75 research outputs found

    La constitutionnalisation de la mens rea et l’émergence d’une nouvelle thĂ©orie de la responsabilitĂ© pĂ©nale

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    Un rĂ©sumĂ© en anglais est Ă©galement disponible.[À l'origine dans / Was originally part of : Fac. Droit - Coll. facultaire - Droit constitutionnel et LibertĂ©s publiques][À l'origine dans / Was originally part of : Fac. Droit - Coll. facultaire - Droit pĂ©nal et Protection de la jeunesse]Dans cet article, aprĂšs une brĂšve revue de lajurisprudence, l'auteure conclut que la notion de mens rea qui a Ă©tĂ© constitutionnalisĂ©e correspond Ă  l'exigence d'un minimum defautepersonnelle pour,fonder la culpabilitĂ©. Cette notion de la mens rea prĂ©sente un caractĂšre normatifet doit ĂȘtre distinguĂ©e de la mens rea entendue comme un Ă©tatd'espritsubjectivemetttapprĂ©ciĂ© devarttaccornpagnerla commission des Ă©lĂ©ments matĂ©riels de l'infraction. La mens rea entendue dans ce deuxiĂšme sens, en plus de ne pas avoir acquis de statut constitutionnel, connaĂźt mĂȘme un certain dĂ©clin en common law. Ceci s'explique par l'Ă©mergence d'une nouvelle conception de la culpabilitĂ©Ă  la CotersuprĂȘme du Canada, une conceptionfondĂ©e sur lemalcausĂ©plus quesurla turpitude morale du dĂ©linquant. L'auteure suggĂšre enfin quelques pistes de rĂ©flexion qui devraient ĂȘtre explorĂ©es afin de rendreplus cohĂ©rente la nouvelle thĂ©orie de la responsabilitĂ©pĂ©nale qui commence Ă prendre forme

    La négligence criminelle, la négligence pénale et l'imprudence en matiÚre réglementaire: quelles différences ?

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    Reprinted by permission of Thomson Carswell, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.[À l'origine dans / Was originally part of : Fac. Droit - Coll. facultaire - Droit pĂ©nal et Protection de la jeunesse]D'entrĂ©e de jeu, il faut convenir que la jurisprudence traitant des infractions en matiĂšre de conduite automobile n'est pas ce qu'il y a de plus lumineux. [FN1] En abordant la critique d'un jugement de premiĂšre instance portant sur une accusation de nĂ©gligence criminelle, on ne peut qu'avoir une profonde sympathie pour la situation difficile dans laquelle se trouve le juge du procĂšs. Ce domaine du droit, tant ici que dans les autres pays de common law, s'est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© l'un des plus difficiles et des plus incertains de tout le droit criminel

    L’étude du projet de loi n°109, Loi sur le directeur des poursuites publiques

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    PrĂ©sentĂ© lors des consultations particuliĂšres et auditions publiques dans le cadre de l’étude du projet de loi n°109, Loi sur le directeur des poursuites publiques, 7 juin 2005,[À l'origine dans / Was originally part of : Fac. Droit - Coll. facultaire - GĂ©nĂ©ralitĂ©s

    En marge de l'affaire Norbourg : les enjeux substantifs et punitifs suscités par le double aspect, réglementaire et criminel, de certains comportements frauduleux dans le domaine des valeurs mobiliÚres

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    Article acceptĂ© pour publication dans Les Cahiers de droit 2009 dont le thĂšme spĂ©cial est : DĂ©rives et Ă©volutions du droit pĂ©nal. Les auteurs ont la permission de diffuser cet article dans Papyrus jusqu’à sa parution dans Les Cahiers de droit.[À l'origine dans / Was originally part of : Fac. Droit - Coll. facultaire - Droit pĂ©nal et Protection de la jeunesse

    En marge de l’affaire Lacroix-Norbourg : les enjeux substantifs et punitifs suscitĂ©s par le double aspect, rĂ©glementaire et criminel, de certains comportements frauduleux dans le domaine des valeurs mobiliĂšres

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    Dans le texte qui suit, les auteurs prennent l’affaire Lacroix-Norbourg comme point d’ancrage de leur rĂ©flexion et s’interrogent sur des questions relatives Ă  l’application respective et cumulative du droit pĂ©nal provincial et du droit criminel. Leurs propos rĂ©vĂšlent la fragilitĂ© de la distinction entre ces deux catĂ©gories de droit pĂ©nal. Les auteurs analysent la jurisprudence constitutionnelle au regard de cette affaire et suggĂšrent qu’elle a peut-ĂȘtre contribuĂ© Ă  l’érosion du sens Ă  donner aux notions fondamentales de crime et de peine. Ils plaident en faveur de l’application de principes fondamentaux de justice dans le domaine des infractions pĂ©nales rĂ©glementaires passibles d’emprisonnement et concluent qu’il faut sĂ©rieusement s’interroger sur la faisabilitĂ© et l’opportunitĂ© d’appliquer successivement le droit pĂ©nal des valeurs mobiliĂšres et le droit criminel.In the ensuing paper, the authors use the Lacroix-Norbourg scenario as their starting point in raising questions concerning the respective and cumulative application of provincial penal law and criminal law. Their observations reveal the fragility of the distinction between these two categories of penal law. The authors dwell upon constitutional jurisprudence with regard to this issue and suggest that it may have contributed to an erosion of the meaning to be given to the fundamental concepts of crime and punishment. They plead in favour of applying the fundamental principles of justice in the field of regulatory offences punishable by imprisonment and conclude that one must seriously question the feasibility and suitability of successively enforcing penal law as applied to securities, and then criminal law

    À quoi bon la mĂ©taphysique?

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    La prĂ©sente thĂšse a pour objet l'examen de la lĂ©gitimitĂ© de l'entreprise mĂ©taphysique, dans ses rapports avec le rĂ©alisme mĂ©taphysique scientifique. La tĂąche de fournir une description vĂ©ridique de la nature, de la structure et de la composition ultimes du monde tel qu'il est en rĂ©alitĂ© semble dĂ©sormais (depuis l'avĂšnement de la modernitĂ©, en fait) l'apanage de la science plutĂŽt que de la mĂ©taphysique. Le problĂšme est donc le suivant : quelle place pour la mĂ©taphysique? La mĂ©taphysique n'est plus depuis belle lurette la « reine de toutes les sciences ». Doit-elle ĂȘtre « Ă©liminĂ©e » comme le recommandait Carnap? Ma thĂšse sera guidĂ©e par trois grandes questions. PremiĂšrement, Ă©tant donnĂ© que l'aspiration de connaĂźtre le « monde tel qu'il est » prĂ©suppose l'adoption du rĂ©alisme, la question se posera de la dĂ©finition et de la dĂ©fense d'une telle conception. Nous verrons dans le premier chapitre qu'un rĂ©alisme robuste requiert un engagement ontologique ferme envers une mĂ©taphysique rĂ©aliste comprenant Ă  la fois les objets du sens commun et les entitĂ©s thĂ©oriques postulĂ©es par la science. Je me demanderai en deuxiĂšme lieu s'il est nĂ©cessaire, ou du moins, s'il vaut la peine d'admettre, en sus de ces entitĂ©s physiques, des entitĂ©s proprement « mĂ©taphysiques », comme les universaux ou les tropes, postulĂ©es par la mĂ©taphysique. Et mĂȘme si la rĂ©ponse Ă  cette deuxiĂšme question m'apparaĂźt devoir ĂȘtre assez nĂ©gative, je me demanderai en troisiĂšme lieu s'il pourrait y avoir nĂ©anmoins un avantage ou une utilitĂ©, sur le plan explicatif, heuristique, ou mĂȘme seulement Ă  titre illustratif, Ă  postuler de telles entitĂ©s et Ă  tenir un tel discours.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : mĂ©taphysique, rĂ©alisme, mĂ©tamĂ©taphysique, philosophie analytique, philosophie des sciences, philosophie de la connaissance, tropes, universaux

    A systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of peer education and peer support in prisons.

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    BACKGROUND: Prisoners experience significantly worse health than the general population. This review examines the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of peer interventions in prison settings. METHODS: A mixed methods systematic review of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness studies, including qualitative and quantitative synthesis was conducted. In addition to grey literature identified and searches of websites, nineteen electronic databases were searched from 1985 to 2012. Study selection criteria were: Population: Prisoners resident in adult prisons and children resident in Young Offender Institutions (YOIs). INTERVENTION: Peer-based interventions Comparators: Review questions 3 and 4 compared peer and professionally led approaches. OUTCOMES: Prisoner health or determinants of health; organisational/ process outcomes; views of prison populations. STUDY DESIGNS: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed method evaluations. RESULTS: Fifty-seven studies were included in the effectiveness review and one study in the cost-effectiveness review; most were of poor methodological quality. Evidence suggested that peer education interventions are effective at reducing risky behaviours, and that peer support services are acceptable within the prison environment and have a positive effect on recipients, practically or emotionally. Consistent evidence from many, predominantly qualitative, studies, suggested that being a peer deliverer was associated with positive effects. There was little evidence on cost-effectiveness of peer-based interventions. CONCLUSIONS: There is consistent evidence from a large number of studies that being a peer worker is associated with positive health; peer support services are also an acceptable source of help within the prison environment and can have a positive effect on recipients. Research into cost-effectiveness is sparse. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO ref: CRD42012002349

    TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

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    Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

    Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

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    A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

    TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

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    Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.Rest of authors: Decky Junaedi, Robert R. Junker, Eric Justes, Richard Kabzems, Jeffrey Kane, Zdenek Kaplan, Teja Kattenborn, Lyudmila Kavelenova, Elizabeth Kearsley, Anne Kempel, Tanaka Kenzo, Andrew Kerkhoff, Mohammed I. Khalil, Nicole L. Kinlock, Wilm Daniel Kissling, Kaoru Kitajima, Thomas Kitzberger, Rasmus KjĂžller, Tamir Klein, Michael Kleyer, Jitka KlimeĆĄovĂĄ, Joice Klipel, Brian Kloeppel, Stefan Klotz, Johannes M. H. Knops, Takashi Kohyama, Fumito Koike, Johannes Kollmann, Benjamin Komac, Kimberly Komatsu, Christian König, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Holger Kreft, Ingolf KĂŒhn, Dushan Kumarathunge, Jonas Kuppler, Hiroko Kurokawa, Yoko Kurosawa, Shem Kuyah, Jean-Paul Laclau, Benoit Lafleur, Erik Lallai, Eric Lamb, Andrea Lamprecht, Daniel J. Larkin, Daniel Laughlin, Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Guerric le Maire, Peter C. le Roux, Elizabeth le Roux, Tali Lee, Frederic Lens, Simon L. Lewis, Barbara Lhotsky, Yuanzhi Li, Xine Li, Jeremy W. Lichstein, Mario Liebergesell, Jun Ying Lim, Yan-Shih Lin, Juan Carlos Linares, Chunjiang Liu, Daijun Liu, Udayangani Liu, Stuart Livingstone, Joan LlusiĂ , Madelon Lohbeck, Álvaro LĂłpez-GarcĂ­a, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Zdeƈka LososovĂĄ, FrĂ©dĂ©rique Louault, BalĂĄzs A. LukĂĄcs, Petr LukeĆĄ, Yunjian Luo, Michele Lussu, Siyan Ma, Camilla Maciel Rabelo Pereira, Michelle Mack, Vincent Maire, Annikki MĂ€kelĂ€, Harri MĂ€kinen, Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado, Azim Mallik, Peter Manning, Stefano Manzoni, Zuleica Marchetti, Luca Marchino, Vinicius Marcilio-Silva, Eric Marcon, Michela Marignani, Lars Markesteijn, Adam Martin, Cristina MartĂ­nez-Garza, Jordi MartĂ­nez-Vilalta, Tereza MaĆĄkovĂĄ, Kelly Mason, Norman Mason, Tara Joy Massad, Jacynthe Masse, Itay Mayrose, James McCarthy, M. Luke McCormack, Katherine McCulloh, Ian R. McFadden, Brian J. McGill, Mara Y. McPartland, Juliana S. Medeiros, Belinda Medlyn, Pierre Meerts, Zia Mehrabi, Patrick Meir, Felipe P. L. Melo, Maurizio Mencuccini, CĂ©line Meredieu, Julie Messier, Ilona MĂ©szĂĄros, Juha Metsaranta, Sean T. Michaletz, Chrysanthi Michelaki, Svetlana Migalina, Ruben Milla, Jesse E. D. Miller, Vanessa Minden, Ray Ming, Karel Mokany, Angela T. Moles, Attila MolnĂĄr V, Jane Molofsky, Martin Molz, Rebecca A. Montgomery, Arnaud Monty, Lenka MoravcovĂĄ, Alvaro Moreno-MartĂ­nez, Marco Moretti, Akira S. Mori, Shigeta Mori, Dave Morris, Jane Morrison, Ladislav Mucina, Sandra Mueller, Christopher D. Muir, Sandra Cristina MĂŒller, François Munoz, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Randall W. Myster, Masahiro Nagano, Shawna Naidu, Ayyappan Narayanan, Balachandran Natesan, Luka Negoita, Andrew S. Nelson, Eike Lena Neuschulz, Jian Ni, Georg Niedrist, Jhon Nieto, Ülo Niinemets, Rachael Nolan, Henning Nottebrock, Yann Nouvellon, Alexander Novakovskiy, The Nutrient Network, Kristin Odden Nystuen, Anthony O'Grady, Kevin O'Hara, Andrew O'Reilly-Nugent, Simon Oakley, Walter Oberhuber, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Ricardo Oliveira, Kinga Öllerer, Mark E. Olson, Vladimir Onipchenko, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Jenny C. Ordonez, Noriyuki Osada, Ivika Ostonen, Gianluigi Ottaviani, Sarah Otto, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Wim A. Ozinga, Anna T. Pahl, C. E. Timothy Paine, Robin J. Pakeman, Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou, Evgeniya Parfionova, Meelis PĂ€rtel, Marco Patacca, Susana Paula, Juraj Paule, Harald Pauli, Juli G. Pausas, Begoña Peco, Josep Penuelas, Antonio Perea, Pablo Luis Peri, Ana Carolina Petisco-Souza, Alessandro Petraglia, Any Mary Petritan, Oliver L. Phillips, Simon Pierce, ValĂ©rio D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Alexandr Pomogaybin, Hendrik Poorter, Angelika Portsmuth, Peter Poschlod, Catherine Potvin, Devon Pounds, A. Shafer Powell, Sally A. Power, Andreas Prinzing, Giacomo Puglielli, Petr PyĆĄek, Valerie Raevel, Anja Rammig, Johannes Ransijn, Courtenay A. Ray, Peter B. Reich, Markus Reichstein, Douglas E. B. Reid, Maxime RĂ©jou-MĂ©chain, Victor Resco de Dios, Sabina Ribeiro, Sarah Richardson, Kersti Riibak, Matthias C. Rillig, Fiamma Riviera, Elisabeth M. R. Robert, Scott Roberts, Bjorn Robroek, Adam Roddy, Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues, Alistair Rogers, Emily Rollinson, Victor Rolo, Christine Römermann, Dina Ronzhina, Christiane Roscher, Julieta A. Rosell, Milena Fermina Rosenfield, Christian Rossi, David B. Roy, Samuel Royer-Tardif, Nadja RĂŒger, Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado, Sabine B. Rumpf, Graciela M. Rusch, Masahiro Ryo, Lawren Sack, Angela Saldaña, Beatriz Salgado-Negret, Roberto Salguero-Gomez, Ignacio Santa-Regina, Ana Carolina Santacruz-GarcĂ­a, Joaquim Santos, Jordi Sardans, Brandon Schamp, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Matthias Schleuning, Bernhard Schmid, Marco Schmidt, Sylvain Schmitt, Julio V. Schneider, Simon D. Schowanek, Julian Schrader, Franziska Schrodt, Bernhard Schuldt, Frank Schurr, Galia Selaya Garvizu, Marina Semchenko, Colleen Seymour, Julia C. Sfair, Joanne M. Sharpe, Christine S. Sheppard, Serge Sheremetiev, Satomi Shiodera, Bill Shipley, Tanvir Ahmed Shovon, Alrun SiebenkĂ€s, Carlos Sierra, Vasco Silva, Mateus Silva, Tommaso Sitzia, Henrik Sjöman, Martijn Slot, Nicholas G. Smith, Darwin Sodhi, Pamela Soltis, Douglas Soltis, Ben Somers, GrĂ©gory Sonnier, Mia Vedel SĂžrensen, Enio Egon Sosinski Jr, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Alexandre F. Souza, Marko Spasojevic, Marta Gaia Sperandii, Amanda B. Stan, James Stegen, Klaus Steinbauer, Jörg G. Stephan, Frank Sterck, Dejan B. Stojanovic, Tanya Strydom, Maria Laura Suarez, Jens-Christian Svenning, Ivana SvitkovĂĄ, Marek Svitok, Miroslav Svoboda, Emily Swaine, Nathan Swenson, Marcelo Tabarelli, Kentaro Takagi, Ulrike Tappeiner, RubĂ©n Tarifa, Simon Tauugourdeau, Cagatay Tavsanoglu, Mariska te Beest, Leho Tedersoo, Nelson Thiffault, Dominik Thom, Evert Thomas, Ken Thompson, Peter E. Thornton, Wilfried Thuiller, LubomĂ­r TichĂœ, David Tissue, Mark G. Tjoelker, David Yue Phin Tng, Joseph Tobias, PĂ©ter Török, Tonantzin Tarin, JosĂ© M. Torres-Ruiz, BĂ©la TĂłthmĂ©rĂ©sz, Martina Treurnicht, Valeria Trivellone, Franck Trolliet, Volodymyr Trotsiuk, James L. Tsakalos, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Niklas Tysklind, Toru Umehara, Vladimir Usoltsev, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Jamil Vaezi, Fernando Valladares, Jana Vamosi, Peter M. van Bodegom, Michiel van Breugel, Elisa Van Cleemput, Martine van de Weg, Stephni van der Merwe, Fons van der Plas, Masha T. van der Sande, Mark van Kleunen, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Mark Vanderwel, Kim AndrĂ© Vanselow, Angelica VĂ„rhammar, Laura Varone, Maribel Yesenia Vasquez Valderrama, Kiril Vassilev, Mark Vellend, Erik J. Veneklaas, Hans Verbeeck, Kris Verheyen, Alexander Vibrans, Ima Vieira, Jaime VillacĂ­s, Cyrille Violle, Pandi Vivek, Katrin Wagner, Matthew Waldram, Anthony Waldron, Anthony P. Walker, Martyn Waller, Gabriel Walther, Han Wang, Feng Wang, Weiqi Wang, Harry Watkins, James Watkins, Ulrich Weber, James T. Weedon, Liping Wei, Patrick Weigelt, Evan Weiher, Aidan W. Wells, Camilla Wellstein, Elizabeth Wenk, Mark Westoby, Alana Westwood, Philip John White, Mark Whitten, Mathew Williams, Daniel E. Winkler, Klaus Winter, Chevonne Womack, Ian J. Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Justin Wright, Bruno X. Pinho, Fabiano Ximenes, Toshihiro Yamada, Keiko Yamaji, Ruth Yanai, Nikolay Yankov, Benjamin Yguel, KĂĄtia Janaina Zanini, Amy E. Zanne, David ZelenĂœ, Yun-Peng Zhao, Jingming Zheng, Ji Zheng, Kasia ZiemiƄska, Chad R. Zirbel, Georg Zizka, IriĂ© Casimir Zo-Bi, Gerhard Zotz, Christian Wirth.Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Max Planck Society; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; International Programme of Biodiversity Science (DIVERSITAS); International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP); Future Earth; French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB); GIS ‘Climat, Environnement et SociĂ©tĂ©'.http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/gcbhj2021Plant Production and Soil Scienc
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