Orthometric, normal and geoid heights in the context of the Brazilian altimetric network

The extensive use of GNSS positioning, combined with the importance of precise geoid heights for transformation between geodetic and orthometric heights, brings up the discussion of the influence of data uncertainties and the use of variable density values on these estimates. In this sense, we analyze the influence of the topographic masses density distribution and the data uncertainty on the computation of orthometric and geoid heights in stations of the High Precision Altimetric Network of Brazil, considering the Helmert and Mader methods. For this, we use 569 stations whose values of geodetic and normal heights, gravity, and geopotential numbers are known. The results indicate that orthometric heights are more sensitive to density values and to greater heights than to the Helmert and Mader methods applied. Also, we verify that the normal and orthometric heights present significant differences for the analyzed stations, considering the high correlation between the heights, which provide small values of uncertainty. However, our analyses show that the use of the Mader method, along with variable density values, provides either more rigorous or more reliable results

Validación del Cuestionario de Creencias Centrales de los Trastornos de la Personalidad (CCE-TP) en población colombiana

RESUMEN: Se construyó un cuestionario para evaluar creencias centrales asociadas con los trastornos de la personalidad, fundamentadas en el Modelo de la Terapia Cognitiva. Se realizó el análisis estructural y la validez de contenido de la prueba en población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. La muestra fue representativa y elegida al azar a través de un procedimiento polietápico. Un número de 809 estudiantes universitarios contestaron el cuestionario de creencias centrales de los trastornos de la personalidad (CCE-TP). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio de la prueba, reagrupándose los ítems en 14 factores (F) que representan el 61,3% de la varianza. F1: CCE-TP antisocial (8 ítems, a 0,839); F2: CCE-TP esquizotípico/límite (8 ítems, a 0,846); F3: CCE-TP histriónico/patrón seductor (6 ítems, a 0,833); F4: CCE-TP paranoide (6 ítems, a 0,836); F5: CCE-TP por evitación / autopercepción negativa (5 ítems, a 0,755); F6: CCE-TP por dependencia (5 ítems, a 0,797); F7: CCE-TP histriónico/ dependencia emocional (4 ítems, a 0,755); F8: CCETP obsesivo-compulsivo/perfeccionista (4 ítems, a 0,808); F9: CCE-TP por evitación/hipersensible (4 ítems, a 0,766); F10: CCE-TP obsesivo-compulsivo/ crítico frente a los demás (3 ítems, a 0,851); F11: CCE-TP narcisista (4 ítems, a 0,717); F12: CCE-TP pasivo-agresivo / temor a ser dominado (3 ítems, a 0,719); F13: CCE-TP pasivo-agresivo/crítico frente a la autoridad (3 ítems, a 0,685), y F14: CCE-TP esquizoide (2 ítems, a 0,774). El alfa de Cronbach de la prueba fue de 0,931.ABSTRACT: A questionnaire was designed to assess beliefs associated with personality disorders, based on cognitive therapy model; its psychometric properties and structural validity were established in a university student population in the city of Medellín, Colombia. The sample was representative and randomly selected through a poliphasic procedure. The number of students taking the Central Beliefs Questionnaire of Personality Disorders (Cuestionario de Creencias Centrales de los Trastornos de la Personalidad CCE-TP) was 809. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out, items grouping in 14 factors (F), variance 61,3%. The factor with highest variance level was F1: CCE-TP antisocial (8 items, a 0,839), followed by F2: CCE-TP schizotypal/borderline disorders (8 items, a 0,846), F3: CCE-TP histrionic/seductive pattern (6 items, a 0,833), F4: CCE-TP paranoid (6 items, a 0,836), F5: CCE-TP avoidant/negative self-perception (5 items, a 0,755), F6: CCE-TP dependent, (5 items, a 0,797), F7: CCE-TP histrionic/emotional dependence (4 items, a 0,755), F8: CCE-TP obsessivecompulsive / perfectionistic (4 items, a 0,808), F9: CCE-TP avoidant/hyper-sensitive (4 items, a 0,766), F10: CCE-TP obsessive-compulsive/overly critical to others (3 items, a 0,851), F11: CCETP narcissistic (4 items, a 0,717), F12: CCE-TP passive-aggressive/fear to domination, (3 items, a 0,719), F13: CCE-TP passive-aggressive/critical to authority (3 items, a 0,685), F14: CCE-TP schizoid (2 items, a 0,774). The Cronbach’s Alpha index was 0,931

Validación del Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form - Second Edition (YSQ-L2) en población colombiana

El Young Schema Questionnaire fue desarrollado por Young (1990) para evaluar los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos. Posteriormente el mismo autor ha llevado a cabo revisiones teóricas de los esquemas y su forma de agrupación, dando lugar a diferentes versiones del cuestionario. Para establecer las propiedades psicométricas y la validez estructural del Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form - Second Edition en la población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, se tomó una muestra aleatoria y representativa de 1.419 estudiantes universitarios. El estudio encontró que la prueba tenía una estructura factorial que se organizaba en once factores y explicaban el 65% de la varianza. Los factores encontrados fueron: abandono, insuficiente autocontrol/autodisciplina, desconfianza/abuso, privación emocional, vulnerabilidad al daño y a la enfermedad, autosacrificio, estándares inflexibles (factores séptimo y octavo), inhibición emocional, derecho y entrampamiento. En conclusión, los datos obtenidos validan la existencia de un modelo de once factores en el cuestionario Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form - Second Edition para la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia.RESUMEN: El Young Schema Questionnaire fue desarrollado por Young (1990) para evaluar los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos. Posteriormente el mismo autor ha llevado a cabo revisiones teóricas de los esquemas y su forma de agrupación, dando lugar a diferentes versiones del cuestionario. Para establecer las propiedades psicométricas y la validez estructural del Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form - Second Edition en la población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, se tomó una muestra aleatoria y representativa de 1.419 estudiantes universitarios. El estudio encontró que la prueba tenía una estructura factorial que se organizaba en once factores y explicaban el 65% de la varianza. Los factores encontrados fueron: abandono, insuficiente autocontrol/autodisciplina, desconfianza/abuso, privación emocional, vulnerabilidad al daño y a la enfermedad, autosacrificio, estándares inflexibles (factores séptimo y octavo), inhibición emocional, derecho y entrampamiento. En conclusión, los datos obtenidos validan la existencia de un modelo de once factores en el cuestionario Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form - Second Edition para la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia.ABSTRACT: The Young Schema Questionnaire was developed by Young (1990) to assess early maladaptive schemas. From then on the author has made theoretical revisions of the schemas and their clustering, leading to different versions of the Questionnaire. A sample of 1419 students was randomly taken from a representative university student population in the city of Medellín, Colombia, to establish the psychometric properties and structural validity of the YSQLF 2nd edition. The findings indicate that the questionnaire is organized in eleven factors explaining 65% of the variance. The factors found were: Abandonment, Insufficient SelfControl/Self Discipline, Mistrust/Abuse, Emotional Deprivation, Vulnerability to Harm or Illness, Self-Sacrifice, Unrelenting Standards (seventh and eight factors), Emotional Inhibition, Entitlement and Enmeshment. In conclusion, the data obtained validate the existence of an eleven factor model for the Young Schema Questionnaire Long Form – Second Edition for the selected population in the city of Medellín, Colombia

Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form : Colombian validation

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess the factor structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form ([YSQ-SF], Young, 1999) and the gender differences in early maladaptive schemas. The study took place in Colombia, where 1392 university students (541 male y 851 female) completed the YSQ-SF. The results confirmed the existence of the original 15 first-order factors, in consistency with the 15 theoretical schemas. However, the results for the second-order structure were less conclusive, as both a three second order factor and a five second order factor structures showed similar fit indices. Alpha coefficients for the schemas rated between 0.74 and 0.89. Men scored higher than women on several schemas.RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la estructura factorial del Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form ([YSQ-SF], Young, 1999) y las diferencias de género en esquemas inadaptados tempranos. El estudio se realizó en Colombia, donde 1.392 estudiantes universitarios (541 hombres y 851 mujeres) completaron el YSQ-SF. Los resultados de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios confirmaron la estructura original de 15 de factores de primer orden, coincidentes con los 15 esquemas teóricos. En cambio, los resultados para la estructura de segundo orden fueron menos concluyentes, ya que tanto la estructura de tres factores de segundo orden como la de cinco factores mostraron índices de ajuste similares. Los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach oscilaron entre 0.74 y 0.89. Los hombres puntuaron más alto que las mujeres en numerosos esquemas inadaptados

La imagen como pensamiento

Este libro es resultado del 1er Foro Internacional de Estudios Visuales ‘La imagen como pensamiento’ que se llevó a cabo del 13 al 16 de octubre del año 2014 en la Facultad de Artes de la UAEMéx.RECURSOS DEL PIFI 2013. ADMINISTRACIÓN 2013-2017 DE LA FACULTAD DE ARTES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUTONÓMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXIC

Emergence of an Outbreak-Associated Clostridium difficile Variant with Increased Virulence

The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infections has increased due to the emergence of epidemic variants from diverse genetic lineages. Here we describe the emergence of a novel variant during an outbreak in a Costa Rican hospital that was associated with severe clinical presentations. This C. difficile variant elicited higher white blood cell counts and caused disease in younger patients than did other strains isolated during the outbreak. Furthermore, it had a recurrence rate, a 30-day attributable disease rate, and disease severity as great as those of the epidemic strain NAP1. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping indicated that the outbreak strains belong to a previously undescribed variant, designated NAPCR1. Whole-genome sequencing and ribotyping indicated that the NAPCR1 variant belongs to C. difficile ribotype 012 and sequence type 54, as does the reference strain 630. NAPCR1 strains are resistant to fluoroquinolones due to a mutation in gyrA, and they possess an 18-bp deletion in tcdC that is characteristic of the epidemic, evolutionarily distinct, C. difficile NAP1 variant. NAPCR1 genomes contain 10% more predicted genes than strain 630, most of which are of hypothetical function and are present on phages and other mobile genetic elements. The increased virulence of NAPCR1 was confirmed by mortality rates in the hamster model and strong inflammatory responses induced by bacteria-free supernatants in the murine ligated loop model. However, NAPCR1 strains do not synthesize toxin A and toxin B at levels comparable to those in NAP1 strains. Our results suggest that the pathogenic potential of this emerging C. difficile variant is due to the acquisition of hypothetical functions associated with laterally acquired DNA.Universidad de Costa Rica/[803-B1-654]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[803-B1-602]/UCR/Costa RicaConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología/[FV-0004-13]/CONICIT/Costa Rica. Fondo gestionado a través de FORINVESPrograma de Cooperación Internacional/[130621650]/FA0/BrasilWellcome Trust/[098051}//Reino UnidoWellcome Trust/[086418]//Reino UnidoWellcome Trust/[098051]//Reino UnidoUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Microbiologí

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV