Validación del Cuestionario de Creencias Centrales de los Trastornos de la Personalidad (CCE-TP) en población colombiana

RESUMEN: Se construyó un cuestionario para evaluar creencias centrales asociadas con los trastornos de la personalidad, fundamentadas en el Modelo de la Terapia Cognitiva. Se realizó el análisis estructural y la validez de contenido de la prueba en población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. La muestra fue representativa y elegida al azar a través de un procedimiento polietápico. Un número de 809 estudiantes universitarios contestaron el cuestionario de creencias centrales de los trastornos de la personalidad (CCE-TP). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio de la prueba, reagrupándose los ítems en 14 factores (F) que representan el 61,3% de la varianza. F1: CCE-TP antisocial (8 ítems, a 0,839); F2: CCE-TP esquizotípico/límite (8 ítems, a 0,846); F3: CCE-TP histriónico/patrón seductor (6 ítems, a 0,833); F4: CCE-TP paranoide (6 ítems, a 0,836); F5: CCE-TP por evitación / autopercepción negativa (5 ítems, a 0,755); F6: CCE-TP por dependencia (5 ítems, a 0,797); F7: CCE-TP histriónico/ dependencia emocional (4 ítems, a 0,755); F8: CCETP obsesivo-compulsivo/perfeccionista (4 ítems, a 0,808); F9: CCE-TP por evitación/hipersensible (4 ítems, a 0,766); F10: CCE-TP obsesivo-compulsivo/ crítico frente a los demás (3 ítems, a 0,851); F11: CCE-TP narcisista (4 ítems, a 0,717); F12: CCE-TP pasivo-agresivo / temor a ser dominado (3 ítems, a 0,719); F13: CCE-TP pasivo-agresivo/crítico frente a la autoridad (3 ítems, a 0,685), y F14: CCE-TP esquizoide (2 ítems, a 0,774). El alfa de Cronbach de la prueba fue de 0,931.ABSTRACT: A questionnaire was designed to assess beliefs associated with personality disorders, based on cognitive therapy model; its psychometric properties and structural validity were established in a university student population in the city of Medellín, Colombia. The sample was representative and randomly selected through a poliphasic procedure. The number of students taking the Central Beliefs Questionnaire of Personality Disorders (Cuestionario de Creencias Centrales de los Trastornos de la Personalidad CCE-TP) was 809. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out, items grouping in 14 factors (F), variance 61,3%. The factor with highest variance level was F1: CCE-TP antisocial (8 items, a 0,839), followed by F2: CCE-TP schizotypal/borderline disorders (8 items, a 0,846), F3: CCE-TP histrionic/seductive pattern (6 items, a 0,833), F4: CCE-TP paranoid (6 items, a 0,836), F5: CCE-TP avoidant/negative self-perception (5 items, a 0,755), F6: CCE-TP dependent, (5 items, a 0,797), F7: CCE-TP histrionic/emotional dependence (4 items, a 0,755), F8: CCE-TP obsessivecompulsive / perfectionistic (4 items, a 0,808), F9: CCE-TP avoidant/hyper-sensitive (4 items, a 0,766), F10: CCE-TP obsessive-compulsive/overly critical to others (3 items, a 0,851), F11: CCETP narcissistic (4 items, a 0,717), F12: CCE-TP passive-aggressive/fear to domination, (3 items, a 0,719), F13: CCE-TP passive-aggressive/critical to authority (3 items, a 0,685), F14: CCE-TP schizoid (2 items, a 0,774). The Cronbach’s Alpha index was 0,931

Validación del Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form - Second Edition (YSQ-L2) en población colombiana

