The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

The Effect of Personality and Demographic Characteristics of Individuals on Online Shopping Behavior and Behavioral Economics

Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte hayatımıza giren “online alışveriş” bireylerin hayatının olmazsa olmazlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Hemen hemen herkesin kullanmakta olduğu bu alışveriş yönteminin bireylerin kişilik ve demografik özellikleri ile nasıl bir ilişki içerisinde olduğu birçok araştırmacının üzerinde durduğu konulardan biri olmuştur. Tüketicilerin karar verme tarzlarının neler olduğu ve nasıl şekillendiği ise bir diğer araştırma konusudur. Literatüre yeni geçen bir kavram olan “davranışsal iktisat” bireylerin rasyonel ve irrasyonel kararları üzerinde dururken, kamu düzenlemeleri ile bireylerin davranışlarına onların seçim şanslarını ellerinden almadan nasıl yön verebileceği hakkında fikir vermektedir. 2019 yılının Aralık ayının sonları itibaren başlangıçta Çin’i daha sonrasında ise dünya üzerindeki birçok ülkeyi etkileyen Covid-19 virüsü pandemisinde Türkiye sınırları içerisinde uygulanan dürtme müdahaleleri bu düzenlemelere örnek olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı bireylerin demografik ve kişilik özelliklerinin online alışveriş davranışına etkisi, tüketici karar verme tarzlarının neler olduğu ve davranışsal iktisat teorisi ile ilgili güncel literatür ışığında bilgi vermektir.With the developing technology, "online shopping" has emerged as one of the indispensable parts of the lives of individuals. Numerous researchers had been focused on the relationship between this novel shopping method, which is being used widely on global scale and the personality traits and demographic characteristics of the individuals. Another research area related with this topics the evolvement and consequences consumers decision-making styles. “Behavioral economics”, which is a relatively new concept in the literature, emphasizes rational and irrational decisions and the role of public regulations for optimal outcomes without taking away their rights of choice. In 2019, a new virus, which originated in China has spread to other countries causing a global Covid 19 pandemia. The aim of this review is to provide updated research findings regarding the effect of demographic characteristics and the personality traits on online shopping in the light of current literature

The effect of mobile application supported exercise program on pain, quality of life and work performance in healthy office workers

Çalışmamızın amacı, ofis çalışanlarında egzersiz tabanlı mobil uygulamanın ağrı, yaşam kalitesi ve iş performansına etkilerini araştırmak, uygulamanın bir egzersiz alışkanlığı oluşturma yönündeki etkisini ve geleneksel yöntemlere bir alternatif olup olamayacağını saptamaktır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 60 olgu, grup 1 (mobil uygulama grubu) ve grup 2 (egzersiz föy grubu) olarak iki gruba randomize edildi. Her iki gruptaki olgulara 1 ay boyunca uygulayacakları egzersizler her gün 5'er tane olmak üzere föy ve mobil uygulama ile sunuldu. Föy grubundaki kişilerden günlük egzersizlerini 3 kez yapmaları istendi. Mobil uygulama grubuna ise günde 4 kez belirlediğimiz periyotlar halinde bildirimler gönderildi. Çalışmamızda olguların algıladıkları ağrı "Visüel Analog Skala (VAS)", yaşam kalitesi "Nottingham Sağlık Profili (NSP)", iş performansı "Çalışma Rolü İşlevselliği Anketi", olguların uygulama hakkındaki memnuniyeti "Memnuniyet Anketi" ve olguların ağrılı bölgeleri, çalışma yılı, çalışma saati gibi parametreler ise hazırlanan "Demografik Bilgiler Formu" ile değerlendirildi. Tedavi sonrası her iki grupta da ağrı, yaşam kalitesi ve iş performansı skorlarında anlamlı değişim elde edildi (p< 0,05). Grup 1, Grup 2'ye göre ağrı, yaşam kalitesinin duygusal reaksiyonlar, uyku, fiziksel aktivite, enerji, toplam skor ve genel sağlık hali parametrelerinde ve iş performansının ise tüm parametrelerinde elde edilen skorlara göre istatistiksel olarak daha üstün göründü (p<0,05). Çalışmamızda ofis çalışanlarında iki farklı egzersiz programı ağrı, yaşam kalitesi ve iş performansında anlamlı değişim sağlamıştır ve mobil uygulama destekli egzersiz programının ofis çalışanlarında alternatif bir tedavi olabileceği belirtilmiştir.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise-based mobile application on pain, quality of life and work performance in office workers; moreover, to determine whether the application could be an alternative to traditional methods. Sixty patients were randomized into two groups as group 1 (mobile application group) and group 2 (exercise sheet group). The exercises to be applied to the patients in both groups for 1 month were presented as 5 exercises for each day with exercise sheet and mobile application. Patients in the exercise sheet group were asked to do their daily exercise 3 times. For mobile application group, notifications were sent 4 times a day. In our study, patients perceived pain "Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)", quality of life "Nottingham Health Profile (NHP)", work performance "Work Role Functioning Questionnaire", satisfaction of patients about mobile application "Satisfaction Questionnaire" and painful areas of patients, working year and working hours etc. parameters were evaluated with the "Demographic Information Form". There were significant changes in pain, quality of life and job performance scores in both groups after treatment (p <0.05). Group 1 compared to Group 2; pain, some parameters of quality of life which emotional reactions, sleep, physical activity, energy, total score and general health and all parameters of job performance were found to be statistically superior. In our study, two different exercise programs caused significant changes in pain, quality of life and work performance in office workers and it was stated that mobile application supported exercise program could be an alternative treatment in office workers

