Individual differences in empathy towards terrorism

This study (N = 557) explored how empathy towards victims and perpetrators of terrorism were associated with broadband (e.g., HEXACO traits; Dark Triad traits) and narrowband individual differences (e.g., beliefs in a competitive and dangerous world, social dominance orientation, religiousness, and right-wing authoritarianism) in samples drawn from Turkish and Australian undergraduates. Country differences revealed Turkish participants were higher in Dark Triad traits, social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, and religiousness than Australian participants. Australian participants had more empathy towards both victims and perpetrators of terrorism than Turkish participants. Sex differences in personality traits showed men displayed a “darker” personality, than the “lighter” personality of women. The implications of these findings were discussed in relation to the current threat of terrorism in Australia and Turkey. This study provided one of the first quantitative, cross-cultural assessments of empathy towards terrorism using the methods of personality psychology

Diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of CO-RADS: evaluation of classification in radiology practice

PURPOSEWe aimed to evaluate the use of the COVID-19 reporting and data system (CO-RADS) among radiologists and the diagnostic performance of this system.METHODSFour radiologists retrospectively evaluated the chest CT examinations of 178 patients. The study included 143 patients with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results and 35 patients whose RT-PCR tests were negative but whose clinical and/or radiological findings were consistent with COVID-19. Fleiss’ kappa (κ) values were calculated, and individual observers’ scores were compared. To investigate diagnostic efficiency, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for each interpreter.RESULTSThe interpreters were in full agreement on 574 of 712 (80.6%) evaluations. The common Fleiss’ κ value of all the radiologists combined was 0.712 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.692–0.769). A reliable prediction on the basis of RT-PCR and clinical findings indicated the mean area under the curve (AUC) of Fleiss’ κ value as 0.89 (95% CI 0.708–0.990). General interpreter agreement was found to range from moderate to good.CONCLUSIONThe interpreter agreement for CO-RADS categories 1 and 5 was reasonably good. We conclude that this scoring system will make a valuable contribution to efforts in COVID-19 diagnosis. CO-RADS can also be of significant value for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in cases with false-negative PCR results

The Psychological Science Accelerator: Advancing Psychology Through a Distributed Collaborative Network

Source at https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918797607.Concerns about the veracity of psychological research have been growing. Many findings in psychological science are based on studies with insufficient statistical power and nonrepresentative samples, or may otherwise be limited to specific, ungeneralizable settings or populations. Crowdsourced research, a type of large-scale collaboration in which one or more research projects are conducted across multiple lab sites, offers a pragmatic solution to these and other current methodological challenges. The Psychological Science Accelerator (PSA) is a distributed network of laboratories designed to enable and support crowdsourced research projects. These projects can focus on novel research questions or replicate prior research in large, diverse samples. The PSA’s mission is to accelerate the accumulation of reliable and generalizable evidence in psychological science. Here, we describe the background, structure, principles, procedures, benefits, and challenges of the PSA. In contrast to other crowdsourced research networks, the PSA is ongoing (as opposed to time limited), efficient (in that structures and principles are reused for different projects), decentralized, diverse (in both subjects and researchers), and inclusive (of proposals, contributions, and other relevant input from anyone inside or outside the network). The PSA and other approaches to crowdsourced psychological science will advance understanding of mental processes and behaviors by enabling rigorous research and systematic examination of its generalizability

To which world regions does the valence–dominance model of social perception apply?

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov’s valence–dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov’s methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov’s original analysis strategy, the valence–dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence–dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nde Yanık Yurtların Yeniden İmarı Meselesi: Hasarzedeler Bankası Kanun Teklifi

CEYLAN, Okan, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nde Yanık Yurtların Yeniden İmarı Meselesi: Hasarzedeler Bankası Kanun Teklifi, CTAD, Yıl 18, Sayı 35 (Bahar 2022), s. 333-354. 1911 Trablusgarp Harbi’nden 9 Eylül 1922’de İzmir’in kurtuluşuna kadar süren 11 yıllık savaş dönemi hem ülkelerin siyasi sınırlarını değiştirmiş hem de insanların gündelik hayatını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Örneğin, Yunan Ordularının saldırıları sonucu yangınlar, istilalar, ekonomik krizler insanların yaşamını daha da zorlaştırmıştır. Batı Anadolu cephesinde savaş daha geç sona ermiştir. İngiltere’nin desteklediği Yunan ordularıyla Türk ordusu arasında askeri mücadeleler yaşanmıştır. Türkiye savaştan galip çıktığı için Mondros Ateşkes Antlaşması’nın yerine Mudanya Ateşkes Antlaşması ve Sevr Barış Antlaşması’nın yerine Lozan Barış Antlaşması’nı imzalamıştır. Ancak, savaş sonrası Türkiye imar, iskân ve barınma sorunu ile karşılaşmıştır. Bu çalışma savaş sürecinde yangınlara, felaketlere ve istilalara maruz kalan Batı Anadolu’daki köy ve kentlerin yeniden imarı, barınma ve can güvenliği ihtiyaçlarının Hasarzedeler Bankası Kanun teklifi ile Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nde nasıl tartışıldığını ele almaktadır. Bu kanun teklifinde Türkiye’den göç eden azınlıkların emval-i metrukelerinin savaş mağdurlarına verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ancak, bu mağduriyetler İzmir, Manisa, Aydın ve Muğla milletvekilleri gündeme getirilmiştir. Bu dönemde diğer gündem ise Lozan Nüfus Mübadelesi kapsamında gelen mübadillerin iskânıdır; hatta Mübadele İmar ve İskân Bakanlığı da mübadillerin yerleşimleriyle ilgilendiğinden Batı Anadolu’daki savaş mağduru halka yeterli yardımı yapamamıştır. Bu çalışma savaş sonrası dönemde Batı Anadolu’nun toplumsal, iktisadi ve çevresel durumunu göstermesi bakımından önemlidir

Kırklareli İlinde Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası: Parti Teşkilatlanması ve 1930 Belediye Seçimleri

Bu çalışma Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası (SCF)’nın Kırklareli ilinde örgütlenme sürecini ve partinin 1930 Belediye Seçimlerindeki siyasi başarısını ele almaktadır. 1930’ların başında taşradaki gündelik yaşamın yanı sıra iktisadi ve toplumsal dinamiklerin halkın siyasi tercihleri üzerinde nasıl etkili olduğu incelemektedir. Böylece SCF’nin Edirne’deki siyasal örgütlenmesi ve 1930 yılında yerel düzeyde iktidar muhalefet ilişkileri hakkındaki literatüre katkı vermektedir. Kırklareli özelinde, Türkiye’de Tek Parti iktidarının liberal görüşlere sahip SCF ve liberalleri siyasal arenadan tasfiye etmek, devletçilik politikalarını ve Tek Parti otoritesini meşrulaştırmak olduğunu kanıtlama amacındadır. Bu bağlamda da 1930 Yerel Seçimleri yoluyla halkın iktidara olan siyasal desteğini de test ettiğini iddia etmektedir. Ancak, 1930 yılı Belediye Seçimlerinden önce Kırklareli ilinde bürokratik denetimsizliğin, ekonomik yılgınlığın ve Bulgaristan’ın savaş tehdidi görülmektedir. Kırklareli ilindeki topografyanın Trakya’nın diğer illerinin aksine daha dağlık olması ve 1929 İktisadi Buhran döneminde yaşam koşullarının daha zor olması nedeni ile Serbest Fırka muhalefetinin daha kolay seçmen tabanı bulduğu ve özellikle de Kırklareli kırsalında seçim zaferi kazandığı görülmüştür. Bir diğer ifade ile, SCF’nin Kırklareli’deki siyasi başarısının toplumsal, ekonomik, siyasal ve coğrafi koşullara dayandığını belirtmektedir

Chronic Subdural Hematomas: Epidemiology, Radiology, Hematological Parameters and Surgical Results of Cases

Aim: Chronic Subdural hematomas (CDSH) first reported in 1656 by JJ Wepfer. In 1857 CSDH was defined as Pachimenengitis hemoragyca interna. Frequency of CSDH changes with age progression. İt’s reported in literature; CDSH coexists %60-80 with minor head trauma. We aimed to present our experience in follow-up and treatment of patients with CSDH which are frequently encountered in routine neurosurgical practice. Materials and Methods: Cases of CSDH which were operated between January 2016- December 2017 evaluated retrospectively from Clinical Files. The patients' clinical files were evaluated retrospectively according to age, gender, personal background, complaint, use of anticoagulant, presence of head trauma, radiologic images, hematologic parameters, type of anesthesia, surgical method and recurrence rates.Results: The study consists of total 67 cases which %20,9 (n=14) female and %79,1 (n=53) male. The ages of the cases ranged from 16 to 91 years with an average of 68,60 ± 16,45 years. The duration of hospitalization according to gender and age, the duration of hospitalization according to the presence of additional disease and the types of additional diseases seen, the duration of hospitalization according to drug use and anesthesia type (p> 0.05), between N / L and residence time (r: 0,222; p > 0.05) were not statistically significant.Conclusions: However, it may seem so basic; Choices about Surgical techniques and type of anesthesia are effective about mortality and morbidity. Because of duration of surgery is shorter; it is shown that Surgeries performed with Sedoanalgesia and local anesthesia can be used safely especially for patients with comorbidity

Rifampicin-induced fever in a patient with brucellosis: A case report

We present a 35-year-old female patient who was started on rifampicin (900 mg orally once daily) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (160/800 mg orally twice daily) after being diagnosed with brucellosis. Following defervescence and improvement in her general condition, fever recurred on the 12th day of treatment. A re-challenge drug test lead to causality assessment and treatment was switched to a combination of streptomycin (1 g intramuscularly) for 10 days and TMP/SMX (160/800 mg orally twice daily) for 4 weeks. Our patient is doing well after 12 months of follow-up