"Perra mala"

Texto teatral de la obra "Perra mala" de Esteban Argonz

Differences in bleeding behavior after endoscopic band ligation: a retrospective analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is generally accepted as the treatment of choice for bleeding from esophageal varices. It is also used for secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal hemorrhage. However, there is no data or guidelines concerning endoscopic control of ligation ulcers. We conducted a retrospective study of EBL procedures analyzing bleeding complications after EBL.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent EBL. We analyzed several data points, including indication for the procedure, bleeding events and the time interval between EBL and bleeding.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>255 patients and 387 ligation sessions were included in the analysis. We observed an overall bleeding rate after EBL of 7.8%. Bleeding events after elective treatment (3.9%) were significantly lower than those after treatment for acute variceal hemorrhage (12.1%). The number of bleeding events from ligation ulcers and variceal rebleeding was 14 and 15, respectively. The bleeding rate from the ligation site in the group who underwent emergency ligation was 7.1% and 0.5% in the group who underwent elective ligation. Incidence of variceal rebleeding did not vary significantly. Seventy-five percent of all bleeding episodes after elective treatment occurred within four days after EBL. 20/22 of bleeding events after emergency ligation occured within 11 days after treatment. Elective EBL has a lower risk of bleeding from treatment-induced ulceration than emergency ligation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Patients who underwent EBL for treatment of acute variceal bleeding should be kept under medical surveillance for 11 days. After elective EBL, it may be reasonable to restrict the period of surveillance to four days or even perform the procedure in an out-patient setting.</p

Advances in the treatment of prolactinomas

Prolactinomas account for approximately 40% of all pituitary adenomas and are an important cause of hypogonadism and infertility. The ultimate goal of therapy for prolactinomas is restoration or achievement of eugonadism through the normalization of hyperprolactinemia and control of tumor mass. Medical therapy with dopamine agonists is highly effective in the majority of cases and represents the mainstay of therapy. Recent data indicating successful withdrawal of these agents in a subset of patients challenge the previously held concept that medical therapy is a lifelong requirement. Complicated situations, such as those encountered in resistance to dopamine agonists, pregnancy, and giant or malignant prolactinomas, may require multimodal therapy involving surgery, radiotherapy, or both. Progress in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of prolactinomas may enable future development of novel molecular therapies for treatment-resistant cases. This review provides a critical analysis of the efficacy and safety of the various modes of therapy available for the treatment of patients with prolactinomas with an emphasis on challenging situations, a discussion of the data regarding withdrawal of medical therapy, and a foreshadowing of novel approaches to therapy that may become available in the future

Purification of quartz lascas rejected by silicon industries

Orientador: Carlos K. SuzukiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: O Brasil é na atualidade um dos principais produtores de silício para o mundo, sendo que a quantidade de quartzo extraído para a sua produção incluindo o ferro-silício, é da ordem de 2 milhões de toneladas/ano. Para a obtenção do quartzo destinado à redução carbotérmica em silício, nos diversos estágios de extração, britagem, seleção, transporte, e lavagem, cerca de 300.000 toneladas/ano de lascas de quartzo tomam-se rejeitos. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia ambientalmente correta, denominada "quench-Ieaching" e "crush-leaching", que se utiliza da lixiviação aquosa para a purificação deste material. Os resultados mostram que ocorre uma remoção efetiva de impurezas majoritárias nas lascas de quartzo, tais como, AI, Fe, Na, K, Ca, Mn, ..., dando-lhe uma pureza de 99,9% de SI 'O IND 2'. Uma comparação com diversos insumos de quartzo produzidos no exterior para uso em tecnologia avançada, como para produção de sílica vítrea translucente e "fillers" de "micro-chips", revela que este material purificado com esta tecnologia toma-se de qualidade equivalente ao pó de quartzo internacionalAbstract: Nowadays, Brazil is one of the main silicon metal and iron-silicon producer in the world. But on the other hand, the amount of natural quartz that has been extracted for this purpose is up to 2 milliontons/year. The key-point is the large quantity of rejected quartz lascas, approximately 300,000 tons/year, generated during the various stages of extraction, crushing, selection, transportation, and washing. A new environrnentally mendly purification methodology denominated "quench-Ieaching" and "crush-leaching, that only uses aqueous leaching, has been developed. The result shows an effective elimination of major quartz impurities, such as Al, Fe, Na, K, Ca, Mn, ... , that transforms this rejected material into a 99.9% purity SI 'O IND 2'. The quality of this material is as high as the quartz powder commercially available in the intemational market for use as "fillers" and translucent silica glass raw material for semiconductor industriesDoutoradoMateriais e Processos de FabricaçãoDoutor em Engenharia Mecânic

La gestión tributario municipal: herramientas de gestión tributaria para el incremento de la autonomía loca. Dos casos exitosos : los municipios de Marcos Juárez y Villa Nueva, provincia de Córdoba

En las últimas décadas se ha planteado la necesidad de modernizar la gestión y mejorar la recaudación tributaria municipal para compensar con mayores ingresos propios el incremento de las funciones de los gobiernos locales, provocado por el proceso de descentralización asimétrico que se ha desarrollado en la Argentina en las últimas décadas. (...). En este sentido, el objetivo general del presente trabajo es describir la situación fiscal que atraviesan los municipios de la Argentina y, proponer, a partir de la observación de dos casos exitosos, herramientas de fortalecimiento de gestión tributaria municipal, que mejoren la recaudación en el corto y mediano plazo, sin crear tasas nuevas, y se simplifique el sistema de administración tributaria y se incentive el pago voluntario

Estudo do processo de eliminação de "etch-channels" por eletrodifusão em quartzo sintetico

Orientador: Carlos Kenichi SuzukiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: O "sweeping" ou eletrodifusão em quartzo sintético é um processo realizado à temperatura da ordem de 500°C com a aplicação de um campo elétrico intenso. A eletrodifusão em quartzo sintético usando átomos de 'AG¿ em ar é de grande importância porque pode tornar o material altamente resistente à formação de "etch-channels", (canais "cavados" ao longo das linhas de discordâncias) por ataque químico. O material assim tratado encontra larga aplicação em tecnologia avançada, principalmente para a fabricação de ressonadores e filtros de altíssima freqüência processados por microlitografia. Neste trabalho desenvolvemos um estudo da influência das condições de eletrodifusão (temperatura, campo elétrico e tempo) na eliminação dos "etch-channels" em quartzo sintético em barra Z. Para a observação dos resultados foram aplicadas as técnicas de microscopia e inspectoscopia óptica que revelam que a densidade de "etch-channels" diminui de 11 a 0 linhas/cm2 para o campo elétrico variando de 125 a 1000 V/cm. Observou-se uma dependência da intensidade e forma das curvas de densidade de corrente com aplicação de diferentes campos elétricos e provavelmente devido à difusão de íons de 'AG¿ e íons alcalinos como o 'LI, 'NA¿ e K. Observou-se ainda a ocorrência de dois fenômenos de elevação da corrente de eletrodifusão, chegando à uma intensidade 10 vezes superior ao observado normalmente. Um destes fenômenos surge com a ocorrência de trincas no material, mesmo para campos elétricos baixos, que favorecem a movimentação dos íons de prata resultando num elevado pico de corrente. O outro fenômeno acontece para campos elétricos altos, da ordem de 1000 V/cm, devido à grande movilidade dos íons de prata nessas condições, mesmo sem a formação de trincasAbstract: The sweeping in synthetic quartz is a process of impurity diffusion performed at temperatures of about 500°C with the application of an intense electrical field. The electrodiffusion in synthetic quartz (sweeping), by using for example 'AG¿ atoms in air, has an increasing technological interest as it makes the material highly resistant to the formation of etch-channels by chemical etching. The etch-channel free quartz is essential for advanced technology applications, such as, the very high frequency resonators and filters, which are processed by microlithography and etching techniques. In this work, we have developed a research work on studying the sweeping conditions (temperature, electric field magnitude and sweeping time) and their influence on the elimination of etch-channels in Z-bar synthetic quartz grown by Brazilian ABC Crystals. The characterization studies have been conducted by etching technique, optical inspectoscopy and microscopy. The result shows a sharp decrease of etch-channels density from 11 to 0 lines/cm2 for the electric field varying in the interval 125 - 1000 V/cm. A dependence ofthe electrodifusion current density and curve shape were observed with the applied electrical field caused by the 'AG¿ diffusion and alkaline ions diffusion like 'LI¿, 'NA¿ and K. It was observed two phenomena on the electrodifusion current: one of them was a fast rising current density of the order of 10 times higher than usual that was observed to appear with the formation of microcracks inside the quartz block. Crystal, even under de application of low electrical fields. The other phenomena of high current density was observed to be associated with the applied high electrical field (~ 1000 V/cm), which may allow high mobility of 'AG¿ ionsMestradoMateriais e Processos de FabricaçãoMestre em Engenharia Mecânic