Structure of Disk Dominated Galaxies I. Bulge/Disk Parameters, Simulations, and Secular Evolution

(Abridged) A robust analysis of galaxy structural parameters, based on the modeling of bulge and disk brightnesses in the BVRH bandpasses, is presented for 121 face-on and moderately inclined late-type spirals. Each surface brightness (SB) profile is decomposed into a sum of a generalized Sersic bulge and an exponential disk. The reliability and limitations of our bulge-to-disk (B/D) decompositions are tested with extensive simulations of galaxy brightness profiles (1D) and images (2D). Galaxy types are divided into 3 classes according to their SB profile shapes; Freeman Type-I and Type-II, and a third ``Transition'' class for galaxies whose profiles change from Type-II in the optical to Type-I in the infrared. We discuss possible interpretations of Freeman Type-II profiles. The Sersic bulge shape parameter for nearby Type-I late-type spirals shows a range between n=0.1-2 but, on average, the underlying surface density profile for the bulge and disk of these galaxies is adequately described by a double-exponential distribution. We confirm a coupling between the bulge and disk with a scale length ratio r_e/h=0.22+/-0.09, or h_bulge/h_disk=0.13+/-0.06 for late-type spirals, in agreement with recent N-body simulations of disk formation and models of secular evolution. This ratio increases from ~0.20 for late-type spirals to ~0.24 for earlier types. The similar scaling relations for early and late-type spirals suggest comparable formation and/or evolution scenarios for disk galaxies of all Hubble types.Comment: 78 pages with 23 embedded color figures + tables of galaxy structural parameters. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. The interested reader is strongly encouraged to ignore some of the low res figures within; instead, download the high resolution version from http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/courteau/public/macarthur02_disks.ps.g

Evaluating pellet and meal feeding regimens on finishing pig performance, stomach morphology, and carcass characteristics

Citation: De Jong, J. A., DeRouchey, J. M., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Goodband, R. D., Woodworth, J. C., & Allerson, M. W. (2016). Evaluating pellet and meal feeding regimens on finishing pig performance, stomach morphology, and carcass characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 94(11), 4781-4788. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0461A total of 2,100 pigs (PIC 327 x 1050; initially 31.2 kg BW) were used in a 118-d trial to determine the effects of pellet or meal feeding regimens on finishing pig growth performance, stomach morphology, and carcass characteristics. Pens of pigs were balanced by initial BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (14 pens/treatment with 25 pigs/pen). Pens were sorted by gender allowing for 7 barrow pens and 7 gilt pens per treatment. The same corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 15% dried distillers' grains with solubles were used for all treatments and fed in 5 phases. Phases were fed from d 0 to 28, 28 to 56, 56 to 84, 84 to 98, and 98 to 118. The 6 treatments included a meal or pelleted diet fed from d 0 to 118, a meal diet fed from d 0 to 70 followed by pellets from d 70 to 118, a pelleted diet fed from d 0 to 70 followed by a meal diet from d 70 to 118, or pellets and meal rotated every 2 wk starting with meal or pellets. On d 110, 4 pigs from each pen were harvested and stomachs collected, from which a combined ulcer and keratinization score was determined for each pig. Overall, there were no differences in ADG across feeding regimens. Pigs fed meal throughout had the greatest (P < 0.05) ADFI, whereas pigs fed pellets throughout had the lowest (P < 0.05), with all other treatments intermediate (P < 0.05). Pigs fed pelleted diets throughout had the greatest (P < 0.05) G: F, whereas pigs fed meal throughout had the worst G: F (P < 0.05), with all other treatments intermediate (P < 0.05). When pelleted diets were fed for the last 58 d or for the entire trial, the incidence of ulceration and keratinization increased (P < 0.05), whereas pigs fed meal for the last 58 d had a lower incidence (P < 0.05), with all other treatments intermediate (P < 0.05). Feeding pellets throughout increased (P < 0.05) the number of pigs removed per pen compared with all other treatments. Pig removals were determined by an on-site farm manager when pigs were at risk due to weight loss, health, or animal welfare concerns and needed to be separated from the general population. There were no differences for any carcass characteristics measured including HCW, carcass yield, backfat depth, loin depth, and percentage lean. In conclusion, feeding pelleted diets improved G: F but increased stomach ulceration and pig removals; however, rotating pellets and meal diets provided an intermediate G: F response and moderated stomach ulcerations compared with feeding only pellets

Effects of wheat source and particle size in meal and pelleted diets on finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility

Citation: De Jong, J. A., Derouchey, J. M., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Goodband, R. D., Paulk, C. B., . . . Stark, C. R. (2016). Effects of wheat source and particle size in meal and pelleted diets on finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility. Journal of Animal Science, 94(8), 3303-3311. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0370Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of wheat source and particle size in meal and pelleted diets on finishing pig performance, carcass characteristics, and diet digestibility. In Exp. 1, pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; n = 288; initially 43.8 kg BW) were balanced by initial BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatments with 8 pigs per pen (4 barrows and 4 gilts) and 12 pens per treatment. The 3 dietary treatments were hard red winter wheat ground with a hammer mill to 728, 579, or 326 ?m, respectively. From d 0 to 40, decreasing wheat particle size decreased (linear, P < 0.033) ADFI but improved (quadratic, P < 0.014) G:F. From d 40 to 83, decreasing wheat particle size increased (quadratic, P < 0.018) ADG and improved (linear, P < 0.002) G:F. Overall from d 0 to 83, reducing wheat particle size improved (linear, P < 0.002) G:F. In Exp. 2, pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; n = 576; initially 43.4 ± 0.02 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of wheat source and particle size of pelleted diets on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pigs were randomly allotted to pens, and pens of pigs were balanced by initial BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 12 replications per treatment and 8 pigs/pen. The experimental diets used the same wheat–soybean meal formulation, with the 6 treatments using hard red winter or soft white winter wheat that were processed to 245, 465, and 693 ?m and 258, 402, and 710 ?m, respectively. All diets were pelleted. Overall, feeding hard red winter wheat increased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI when compared with soft white winter wheat. There was a tendency (P < 0.10) for a quadratic particle size × wheat source interaction for ADG, ADFI, and both DM and GE digestibility, as they were decreased for pigs fed 465-?m hard red winter wheat and were greatest for pigs fed 402-?m soft white winter wheat. There were no main or interactive effects of particle size or wheat source on carcass characteristics. In summary, fine grinding hard red winter wheat fed in meal form improved G:F and nutrient digestibility, whereas reducing particle size of wheat from approximately 700 to 250 ?m in pelleted diets did not influence growth or carcass traits. Finally, feeding hard red winter wheat improved ADG and ADFI compared with feeding soft white winter wheat. © 2016 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved

WFPC2 Observations of the Cooling Flow Elliptical in Abell 1795

We present WFPC2 images of the core of the cooling flow cD galaxy in Abell 1795. An irregular, asymmetric dust lane extends 7 \h75 kpc in projection to the north-northwest. The dust shares the morphology observed in the H$\alpha$ and excess UV emission. We see both diffuse and knotty blue emission around the dust lane, especially at the ends. The dust and emission features lie on the edge of the radio lobes, suggesting star formation induced by the radio source or the deflection of the radio jets off of pre-existing dust and gas. We measure an apparent R$_V$ significantly less than 3.1, implying that the extinction law is not Galactic in the dust lane, or the presence of line emission which is proportional to the extinction. The dust mass is at least 2$\times10^{5} h_{75}^{-2}$ M\solar\ and is more likely to be 6.5$\times10^{5} h_{75}^{-2}$ M\solar.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, Figure 4 included, Postscript Figs. 1-3 available at ftp://astro.nmsu.edu/pub/JASON/A1795/, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Revised bolometric corrections and interstellar extinction coefficients for the ACS and WFPC2 photometric systems

We present extensive tables of bolometric corrections and interstellar extinction coefficients for the WFPC2 and ACS (both WFC and HRC) photometric systems. They are derived from synthetic photometry applied to a database of spectral energy distributions covering a large range of effective temperatures, surface gravity, and metal content. Carbon stars are also considered. The zero-points take into consideration the new high-accuracy Vega fluxes from Bohlin. These tables are employed to transform Padova isochrones into WFPC2 and ACS photometric systems using interstellar extinction coefficients on a star-to-star basis. All data are available either in tabular form or via an interactive web interface in the case of the isochrones. Preliminary tables for the WFC3 camera are also included in the database.Comment: 18 pages. To appear on PASP, May 2008 issue. The database is in http://stev.oapd.inaf.it/dustyAGB0

Effects of Fat Source and Level on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Carcass Iodine Value and Economics of Finishing Pigs in a Commercial Environment

A total of 2,011 pigs (PIC 1050 × DNA 600; initially 62.4 ± 4.6 lb) were used in a 113-d finishing trial to evaluate the effects of two different fat sources fed at two different levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, carcass iodine value, and economics of finishing pigs raised in a commercial environment. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 21 to 27 pigs per pen and 16 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial with main effects of fat source and fat inclusion level. Dietary treatments included a control diet containing no added fat. The other 4 dietary treatments included two different fat sources, choice white grease or corn oil, included at either 1 or 3% of the diet. Experimental diets were fed based on a feed budget from d 0 to 113 in 6 phases. For overall growth performance, pigs fed increasing dietary fat from 0 to 3% had increased (linear, P \u3c 0.001) ADG and decreased (linear, P = 0.013) ADFI, which led to an improvement (linear, P \u3c 0.001) in F/G. There was no difference in growth performance between pigs fed choice white grease or corn oil. For carcass characteristics, increasing fat increased (linear, P ≤ 0.017) HCW, carcass yield, and backfat. For carcass fat iodine value, there was a fat source × level interaction (P \u3c 0.001) where iodine value increased linearly as corn oil increased in the diet with only a small increase in iodine value when diets with choice white grease were fed. For economics, increasing fat, regardless of fat source, increased feed cost (linear, P \u3c 0.001) and revenue (linear, P = 0.003). Increasing fat reduced (linear, P \u3c 0.001) IOFC in the high feed cost, low revenue scenario, and tended to increase (P = 0.060) IOFC in the low feed cost, high revenue scenario. In conclusion, increasing fat from 0 to 3% of the diet, regardless of fat source, increased overall ADG, reduced ADFI, and improved F/G. Increasing fat also increased HCW, carcass yield, and backfat, while pigs fed diets containing corn oil had higher carcass fat iodine values. When feed costs are high and revenue is low, the improvement in growth performance does not justify the extra diet cost from increasing added fat from 0 to 3% in the diet. However, adding fat in the diet is justifiable when feed costs are low and revenue is high, regardless of fat source used

Effects of Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal and Benzoic Acid on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Carcass Iodine Value of Finishing Pigs

A total of 2,162 pigs (PIC 1050 × DNA 600; initially 69.2 ± 4.9 lb) were used in a 109-d finishing trial to evaluate the effects of extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM) and benzoic acid on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass iodine value. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 27 to 28 pigs per pen and 20 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of soybean meal source and benzoic acid. Diets contained either conventional soybean meal (SBM) or extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM; Lester Feed and Grain, Lester, IA) with or without 0.25% VevoVitall (DSM Products; Parsippany, NJ), a source of benzoic acid. The EESBM was analyzed to be 43.2% CP and 7.73% fat (acid hydrolysis). Experimental diets were not balanced for energy, but rather formulated to the same SID Lys:ME ratio and fed based on a feed budget from d 0 to 109 in 6 phases. Overall (d 0 to 109), there were no interactions between soybean meal source and benzoic acid addition. There was a main effect of soybean meal source where pigs fed conventional SBM had greater (P = 0.01) ADFI compared to pigs fed EESBM without influencing ADG, resulting in improved (P \u3c 0.001) F/G. Also, pigs fed diets without benzoic acid had greater (P = 0.02) ADFI compared to pigs fed diets that contained benzoic acid without influencing ADG, resulting in pigs fed benzoic acid having improved (P = 0.01) F/G. When evaluating caloric efficiency, pigs fed diets containing benzoic acid had improved (P \u3c 0.001) caloric efficiency compared to pigs fed diets without benzoic acid, with soybean meal source not having any impact. For carcass characteristics, pigs fed EESBM had increased (P \u3c 0.001) carcass fat iodine value compared to pigs fed conventional SBM. For economics, there was a main effect of soybean meal source where pigs fed EESBM had a higher (P ≤ 0.002) feed cost per pig placed in the low and high feed cost scenarios. There were no differences in revenue per pig placed in the low or high revenue scenarios regardless of soybean meal source or the inclusion of benzoic acid. Pigs fed conventional SBM had a higher (P ≤ 0.02) income over feed cost (IOFC) compared to pigs fed EESBM in the high feed cost, high revenue; high feed cost, low revenue; and low feed cost, low revenue scenarios. In summary, replacing conventional SBM with EESBM improved feed efficiency, but due to increased feed cost without influencing gain, it was less economical as measured by IOFC. Also, the addition of benzoic acid improved feed efficiency but did not improve IOFC

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal