75 research outputs found
Medias bild av misstÀnkta kvinnor - med sÀrskilt fokus pÄ Sommarstugemordet
Media som inte utgör public service finansieras genom annonsförsĂ€ljning. Det leder till att tidningarna vĂ€ljer ut sitt innehĂ„ll utifrĂ„n vad de tror sĂ€ljer och det finns vissa omstĂ€ndigheter som ökar nyhetsvĂ€rdet i en hĂ€ndelse. Av de som stĂ„r misstĂ€nkta för brott utgör kvinnor cirka 20 %. Den lĂ„ga andelen medför att hĂ€ndelser med kvinnliga misstĂ€nkta blir sensationella och oförutsĂ€gbara och att hĂ€ndelserna fĂ„r nyhetsvĂ€rde. 2016 och 2017 Ă„rs nyhetsmedia uppfylldes av rĂ€ttsfallet som kom att gĂ„ under namnet Sommarstugemordet. Det rörde en mans drunkning samt en knivattack pĂ„ ett sovande par. Fallet innehöll flera nyhetsvĂ€rdiga faktorer sĂ„ som vĂ„ld och en kvinnlig misstĂ€nkt. Kriminologisk forskning baseras pĂ„ mĂ€n vilket betyder att media inte har nĂ„gra förklaringar till varför kvinnor begĂ„r brott. Det medför att media tenderar att anvĂ€nda standardbeskrivningar nĂ€r de rapporterar om kvinnor som misstĂ€nks för brott. Kvinnan kan bli offer eller monster, dĂ„lig mor, mytiskt monster eller beskrivas utifrĂ„n sin sexualitet. TvĂ„ personer stod misstĂ€nkta för Sommarstugemordet och media kom att fokusera pĂ„ kvinnan. Uppsatsen undersöker varför fallet blev uppmĂ€rksammat och genom en empirisk undersökning av SVT:s och Aftonbladets artiklar kring Sommarstugemordet innan rĂ€ttegĂ„ngen studeras hur media beskrev den kvinnliga misstĂ€nka.Media that isnât public service finance their business through selling ads. Journalists and editors therefore choose the context of their media depending on what they believe will sell and there are circumstances that increase the newsworthiness of a story. Female suspects make up about 20 % of all the people suspected of crimes. Stories involving female suspects are therefore sensational and unpredictable and these stories will always be newsworthy. During 2016 and 2017, the news media turned much of their attention towards a criminal case that got the name âSommarstugemordetâ (The cabin murder). It involved one manâs drowning and a knife attack on a sleeping couple. Sommarstugemordet contained several factors that creates newsworthiness, amongst others violence and a female suspect. Criminal research is based on men and, as a result, there arenât any explanations regarding why women commit crimes. Because of that, media tends to use standard descriptions of the woman to explain why she stands suspected of a crime. She can become monster or victim, bad wife, mythical monster or described through her sexuality. There were two suspects of Sommarstugemordet, one man and one woman, and media focused on the female. My thesis aims to explain the reasons behind the caseâs huge attention in the media and I will study how the media described the female suspect through an empirical analysis of articles published by SVT and Aftonbladet before the trial
Studies on the roles of stromal CXCL14 in tumor growth, progression and metastasis formation
Cancer consists of several diseases that are characterized by accumulation of genetic and
epigenetic alterations that provide cells with certain capabilities to form tumors. Among these
acquired capabilities are enhanced invasion that allow cancer cells to escape from the primary
tumor, enter the circulation and eventually reach distant tissues where they form metastasis.
Breast and prostate cancer are the most common cancers in Sweden with about 9000 new
cases diagnosed each year. The major cause of cancer-related mortality is metastatic disease
and new treatments interfering with the underlying mechanisms of metastasis are highly
warranted.
Enhanced metastasis formation has been shown to occur by reactivation of the developmental
program epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulated by various stimuli, including
secreted factors from the tumor stroma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most
common stromal cell type that interacts with tumor cells to promote tumor progression and
metastasis formation. CAFs have been identified as an important source of EMT-inducing
factors including, among others, chemokines. CXCL14 is a CAF-secreted chemokine that
promote tumor progression both via autocrine effects on CAFs and paracrine signaling with
tumor cells.
