, y justifican por el hecho de que 59.26% no usaron prótesis total, apenas 20.4% usaron prótesis parcial y 55.56% mantubieron, por sus propios criterios buenas condiciones de las encias. Cuando se relaciona la condición bucal a la clase social a la cual el idoso pertenece, se afirma que ella es satisfactoria, como describen los diferentes estudios analisados. Apenas 5.26% de los pertenecientes a la clase media se autoevaluan como "excelentes", en cuanto que 34.22% de esa clase y 10.53% delos pertenecientes a la llamada clase trabajadora se autoevaluan como condición bucal "buena". En relación al perfil del entrevistado, 16.67% pertenecen al género masculino y 83.33% al femenino y 51.85% son casados. En relación al UNATI, 40,74% de los de la tercera edad lo reconocen como un centro de convivência, como espacio de actualización del conocimiento y red de auxilio para nuevas amistades. Concluimos que: (1) el conocimiento sobre la autopercepción de los dela tercera edad de la UNATI se rebela por el índice de Gohai como "satisfactoria", según los criterios subjetivos, y por la ausencia de cualquier incómodo en los últimos meses, debido a buenos hábitos bucales, higiene y elección de la crema dental y cepillo de dientes; (2) es necesario el conocimiento de los factores epidemiológicos por medio de exames clínicos, para colaborar en la comprensiónde la auto-avaliación y tambien para identificar cualquier conflicto entre los criterios subjetivos y los técnicos y, facilitar la colaboración de un programa y de acciones educativas direccionadas al autodiagnóstico y autocuidado

Chlorhexidine-modified nanotubes and their effects on the polymerization and bonding performance of a dental adhesive

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to synthesize chlorhexidine (CHX)-encapsulated aluminosilicate clay nanotubes (Halloysite®, HNTs) and to incorporate them into the primer/adhesive components of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system (SBMP; Scotchbond Multipurpose, 3M ESPE) and to test their effects on degree of conversion, viscosity, immediate and long-term bonding to dentin. Methods: CHX-modified HNTs were synthesized using 10% or 20% CHX solutions. The primer and the adhesive components of SBMP were incorporated with 15wt.% of the CHX-encapsulated HNTs. Degree of conversion (DC) and viscosity analyses were performed to characterize the modified primers/adhesives. For bond strength testing, acid-etched dentin was treated with one of the following: SBMP (control); 0.2%CHX solution before SBMP; CHX-modified primers+SBMP adhesive; SBMP primer+CHX-modified adhesives; and SBMP primer+CHX-free HNT-modified adhesive. The microtensile bond strength test was performed after immediate (24h) and long-term (6 months) of water storage. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey (α=5%) and the Weibull analysis. Results: DC was greater for the CHX-free HNT-modified adhesive, whereas the other experimental adhesives showed similar DC as compared with the control. Primers were less viscous than the adhesives, without significant differences within the respective materials. At 24h, all groups showed similar bonding performance and structural reliability; whereas at the 6-month period, groups treated with the 0.2%CHX solution prior bonding or with the CHX-modified primers resulted in greater bond strength than the control and superior reliability. Significance: The modification of a primer or adhesive with CHX-encapsulated HNTs was an advantageous approach that did not impair the polymerization, viscosity and bonding performance of the materials, showing a promising long-term effect on resin-dentin bonds

Content of Minerals and Antinutritional Factors in Akara (Fried Cowpea Food)

The aim of the study was the quantifaction of minerals and antinutritional factors in akara (AK) and its crude mass (CM). Deep-frying was performed on 5 consecutive days. Potassium and phosphorus were the most abundant elements naturally present (545-719 mg 100 g-1 and 210-375 mg 100 g-1, respectively), while sodium exhibited the highest contents (699-1,869 mg 100 g-1) because of salt addition to CM. The content of antinutritional factors in AK and CM were determined to be: 11.27 ± 0.17 and 9.9 ± 0.14 µmol g-1 (InsP5); 2.92 ± 0.03 and 3.75 ± 0.11 µmol g-1 (InsP6); 1.73 ± 0.16 and 1.68 ± 0.02 mg eq. CE g-1 (tannins); 6.35 ± 0.03 and 6.27 ± 0.03 mg g-1 (polyphenols); 0.50 ± 0.00 and 0.0 HU kg-1 (hemagglutinins). Deep frying led to a signiï¬cant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in the content of most of the minerals and antinutritional factors analyzed. Nonetheless, AK was shown to be a good source of K, P, Mg, Mn, Mo, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn. However, bioavailability of the Fe and Zn was low

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Sex-stratified Genome-wide Association Studies Including 270,000 Individuals Show Sexual Dimorphism in Genetic Loci for Anthropometric Traits

Peer reviewe

Effect of a chlorhexidine-encapsulated nanotube modified pit-and-fissure sealant on oral biofilm

The purpose of this study was to characterize a chlorhexidine-encapsulated nanotube modified pit-and-fissure sealant for biofilm development prevention. HS (commercial control); HNT (HS+15wt%Halloysite®-clay-nanotube); CHX10% (HS+15wt% HNT-encapsulated with chlorhexidine 10%); and CHX20% (HS+15wt% HNT-encapsulated with CHX20%) were tested. Degree-of-conversion (DC%), Knoop hardness (KHN), and viscosity were analyzed. The ability of the sealant to wet the fissures was evaluated. Specimens were tested for zones of inhibition of microbial growth. S. mutans biofilm was tested by measuring recovered viability. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). DC% was significantly higher for the HNT-CHX groups. For KHN, CHX10% presented a lower mean value than the other groups. Adding HNT resulted in higher viscosity values. The biofilm on CHX10% and CHX20% sealants presented remarkable CFU/mL reduction in comparison to the HS. The experimental material was able to reduce the biofilm development in S. mutans biofilm without compromising the sealant properties