El Young Schema Questionnaire fue desarrollado por Young (1990) para evaluar los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos. Posteriormente el mismo autor ha llevado a cabo revisiones teóricas de los esquemas y su forma de agrupación, dando lugar a diferentes versiones del cuestionario. Para establecer las propiedades psicométricas y la validez estructural del Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form - Second Edition en la población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, se tomó una muestra aleatoria y representativa de 1.419 estudiantes universitarios. El estudio encontró que la prueba tenía una estructura factorial que se organizaba en once factores y explicaban el 65% de la varianza. Los factores encontrados fueron: abandono, insuficiente autocontrol/autodisciplina, desconfianza/abuso, privación emocional, vulnerabilidad al daño y a la enfermedad, autosacrificio, estándares inflexibles (factores séptimo y octavo), inhibición emocional, derecho y entrampamiento. En conclusión, los datos obtenidos validan la existencia de un modelo de once factores en el cuestionario Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form - Second Edition para la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia.RESUMEN: El Young Schema Questionnaire fue desarrollado por Young (1990) para evaluar los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos. Posteriormente el mismo autor ha llevado a cabo revisiones teóricas de los esquemas y su forma de agrupación, dando lugar a diferentes versiones del cuestionario. Para establecer las propiedades psicométricas y la validez estructural del Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form - Second Edition en la población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, se tomó una muestra aleatoria y representativa de 1.419 estudiantes universitarios. El estudio encontró que la prueba tenía una estructura factorial que se organizaba en once factores y explicaban el 65% de la varianza. Los factores encontrados fueron: abandono, insuficiente autocontrol/autodisciplina, desconfianza/abuso, privación emocional, vulnerabilidad al daño y a la enfermedad, autosacrificio, estándares inflexibles (factores séptimo y octavo), inhibición emocional, derecho y entrampamiento. En conclusión, los datos obtenidos validan la existencia de un modelo de once factores en el cuestionario Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form - Second Edition para la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia.ABSTRACT: The Young Schema Questionnaire was developed by Young (1990) to assess early maladaptive schemas. From then on the author has made theoretical revisions of the schemas and their clustering, leading to different versions of the Questionnaire. A sample of 1419 students was randomly taken from a representative university student population in the city of Medellín, Colombia, to establish the psychometric properties and structural validity of the YSQLF 2nd edition. The findings indicate that the questionnaire is organized in eleven factors explaining 65% of the variance. The factors found were: Abandonment, Insufficient SelfControl/Self Discipline, Mistrust/Abuse, Emotional Deprivation, Vulnerability to Harm or Illness, Self-Sacrifice, Unrelenting Standards (seventh and eight factors), Emotional Inhibition, Entitlement and Enmeshment. In conclusion, the data obtained validate the existence of an eleven factor model for the Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form – Second Edition for the selected population in the city of Medellín, Colombia

Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form : Colombian validation

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess the factor structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form ([YSQ-SF], Young, 1999) and the gender differences in early maladaptive schemas. The study took place in Colombia, where 1392 university students (541 male y 851 female) completed the YSQ-SF. The results confirmed the existence of the original 15 first-order factors, in consistency with the 15 theoretical schemas. However, the results for the second-order structure were less conclusive, as both a three second order factor and a five second order factor structures showed similar fit indices. Alpha coefficients for the schemas rated between 0.74 and 0.89. Men scored higher than women on several schemas.RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la estructura factorial del Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form ([YSQ-SF], Young, 1999) y las diferencias de género en esquemas inadaptados tempranos. El estudio se realizó en Colombia, donde 1.392 estudiantes universitarios (541 hombres y 851 mujeres) completaron el YSQ-SF. Los resultados de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios confirmaron la estructura original de 15 de factores de primer orden, coincidentes con los 15 esquemas teóricos. En cambio, los resultados para la estructura de segundo orden fueron menos concluyentes, ya que tanto la estructura de tres factores de segundo orden como la de cinco factores mostraron índices de ajuste similares. Los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach oscilaron entre 0.74 y 0.89. Los hombres puntuaron más alto que las mujeres en numerosos esquemas inadaptados

Experimental assessment of low-temperature martensite transformations in Ni-rich polycrystalline Ni-Ti alloys

Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements of a commercially available Ni-rich polycrystalline NieTi alloy were simultaneously obtained upon cooling from room temperature (RT) down to 130 K. The anelastic spectra show multiple anomalies in both velocity and attenuation curves, which evidence a complex nature of structural rearrangements exhibited by NieTi alloy, associated with relaxations and phase transformations. In particular, some evident anomalies at 285 and 180 K, not previously exploited using ultrasonic measurements on Ni-rich polycrystalline NieTi alloy, were associated with austenite to pre-martensitic (B2 / R) and pre-martensitic to martensitic (R/ B19’) phase transitions, respectively. The peculiar temperature separation between these transformations was interpreted based on chemical composition and the NieTi alloy microstructure evolution. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were also used to add complementary results about phase transformations and thermal events exhibited by NieTi alloy at low temperatures

Good practice regarding smoking cessation management in Spain: Challenges and opportunities for primary care physicians and nurses