The studies in this thesis aimed to achieve a better understanding of the functions of
fibroblast-derived CXCL14 in tumor biology and the clinical relevance of this chemokine,
with a focus on breast and prostate cancer. The first study explored the molecular
mechanisms underlying the protumoral effects of fibroblasts expressing CXCL14. NOS1 was
discovered as an intracellular component of CXCL14 signaling in CAFs that maintain their
tumor supporting functions. Enhanced oxidative stress in CXCL14-fibroblasts upregulated
NOS1 that augmented tumor growth and tumor-infiltration of macrophages. The second
study reports that CXCL14 expression in the tumor stroma is an independent negative maker
for breast cancer survival. Based on sub-group specific analyses it was shown that the
correlation between stromal CXCL14-expression and poor prognosis of breast cancer was
more prominent in basal-like and triple negative breast cancers. Interestingly, only stromal
expression and not tumor cell expression of CXCL14 correlated with worse survival. In the
third study, fibroblast secreted CXCL14 was shown to promote cancer cell EMT, invasion
and metastasis, effects directly induced by CXCL14 signaling. Moreover, ACKR2 was
identified as a receptor for the orphan chemokine and CXCL14/ACKR2 signaling correlated
with an EMT gene expression signature in breast cancer patients.
In general, these studies have uncovered important functions of CXCL14 in both maintaining
a tumor-promoting CAF-phenotype, via induction of NOS1, as well as enhancing tumor
progression by induction of tumor cell EMT, invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, ACKR2
was identified as a CXCL14-signaling receptor. Clinical relevance of the experimental
findings was established by correlations of CXCL14/ACKR2 signaling with EMT and the
identification of stromal CXCL14 expression as an independent marker for survival of breast
cancer patients
AllmÀnkirurgipatienters tillfredsstÀllelse av den preoperativa informationen kring smÀrta och smÀrtbehandling
Tidigare forskning tyder pÄ att en vÀlinformerad och delaktig patient upplever mindre preoperativ Ängest och postoperativ smÀrta. Enligt rÄdande lagar ska patienter vara delaktiga och vÄrden ska vara individanpassad. Trots detta finns idag inga riktlinjer kring hur den preoperativa informationen och bedömningen ska gÄ till inom Region SkÄne. Syftet med studien var att beskriva allmÀnkirurgipatienters tillfredsstÀllelse av den preoperativa informationen om smÀrta och smÀrtbehandling samt upplevd postoperativ smÀrta. Data insamlades via enkÀter pÄ SkÄnes universitetssjukhus i Lund och 83 respondenter deltog. Resultatet visade att 69 % av patienterna var nöjda med informationen om smÀrta men endast 19 % kÀnde sig delaktiga i de beslut som fattades kring deras smÀrtbehandling. Av respondenterna upplevde 40 % att den postoperativa smÀrtan var ett stort problem. Författarna rekommenderar tydligare riktlinjer kring vems ansvar det Àr att informera om smÀrta och smÀrtbehandlin
Strategier för att bemÀstra livssituationen efter amputation av en nedre extremitet
Personer som genomgÄtt amputation av en nedre extremitet kan anvÀnda sig av en mÀngd olika strategier för att hantera sin nya livssituation. I tidigare forskning har strategier inte fÄtt nÄgot större fokus utan den har inriktat sig pÄ den fysiska ÄterhÀmtningen. Syftet var att beskriva vilka strategier vuxna personer som amputerat en nedre extremitet kan anvÀnda för att bemÀstra sin nya livssituation. En litteraturstudie genomfördes med ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv som kopplats till omvÄrdnadsteoretikern Jean Watson. Genom en integrerad analys av nio studier framkom fem kategorier med sammanlagt elva strategier: att anvÀnda jÀmförelse, att ha ett mÄl, att finna mening med amputationen, att söka stöd och ta emot hjÀlp och att avleda. Strategierna som presenteras kan anvÀndas som ett underlag för sjuksköterskan i arbetet med personer som genomgÄtt amputation av en nedre extremitet, bÄde i det akuta skedet och med tiden
Brief communication: future avenues for permafrost science from the perspective of early career researchers
Accelerating climate change and increased economic and environmental interests in permafrost-affected regions have resulted in an acute need for more directed permafrost research. In June 2014, 88 early career researchers convened to identify future priorities for permafrost research. This multidisciplinary forum concluded that five research topics deserve greatest attention: permafrost landscape dynamics, permafrost thermal modeling, integration of traditional knowledge, spatial distribution of ground ice, and engineering issues. These topics underline the need for integrated research across a spectrum of permafrost-related domains and constitute a contribution to the Third International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP III).The Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchEC 7th Framework Programme them
Tailored vs. Standardized Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression and Comorbid Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Background and Aims:Major depression can be treated by means of cognitive behavior therapy, delivered via the Internet as guided self-help. Individually tailored guided self-help treatments have shown promising results in the treatment of anxiety disorders. This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of an Internet-based individually tailored guided selfhelp treatment which specifically targeted depression with comorbid symptoms. The treatment was compared both to standardized (non-tailored) Internet-based treatment and to an active control group in the form of a monitored online discussion group. Both guided self-help treatments were based on cognitive behavior therapy and lasted for 10 weeks. The discussion group consisted of weekly discussion themes related to depression and the treatment of depression. Methods:A total of 121 participants with diagnosed major depressive disorder and with a range of comorbid symptoms were randomized to three groups. The tailored treatment consisted of a prescribed set of modules targeting depression as well as comorbid problems. The standardized treatment was a previously tested guided self-help program for depression. Results:From pre-treatment to post-treatment, both treatment groups improved on measures of depression, anxiety and quality of life. The results were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. Subgroup analyses showed that the tailored treatment was more effective than the standardized treatment among participants with higher levels of depression at baseline and more comorbidity, both in terms of reduction of depressive symptoms and on recovery rates. In the subgroup with lower baseline scores of depression, few differences were seen between treatments and the discussion group. Conclusions:This study shows that tailored Internet-based treatment for depression is effective and that addressing comorbidity by tailoring may be one way of making guided self-help treatments more effective than standardized approaches in the treatment of more severe depression
Design of an online health-promoting community: negotiating user community needs with public health goals and service capabilities
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions
Experiences of preventive health initiatives â a phenomenological study among elderly and their relatives
Introduktion: Fallolyckor bland Àldre Àr ett stort folkhÀlsoproblem som leder till kostnader
och lidanden. Det Àr dÀrför viktigt att undersöka Àldres upplevelser av preventiva
hÀlsoinsatser för att kunna förebygga fallskador och öka livskvaliteten.
Syfte: Att undersöka hur de Àldre i Tynnered och deras anhöriga upplever de preventiva
hÀlsoinsatserna Fixar-Tony, Förebyggande hembesök och TrÀffpunkten. Dessa insatser har
genomförts för att motverka fallolyckor, förbÀttra den fysiska miljön och ge nÀrhet till
gemenskap och service.
Metod: En kvalitativ induktiv studie med ett fenomenologiskt förhÄllningssÀtt
genomfördes. TvÄ semistrukturerade intervjuer med Àldre som fÄtt förebyggande
hemverksamhet, brukar besöka TrÀffpunkten och kunnat utnyttja tjÀnsten fixar Tony
intervjuades, samt tre anhöriga.
Resultat: Vi fann tre essenser frÄn intervjuerna med de Àldre vilka var; kÀnslor, relationer
och hantering av vardag. Bland de anhöriga hittades fyra essenser: relationer, kÀnslor,
förÀndringar och samhÀllet. Sociala aktiviteter och TrÀffpunkten visade sig vara sÀrskilt
betydelsefulla för alla informanter.
Diskussion: Denna studie kan ses som en pilotstudie dÄ samplet med fem medverkande
varit relativt litet. Resultatet visar dock pÄ att upplevelserna av verksamheterna Fixar-Tony,
och TrÀffpunkten varit positiva hos samtliga informanter. Fortsatta studier med fler
medverkande kan behövas för att styrka detta och göra resultatet mer överförbart till andra
kontexter.FolkhÀlsovetenskapligt progra
Characterisation of NH3 adsorption on a V-SCR catalyst
All around the world the environmental focus is growing rapidly.The aim of thismasterâs thesis has been to work on developing experimental methodologies to achieve qualitatively, reliable and optimal data used on modelling. The selected study case is the analysis of ammonia adsorption on a V-SCR catalyst, which is an important step for future SCR-performance. Over the last years the mechanism of the V-SCR catalyst and the nature of its active sites have been widely discussed in order to be understood. However, so far, no clear conclusionshavebeen established about the catalytic mechanism, particularly on atomic level,thatdemonstrates the complexity of the catalytic chemistry within the SCR process. The kinetics of the adsorption of ammonia on a commercial V-SCR catalyst needs further investigation and much more knowledge is neededto understand the chemistry and the behavior behind it. In order to obtain this, new methods where high-quality data is achievedfor the adsorption phenomenon, need to be developed.The results from this workhas demonstrated the used method to be a reliable way to ensure reproductively dataat each temperature used for ammonia adsorption performed over a V-SCR catalyst. Further work with focus on the in-depth of the kinetics in the adsorptionprocessis needed.It is necessary toenhance the understanding ofthe behaviour of theadsorption on theactive sitesof the V-SCR catalyst surface as well as performing tests with lowerammoniaconcentrations for an even better understandingof the processes.Ăver hela vĂ€rlden vĂ€xerfokus pĂ„ miljön snabbt. Insikten om behovet av att minska föroreningar och avgaser krĂ€ver nya lösningar inommĂ„nga omrĂ„den. Syftet med examensarbetethar varit att utveckla experimentella metoder för att sĂ€kerstĂ€lla att data som anvĂ€nds vid modellering erhĂ„ller enbra kvalitet, Ă€r pĂ„litlig och optimal. Det valda studiefallet har varit att analysera ammoniakadsorptionen pĂ„ en V-SCR-katalysator, vilket Ă€r ett viktigt steg för SCR-prestandan.Under de senaste Ă„ren har mekanismen för V-SCR-katalysatorn och naturen av dess aktiva sĂ€ten diskuterats i stor utstrĂ€ckning för att bĂ€ttre kunna förstĂ„s. Hittills har ingen klar slutsats etablerats om den katalytiska mekanismen, speciellt pĂ„ atomnivĂ„,vilket visar pĂ„ komplexiteten iden katalytiska kemin inom SCR-processen. Kinetiken för adsorption av ammoniak pĂ„ en kommersiell V-SCR-katalysator behöver undersökas ytterligare och mer kunskap behövs för att förstĂ„ kemin och beteendet bakom. För att uppnĂ„ detta mĂ„ste nya metoder utvecklas dĂ€r högkvalitativa data uppnĂ„sfrĂ„n adsorptionen av ammoniaken pĂ„ en V-SCR katalysator. Resultaten frĂ„n detta arbete har visat att den valda metoden Ă€r ett tillförlitligt sĂ€tt att sĂ€kerstĂ€lla reproduktivt datavid varje temperatur som anvĂ€nds för den studerade adsorptionen av ammoniak pĂ„ en V-SCR katalysator. Ytterligare arbete krĂ€vsmed störrefokus pĂ„ djupet av kinetiken inomadsorptionsprocessen. Detta för att öka förstĂ„elsen för beteendet hosadsorptionen pĂ„ de aktiva sĂ€tenahos ytan pĂ„ V-SCR katalysatornsamt utförande av test med lĂ€grekoncentration av ammoniak förenĂ€nnu bĂ€ttre förstĂ„else
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