Resposta de cultivares de arroz irrigado ao nitrogênio

Rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) response to nitrogen may vary under waterlogged conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of three new rice cultivars grown under irrigation, taking into account yield components. Two field experiments were carried out at Mococa, SP, Brazil, during 1997/98 and 1998/99, on a Typic Endoaquept. The experimental design was a split plot with four replications. The main plots received the N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1) and the sub plots were represented by rice cultivars (IAC 101, IAC 102 and IAC 104). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as urea, 33% at seedling transplantation and 33% 20 and 40 days latter. Cultivars responded significantly to N application and the average yield for three cultivars at higher N rates was more than 8 t ha-1. Cultivars IAC 104 and IAC 101 presented higher grain yield than 'IAC 102', although all of them presented a marked response to N fertilizer application. Adequate rates of N were 140 kg ha-1 for IAC 101 and 150 kg ha-1 for 'IAC 102' and 'IAC 104'. The 1000 grain weight and panicle length of three cultivars were significantly affected by N treatments. The length of the panicles was the component more closely correlated grain yield.Genótipos de arroz irrigado por inundação (Oryza sativa L.) podem apresentar variabilidade de resposta ao nitrogênio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta de três cultivares de arroz ao nitrogênio. Os experimentos foram realizados em Mococa, SP, em 1997/98 e 1998/99, em Cambissolo Háplico Tb Eutrófico gleico. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram aplicadas doses de N (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1) e nas subparcelas foram transplantadas mudas dos cultivares de arroz (IAC 101, IAC 102 e IAC 104). O nitrogênio foi aplicado parceladamente sendo 1/3 da dose no transplantio das mudas, 1/3 aos 20 dias e 1/3 aos 40 dias, após o transplantio. Os cultivares responderam significativamente à aplicação de N e a média de produtividade de grãos dos três cultivares na maior dose de N foi superior a 8 t ha-1. Os cultivares IAC 104 e IAC 101 apresentaram maiores rendimentos de grãos (4863 e 5015 kg ha-1, na ausência da aplicação de N) do que o IAC 102, com resposta quadrática para os dois primeiros e linear para o último. As doses adequadas de N foram 140 kg ha-1 para o 'IAC 101' e 150 kg ha-1 para 'IAC 102' e 'IAC 104'. O cultivar IAC 104 apresentou maior rendimento de grãos inteiros e, embora não tenha sido o mais produtivo nos dois anos do estudo, gerou maior produção de grãos inteiros por unidade de área. O comprimento da panícula foi o componente que melhor se correlacionou com o rendimento de grãos

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Atividade de lipoxigenase em cultivares brasileiras de arroz com vários níveis de resistência a brusone

Eight rice lines viz. CNA 8983, IAC-1732, IAC-1733, IAC-1748, IAC-1736, IAC-201, Volano and Arborea were evaluated in greenhouse for resistance against the leaf blast disease caused by Magnoparthe gracea. Lines CNA 8983, IAC 1732, IAC 1733 and IAC 1748 showed satisfactory resistance against the blast fungus while IAC 1736 and IAC 201 were intermediate and Volano and Arborea susceptible. All lines did not have lipoxygenase activity increased by methyljasmonic acid, however enzyme activity showed a positive relationship with resistance.Oito linhagens de arroz (CNA 8983, IAC-1732, IAC-1733, IAC-1748, IAC-1736, IAC-201, Volano e Arborea) foram avaliadas em casa de vegetação para a resistência contra a brusone causada por Magnoparthe gracea. As linhagens CNA 8983, IAC 1732, IAC 1733 e IAC 1748 foram satisfatoriamente resistentes contra o fungo; IAC 1736 e IAC 201 foram intermediárias e Volano e Arbórea, suscetíveis. Em todas as linhagens não ocorreu atividade de lipoxigenase aumentada pela exposição ao ácido metiljasmônico, no entanto, a atividade enzimática mostrou correlação positiva com a resistência.2730Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Effects of kinesiotherapy associated to bioproduct based the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet on collagen tissue muscle spastic of rats after spinal cord injury

A lesão medular (LM) é uma condição neurológica que envolve a interrupção parcial ou total do trânsito neuronal pela medula espinhal e pode resultar em deficiência física grave. A espasticidade é o transtorno mais incapacitante para o indivíduo pois limita a mobilidade e a funcionalidade do paciente. Sabe-se que alterações no colágeno muscular estão presentes em músculos espásticos. O bioproduto derivado da Alpinia zerumbet tem ação antiespasmódica e reguladora da concentração de cálcio no músculo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da cinesioterapia associada ao bioproduto à base do óleo essencial da Alpinia zerumbet (OEAz) sobre o colágeno dos tecidos musculares espásticos em modelo murino. Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental realizada com 30 ratos (Wistar) divididos em cinco grupos de seis animais: grupo Az (tratado com bioproduto), FT (tratado com fisioterapia), FTAz (tratado com a associação bioproduto e fisioterapia), CTR (controle 1 - sem realização de tratamento) e SHAN (controle 2 - sem lesão medular). Procedeu-se laminectomia a nível da nona vertebra torácica seguida de lesão medular compressiva (exceto no grupo SHAN). Foram realizadas análises comportamentais identificando ausência de disfunções neurológicas do grupo SHAN, bem como total recuperação após 21 e 28 dias dos grupo Az e FTAz respectivamente. O grupo FTAz foi o único a não apresentar diferença estatística quando comparado ao grupo SHAN. A análise histomorfológica indicou predominância do colágeno tipo III caracterizada como frequente e tipo I como razoável no grupo FTAz. Assim, pode-se concluir que a utilização de exercícios fisioterápicos associado ao bioproduto à base do OEAz mostrou-se eficaz para reverter as alterações na espessura e organização do colágeno causadas pela espasticidade após LM em modelo murinho.The spinal cord injury (LM) is a neurological condition that involves partial or total neuronal traffic interruption by the spinal cord and can result in several physical disability. Spasticity is the most disabling disorder for an individual because limits patient mobility and functionality. It is known that changes in muscle collagen are present in spastic muscles. Bioproduct based the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet with antispasmodic and regulatory action of the muscle calcium concentration. Thus, this study objective was to evaluate the bioproduct based the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet application effect in rats spastic muscle tissues. This is an experimental research conducted with 30 Wistar rats divided into five groups of six animals: Az group, FT, FTAz, CTR (without treatmant) and SHAN (without spinal cord injury). It was proceeded laminectomy at the ninth thoracic vertebra level followed by compressive spinal cord injury (except with SHAN group). Behavioral analyzes were performed to identify neurological dysfunction absence at the SHAN group, as well as full recovery after 21 and 28 days of Az and FTAz groups, respectively. The FTAz group was the only one that presents no statistical difference when compared to the SHAN group. The histomorphological analsys indicated frequent predominance of type III collagen and reasonable of type I at FTAz group. Thus, it can be concluded that the bioproduct based the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet use associated with physical therapy was

Resposta de cultivares de arroz irrigado ao nitrogênio

Genótipos de arroz irrigado por inundação (Oryza sativa L.) podem apresentar variabilidade de resposta ao nitrogênio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta de três cultivares de arroz ao nitrogênio. Os experimentos foram realizados em Mococa, SP, em 1997/98 e 1998/99, em Cambissolo Háplico Tb Eutrófico gleico. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram aplicadas doses de N (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1) e nas subparcelas foram transplantadas mudas dos cultivares de arroz (IAC 101, IAC 102 e IAC 104). O nitrogênio foi aplicado parceladamente sendo 1/3 da dose no transplantio das mudas, 1/3 aos 20 dias e 1/3 aos 40 dias, após o transplantio. Os cultivares responderam significativamente à aplicação de N e a média de produtividade de grãos dos três cultivares na maior dose de N foi superior a 8 t ha-1. Os cultivares IAC 104 e IAC 101 apresentaram maiores rendimentos de grãos (4863 e 5015 kg ha-1, na ausência da aplicação de N) do que o IAC 102, com resposta quadrática para os dois primeiros e linear para o último. As doses adequadas de N foram 140 kg ha-1 para o 'IAC 101' e 150 kg ha-1 para 'IAC 102' e 'IAC 104'. O cultivar IAC 104 apresentou maior rendimento de grãos inteiros e, embora não tenha sido o mais produtivo nos dois anos do estudo, gerou maior produção de grãos inteiros por unidade de área. O comprimento da panícula foi o componente que melhor se correlacionou com o rendimento de grãos