The Possıble Protectıve Effects Of Royal Jelly Admınıstratıon On Lıver Of Hypothyroıd Induced Female Rats

Çalışmamızda hipotiroidizmin karaciğer üzerinde oluşturduğu etkiler temel alınarak, bu etkilere cevap olarak karaciğer kök hücrelerinin rejenerasyonu ve hipotiroidinin meydana getirebileceği olumsuz etkilere karşı arı sütünün olası koruyucu özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. 30 adet Wistar albino cinsi dişi sıçan, 5 gruba ayrılarak 30 günlük deney süresince; kontrol grubuna hiçbir uygulama yapılmazken, sham kontrol grubuna 30 gün boyunca 10 mg/kg serum fizyolojik uygulaması, hipotiroidi grubuna 30 gün boyunca serum fizyolojik içerisinde çözünmüş 10 mg/kg propylthiouracil in intraperiotenal uygulaması, arı sütü + hipotiroidi grubuna ise 30 gün boyunca, distile suda çözünmüş 100 mg/kg arı sütü gavj uygulaması ve eş zamanlı olarak serum fizyolojik içerisinde çözünmüş 10 mg/kg propylthiouracil in intraperitoneal uygulaması yapıldı. Deney bitiminde yüksek doz anestezi altında feda edilen deneklerin karaciğer dokuları alındı, ışık mikroskobik inceleme için takip yöntemleri uygulandı. Histokimyasal boymada Hematoksilen-eozin, immünohistokimya boyamalarında ise SOD1 ve TROP2 uygulandı. Histokimyasal boyamalar sonucunda hipotiroidi oluşturulan grupta vena centralis ve vena porta nın dalı olan ven yapılarında dilatasyonlar, hepatositlerde piknotik çekirdeklerde, vakuolizasyonda, nekrozda görece artış ve hepatosit kordonlarında bozulmalar saptandı. Hipotiroidinin karaciğerde oksidatif stresi tetikleyerek dejenerasyona neden olduğu SOD1 immünohistokimya boyması ile tespit edildi ve meydana gelen dejeneratif etkilere cevaben karaciğer kök hücrelerinin aktive oldukları TROP2 immünohistokimya boyaması ile belirlendi. Hipotiroidinin karaciğer dokusu üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olduğu, koruma amaçlı kullanılan arı sütünün ise etkinliğinin yeterli olduğu kanısına varıldı.Based on the effects of hypothyroidism on the liver, we aimed to investigate regeneration of liver stem cells in response to these effects and the possible protective properties of royal jelly against hypothyroidism. 30 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 equal groups. Throughout in 30-day experiment, there was no application performed to control group. The sham control group received 10 mg / kg saline for 30 days. Hypothyroid group received 10 mg/kg propylthiouracil dissolved in physiological saline by intraperitoneal administration. Royal jelly group received 100 mg/kg royal jelly dissolved in distilled water by gavage. Royal jelly + hypothyroid group received 10 mg/kg propylthiouracil by intraperitoneal administration and simultaneously 100 mg /kg royal jelly by gavage. At the end of the experiment, liver tissues were taken from subjects which was sacrificed under high-dose anesthesia. Light microscobic monitoring methods were applied. Hematoxylin- Eosin, SOD1 and TROP2 stainings were performed. Histochemical staining revealed dilatations in vena centralis and venous structures of vena porta, increased picnotic nuclei, vacuolization, necrosis in hepatocytes and deterioration in hepatocyte cords were detected. SOD1 immunohistochemistry was used to determine the hypothyroidism induced oxidative stress and degeneration in the liver, and in response to the degenerative effects, TROP2 immunohistochemical staining of liver stem cells were determined. It was concluded that hypothyroidism caused adverse effects on liver tissue and royal jelly is sufficient to demonstrate protective effects