An open-loop approach to study the stochastic properties

Randomness is an inevitable aspect of biological networks. It has been long accepted that variability of components in a network can propagate throughout the network. In this thesis, we introduce a method that allows us to decompose the total variability of a single component into individual contributions from the other components in a network. Our method of noise decomposition helps us investigate key parameters and their relative impact on the total normalized noise and also allows us to illustrate the importance of different system modifications by adding or omitting biological processes. With our generally applicable noise decomposition method, we are able to determine the strength of individual correlations induced by different co-regulation processes that connect different components of a network. In bistable systems, variability can occur through stochastic transitions from one steady state to another. Noise induced transitions between two steady states are difficult to calculate due to the intricate interplay between nonlinear dynamics and noise in bistable positive feedback loops. We open multicomponent feedback loops at the slowest variables in order to calculate the transition rates from one steady state to another. By reclosing the feedback loop, we calculate the mean first passage time (MFPT) using the Fokker-Planck equation. It is important to emphasize that the accurate approximation of the open-loop results is not a sufficient condition for a good prediction of the MFPT. We show that only the opening at the slowest variable warrants an accurate prediction of MFPT. Multiplicative interactions among different components can introduce correlations among noises. We show that the introduced correlations affect the mean and variance of the open loop function and consequently increase the transition rate between two steady states in the closed-loop system. Our results indicate that the open-loop approach can contribute to the theoretical prediction of the MFPT. The theoretical results are shown to be in good agreement with the results of stochastic simulation

The Indian Tribal Art Market

Abstract: In the study of art market of Indian tribal, creativeeconomy, cultural economy effect on consumer behavior, governmentprotection, changes of cultural believes and religion by tribal for increasing market, art economic etc. has been considered. In Indian tribal art economics, creative imagination coming from their culture, believes, religions etc. So it becomes more sensitive and restricted. The Field work was conducted in Bhopal (IGRMS), Madhya Pradesh, India. Data collection was performed by qualitative informal depth interview and quantitative data by questionnaire. Tools and technique were including photography, observation; case study (Bhil and Rathwa communities) Research duration was fromMay2015 to March 2016. Consumers of Indian tribal art divided to four categories: foreigners, NRI, artist and very rare common people. The government protection of Tribal art is based on Article 342. The protection is governed by the Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Tribal affairs, Government of India. And also by organizations like IGRMS, TRIFED, TRTI, Lalit Kala Academy etc. Protection of arts in India is performed under section 22 of the copy right Act 1957, intellectual property right and also scheme of “Market Development of Tribal Products/ Produce. In conclusion art marketing doesn’t have a particular formula for all type of art because they have different target audience.Keywords: Art Market, Creative Economy, Cultural Economy, Indian Tribal Art, Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS

An open-loop approach to calculate noise-induced transitions

Bistability permits the co-existence of two distinct cell fates in a population of genetically identical cells. Noise induced transitions between two fates of a bistable system are difficult to calculate due to the intricate interplay between nonlinear dynamics and noise in bistable positive feedback loops. Here we opened multivariable feedback loops at the slowest variable to obtain the open-loop function and the fluctuations in the open-loop output. By the subsequent reclosing of the loop, we calculated the mean first passage time (MFPT) using the Fokker-Planck equation in good agreement with the exact stochastic simulation. When an external component interacts with a feedback component, it amplifies the extrinsic noise in the loop. Consequently, the open-loop function is shifted and the transition rates between the two states in the closed loop are increased. Despite this shift, the open-loop output reflects the system faithfully to predict the MFPT in the feedback loop. Therefore, the open-loop approach can help theoretical analysis. Furthermore, the measurement of the mean value, variance, and the reaction time-scale of the open-loop output permits the prediction of MFPT simply from experimental data, which underscores the practical value of the stochastic open-loop approach

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and lecithin affects levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein and hypoxic stress resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Considering the role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and soybean lecithin (SBL) in fat digestion, absorption and metabolism as well as stress resistance in aquatic organisms, the current study was a 74-day attempt to investigate the synergistic effects of these two compounds on stress resistance and blood lipoprotein levels of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 120±5 g. Nine isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets containing 1, 2 and 3% CLA and 2, 3 and 4% soybean lecithin on the basis of the basal control diet (free from CLA and lecithin) were formulated. The fish were exposed to three ascending periods of hypoxic stress (7.5, 15 and 30 min) at the end of culture period. The dissolved oxygen was decreased to 1.96 ppm by injecting nitrogen gas. Significantly higher levels of cortisol and glucose were detected in fish fed on diets having higher levels of SBL (2%) and CLA (3%) at higher stress time improving the resistance to hypoxia stress (P≤0.05). Moreover, levels of triglyceride (TRG), cholesterol (COL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) also increased significantly compared to the control group (P≤0.05). This study reveals that using 2% SBL and 3% CLA in rainbow trout feed can promote resistance to hypoxic stress

Immuno-biosensor for Detection of CD20-Positive Cells Using Surface Plasmon Resonance

Purpose: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing confers a real-time assessment of molecular interactions between biomolecules and their ligands. This approach is highly sensitive and reproducible and could be employed to confirm the successful binding of drugs to cell surface targets. The specific affinity of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) for their target antigens is being utilized for development of immuno-sensors and therapeutic agents. CD20 is a surface protein of B lymphocytes which has been widely employed for immuno-targeting of B-cell related disorders. In the present study, binding ability of an anti-CD20 MAb to surface antigens of intact target cells was investigated by SPR technique. Methods: Two distinct strategies were used for immobilization of the anti-CD20 MAb onto gold (Au) chips. MUA (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid) and Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) were the two systems used for this purpose. A suspension of CD20-positive Raji cells was injected in the analyte phase and the resulting interactions were analyzed and compared to those of MOLT-4 cell line as CD20-negative control. Results: Efficient binding of anti-CD20 MAb to the surface antigens of Raji cell line was confirmed by both immobilizing methods, whereas this MAb had not a noticeable affinity to the MOLT-4 cells. Conclusion: According to the outcomes, the investigated MAb had acceptable affinity and specificity to the target antigens on the cell surface and could be utilized for immuno-detection of CD20-positive intact cells by SPR method

Contribution of bistability and noise to cell fate transitions determined by feedback opening

AbstractAlternative cell fates represent a form of non-genetic diversity, which can promote adaptation and functional specialization. It is difficult to predict the rate of the transition between two cell fates due to the strong effect of noise on feedback loops and missing parameters. We opened synthetic positive feedback loops experimentally to obtain open-loop functions. These functions allowed us to identify a deterministic model of bistability by bypassing noise and the requirement to resolve individual processes in the loop. Combining the open-loop function with kinetic measurements and reintroducing the measured noise, we were able to predict the transition rates for the feedback systems without parameter tuning. Noise in gene expression was the key determinant of the transition rates inside the bistable range. Transitions between two cell fates were also observed outside of the bistable range, evidenced by bimodality and hysteresis. In this case, a slow transient process was the rate-limiting step in the transitions. Thus, feedback opening is an effective approach to identify the determinants of cell fate transitions and to predict their rates

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Effect of eight weeks high-fat diet with endurance training on plasma levels of Amylin in male Wistar rats

Background: Amylin is a polypeptide hormone prevents weight gain and obesity by loss of appetite. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the effect of eight weeks high-fat diet with endurance training on body weight and plasma levels of amylin in male wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 young male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8) includes control (C), high fat diet + training (ET+HFD) and high fat diet (HFD) groups in age range 50 to 60 days and average weight 160&plusmn;10 g. The (ET+HFD) group rats run on treadmill without slope by 5 day/week, per session 20-63 min, 15-30 m/min velocity for eight weeks and they used a high fat diet. The control group used for initial sampling and high fat diet (HFD) group no train. High fat diet was included 60% fat, 24% CHO and 16% protein available two groups; C and ET. Blood sampling was conducted after latest training session with 12h fasting. The amylin concentration was measured by Cusabio Biotech elisa kit. The collected data were analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey Post-Hoc tests (P<0/05). Results: There were no significant difference between amylin levels in (ET+HFD) and (HFD) groups compared to control (C) group (p=0/25, p=0/867). The reduction of amylin concentration was no significant in (ET+HFD) group than HFD group (p=0/543). The rats' body weight were higher significantly in ET+HFD and HFD than control group (p<0/0001). No difference significant appears between body weight in ET+HFD and HFD group rats (p=0/795). Conclusion: It seems that high fat diet for eight weeks with and without endurance exercise training does not change plasma level of amylin concentration in rats. However, high fat diet increase rats body weight and eight weeks endurance training was not able to reduce body weight in high fat diet-fed rats

Effect of Translucency and Opacity of Fiber Reinforced Intracanal Posts on Fracture Resistance of Compromised Teeth

Background and Aim: Severely damaged teeth with no support at the coronal portion of root canal are very difficult to restore. The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate intraradicular reinforcement by dual cure composite resin and two different types of fiber reinforced composite (FRC) posts (translucent and opaque) in structurally compromised roots. Materials and Methods: Root canal therapy was performed for 48 maxillary central inci-sors. The teeth were divided into four groups, and specimens from three groups were pre-pared to simulate the teeth with flared canals. In the 1st group, no weakening was done. In the 2nd group, the compromised area of the root canal was filled with gutta percha. In the 3rd and 4th groups, universal DT light and DT white posts were used respectively in the root canal to 8 mm below the margin of the palatal wall. The posts were cemented with dual-cure composite. In all groups, the access cavity was restored with light-cure compo-site resin. After being mounted, all specimens were pressed at an angle of 45º relative to the long axis of the teeth. The amount of force at fracture was recorded. Results of frac-ture load were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test and the results of mode of fracture were evaluated by chi–square test. Results: The mean fracture load for the four groups was 170.12, 71.40, 125.8 and 148.59 kgf, respectively. There was a significant difference between the mean fracture load of 1st and 2nd groups and that of other groups (p=0.001). The mean fracture load of the 4th group was significantly (p=0.002) higher than that of the 3rd group. The frequency of restorable fractures was significantly different between these two groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: Using dual cure composite resin and FRC posts in roots with thin walls will reinforce the compromised teeth but the type of post will affect the outcome