INTRODUCTION We analyze the activities carried out by primary care (PC) physicians and nurses with respect to smoking cessation and evaluate their self-reported training, knowledge, and behavior. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted including 1514 PC physicians and nurses from June 2016 to March 2017, in Spain. The main variable was Good Practice (GP) in attention to smokers. To identify associated factors, a multilevel logistic regression model was used adjusted for sex, age, type of center, contract, years of employment, tobacco consumption, and self-reported training/knowledge. RESULTS Of the 792 physicians and 722 nurses, 48.6% referred to GP in smoking cessation management. The finding related to: being a non-smoker (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.5) or ex-smoker (OR= 1.4; 95% CI: 1.02-2.1), having a good level of knowledge (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4) and training (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.8-3.2), and, to a lesser extent, being female (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.03-1.7), and work experience >10 years (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.03-1.9). The main GP barriers were: lack of time (45.5%), organizational problems (48.4%), and 35.4% lack of training. CONCLUSIONS The GP of PC physicians and nurses regarding smoking cessation management is related to being non-smokers or ex-smokers, and having sufficient training and knowledge. Lack of time and organizational problems were considered to be the main barriers. The promotion of training activities in the Spanish National Health Service with the support of scientific societies is required

Moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer: Preferences amongst radiation oncologists from countries in Latin America and the Caribbean

Background: The safety and effectiveness of moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer were demonstrated by several trials. This study aimed to evaluate the current patterns of practice and prescription preference about moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy to assess possible aspects that affect the decision-making process regarding the use of fractionation in breast cancer patients in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We also aimed to identify factors that can restrain the utilization of moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer. Materials an methods: Radiation oncologists from LAC were invited to contribute to this study. A 38-question survey was used to evaluate their opinions. Results: A total of 173 radiation oncologists from 13 countries answered the questionnaire. The majority of respondents (84.9%) preferred moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy as their first choice in cases of whole breast irradiation. Whole breast plus regional nodal irradiation, post-mastectomy (chest wall and regional nodal irradiation) without reconstruction, and post-mastectomy (chest wall and regional node irradiation) with reconstruction hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy was preferred by 72.2% 71.1%, and 53.7% of respondents, respectively. Breast cancer stage, and flap-based breast reconstruction were the factors associated with absolute contraindications for the use of hypofractionated schedules. Conclusion: Even though moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer is considered a new standard to the vast majority of the patients, its unrestricted application in clinical practice across LAC still faces reluctance

Brucella abortus Induces the Premature Death of Human Neutrophils through the Action of Its Lipopolysaccharide

Most bacterial infections induce the activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), enhance their microbicidal function, and promote the survival of these leukocytes for protracted periods of time. Brucella abortus is a stealthy pathogen that evades innate immunity, barely activates PMNs, and resists the killing mechanisms of these phagocytes. Intriguing clinical signs observed during brucellosis are the low numbers of Brucella infected PMNs in the target organs and neutropenia in a proportion of the patients; features that deserve further attention. Here we demonstrate that B. abortus prematurely kills human PMNs in a dose-dependent and cell-specific manner. Death of PMNs is concomitant with the intracellular Brucella lipopolysaccharide (Br-LPS) release within vacuoles. This molecule and its lipid A reproduce the premature cell death of PMNs, a phenomenon associated to the low production of proinflammatory cytokines. Blocking of CD14 but not TLR4 prevents the Br-LPS-induced cell death. The PMNs cell death departs from necrosis, NETosis and classical apoptosis. The mechanism of PMN cell death is linked to the activation of NADPH-oxidase and a modest but steadily increase of ROS mediators. These effectors generate DNA damage, recruitments of check point kinase 1, caspases 5 and to minor extent of caspase 4, RIP1 and Ca++ release. The production of IL-1β by PMNs was barely stimulated by B. abortus infection or Br-LPS treatment. Likewise, inhibition of caspase 1 did not hamper the Br-LPS induced PMN cell death, suggesting that the inflammasome pathway was not involved. Although activation of caspases 8 and 9 was observed, they did not seem to participate in the initial triggering mechanisms, since inhibition of these caspases scarcely blocked PMN cell death. These findings suggest a mechanism for neutropenia in chronic brucellosis and reveal a novel Brucella-host cross-talk through which B. abortus is able to hinder the innate function of PMN.Fondo Especial de la Educación Superior/[0500-13]/FEES/Costa RicaFondo Especial de la Educación Superior/[0504-13]/FEES/Costa RicaFondo Especial de la Educación Superior/[0505-13]/FEES/Costa RicaFondo Especial de la Educación Superior/[0248-13]/FEES/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Microbiologí

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV