Sentinel node biopsy for personalized breast cancer management; advances and controversies

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the gold standard for axillary lymph node staging, providing valuable prognostic information while minimizing complications compared to axillary lymph node dissection. However, there are ongoing debates and controversies surrounding SLNB in specific cases. Studies have explored the use of SLNB in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, emphasizing the need for customized therapy decisions. Factors such as age, tumor characteristics, and treatment response influence the selection of SLNB or axillary lymph node dissection. Additionally, the presence of extranodal extension, micrometastases, and isolated tumor cells has been evaluated to determine the need for lymphadenectomy. The importance of accurate oncological staging by thorough pathological evaluation has been highlighted, particularly with regards to invasion depth and lympho-vascular invasion. The significance of biological tumor status, such as hormone receptor and HER2 status, in axillary management decisions has been emphasized. Moreover, discussions have emerged regarding SLNB in the context of local recurrence, with differing perspectives on its utility. Future extensive studies are needed to refine protocols and incorporate these concepts related to SLNB into breast cancer management guidelines

Valoarea examenului histopatologic în diagnosticul proceselor inflamatorii aderenţiale abdominale postoperatorii la copii

Rezultatele examenului histologic a pieselor intraoperatorii au pus în evidenţă o structură polimorfă bine diferenţiată care ne indică la prezenţa unui proces infl amator în diverse stadii clinico-evolutive, prezent chiar şi în procesele aderenţiale abdominale avansate. Aceasta confi rmă rolul major al procesului inflamator ca factor de risc în dezvoltarea procesului adrenţial abdominal la copil

Reducing cardiovascular burden in psoriasis patients by using specific therapies – How close are we?

Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that has gained popularity among scientific research from many promising perspectives on diagnosis and treatment. Individuals with psoriasis associate numerous comorbidities and have many predisposing factors in common especially with heart disease. Based on this, researchers tried to identify the common pathogenic mechanisms, the impact of risk factors on both pathologies, the influence of one disease on the another as well as the impact of novel therapies used in psoriasis on cardiovascular system, in order to improve the prognosis and quality of life of these patients. Areas of uncertainty. Pathogenic mechanisms involved both in psoriasis and atherosclerotic disease are not fully understood, especially in relationship with actual treatment strategies and their impact on prognosis. The purpose of this descriptive review is to summarize the latest available data, to see whether current treatment strategies of psoriatic disease should take into consideration the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when one drug should be chosen at the expense of another. Data sources. Literature research was performed using electronic database (PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) between January 2010 and June 2022. We used different keywords and MeSH terms to generate the most relevant results regarding psoriasis and cardiovascular disease. First, we evaluated the titles and abstracts of the articles and we excluded papers that didn’t met selection criteria

Gauge bosons at zero and finite temperature

Gauge theories of the Yang-Mills type are the single most important building block of the standard model and beyond. Since Yang-Mills theories are gauge theories their elementary particles, the gauge bosons, cannot be described without fixing a gauge. Beyond perturbation theory, gauge-fixing in non-Abelian gauge theories is obstructed by the Gribov-Singer ambiguity. The construction and implementation of a method-independent gauge-fixing prescription to resolve this ambiguity is the most important step to describe gauge bosons beyond perturbation theory. Proposals for such a procedure, generalizing the perturbative Landau gauge, are described here. Their implementation are discussed for two example methods, lattice gauge theory and the quantum equations of motion. The most direct access to the properties of the gauge bosons is provided by their correlation functions. The corresponding two- and three-point correlation functions are presented at all energy scales. These give access to the properties of the gauge bosons, like their absence from the asymptotic physical state space, the absence of an on-shell mass pole, particle-like properties at high energies, and their running couplings. Furthermore, auxiliary degrees of freedom are introduced during gauge-fixing, and their properties are discussed as well. These results are presented for two, three, and four dimensions, and for various gauge algebras. Finally, the modifications of the properties of gauge bosons at finite temperature are presented. Evidence is provided that these reflect the phase structure of Yang-Mills theory. However, it is found that the phase transition is not deconfining the gauge bosons, although the bulk thermodynamical behavior is of a Stefan-Boltzmann type. The resolution of this apparent contradiction is also presented. This resolution also provides an explicit and constructive solution to the Linde problem.Comment: v2: 153 pages, 45 figures, revised, updated, and extended version submitted on invitation to Physics Reports; v3: Intermediate update, 152 pages, 45 figures, minor errors corrected, reference list extended; v3 minor typographical changes and corrections, added references, version to appear in Physics Report

QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories : challenges and perspectives

We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of physical problems, in settings ranging from astrophysics and cosmology to strongly coupled, complex systems in particle and condensed-matter physics, as well as to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We also discuss how success in describing the strong interaction impacts other fields, and, in turn, how such subjects can impact studies of the strong interaction. In the course of the work we offer a perspective on the many research streams which flow into and out of QCD, as well as a vision for future developments.Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe