TurkishBERTweet: Fast and Reliable Large Language Model for Social Media Analysis

Turkish is one of the most popular languages in the world. Wide us of this language on social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, or Tiktok and strategic position of the country in the world politics makes it appealing for the social network researchers and industry. To address this need, we introduce TurkishBERTweet, the first large scale pre-trained language model for Turkish social media built using almost 900 million tweets. The model shares the same architecture as base BERT model with smaller input length, making TurkishBERTweet lighter than BERTurk and can have significantly lower inference time. We trained our model using the same approach for RoBERTa model and evaluated on two text classification tasks: Sentiment Classification and Hate Speech Detection. We demonstrate that TurkishBERTweet outperforms the other available alternatives on generalizability and its lower inference time gives significant advantage to process large-scale datasets. We also compared our models with the commercial OpenAI solutions in terms of cost and performance to demonstrate TurkishBERTweet is scalable and cost-effective solution. As part of our research, we released TurkishBERTweet and fine-tuned LoRA adapters for the mentioned tasks under the MIT License to facilitate future research and applications on Turkish social media. Our TurkishBERTweet model is available at: https://github.com/ViralLab/TurkishBERTweetComment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 8 table

Hollywood in Homes: Crowdsourcing Data Collection for Activity Understanding

Computer vision has a great potential to help our daily lives by searching for lost keys, watering flowers or reminding us to take a pill. To succeed with such tasks, computer vision methods need to be trained from real and diverse examples of our daily dynamic scenes. While most of such scenes are not particularly exciting, they typically do not appear on YouTube, in movies or TV broadcasts. So how do we collect sufficiently many diverse but boring samples representing our lives? We propose a novel Hollywood in Homes approach to collect such data. Instead of shooting videos in the lab, we ensure diversity by distributing and crowdsourcing the whole process of video creation from script writing to video recording and annotation. Following this procedure we collect a new dataset, Charades, with hundreds of people recording videos in their own homes, acting out casual everyday activities. The dataset is composed of 9,848 annotated videos with an average length of 30 seconds, showing activities of 267 people from three continents. Each video is annotated by multiple free-text descriptions, action labels, action intervals and classes of interacted objects. In total, Charades provides 27,847 video descriptions, 66,500 temporally localized intervals for 157 action classes and 41,104 labels for 46 object classes. Using this rich data, we evaluate and provide baseline results for several tasks including action recognition and automatic description generation. We believe that the realism, diversity, and casual nature of this dataset will present unique challenges and new opportunities for computer vision community

Comparison of topical isosorbide mononitrate, topical diltiazem, and their combination in the treatment of chronic anal fissure

SummaryBackground/ObjectiveChronic anal fissure is a painful condition that is associated with an increase in internal anal sphincter pressure. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of topical isosorbide 5 mononitrate and topical diltiazem, when administered either as single agents or in combination, in the treatment of anal fissure.MethodsPatients with chronic anal fissure were enrolled in the study. They were randomized into three groups: Group A (0.2% isosorbide 5 mononitrate users), Group B (2% diltiazem users), and Group C (2%diltiazem + 0.2% isosorbide 5 mononitrate users). Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Level of strain during defecation was graded on a 4-point scale.ResultsA total of 55 patients were enrolled in the study. The average ages of patients in Groups A, B, and C were 37.94 ± 16.19, 42.83 ± 13.21, 40 ± 13.58 years, respectively. After treatment, pain completely abated in 55.6% of patients in Group A, 27.8% (n = 5) in Group B, and 42.1% (n = 8) in Group C. The decreases in average VAS values prior to and after treatment in Groups A, B, and C were statistically significant (p values 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively). Average strain scores prior to and after treatment were 2.11/0.72 for Group A, 2.17/0.94 for Group B, and 1.95/0.47 for Group C. Strain during defecation prior to and after treatment in Groups A, B, and C was statistically significant (p values 0.001, 0.001, and 0.003, respectively).ConclusionTopical diltiazem and a combination of nitrate and diltiazem can be used in the treatment of anal fissure. However, the agents are not significantly superior each other

Effects of rock salt and sea salt stress on wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) and barley (hordeum vulgare L.)

Bu çalışmada kaya tuzu ile deniz tuzunun buğday ve arpa gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri kıyaslanmıştır. Çalışma için 650 g toprağa 4 g arpa ve 5 g buğday tohumu ekilerek üzerleri 100 g toprak ile kaplanmıştır. Çimlenen buğday ve arpalara 50, 100 ve 250 NM olacak şekilde farklı konsantrasyonlarda bir kez kaya tuzu ile deniz tuzu çözeltisi verilmiştir. Bitkiler yetiştirilme sürecinde tarla kapasitesine uygun sulanarak, 15 gün yetiştirildikten sonra hasat edilmiştir. Hasadı yapılan örneklerde elektrolit sızıntı miktarı ile antioksidan aktiviteleri (CAT, SOD, POD) belirlenmiştir. Kontrol örnekleri ile deniz ve kaya tuzunun uygulandığı örnekler arasındaki ilişki SPSS 22 İstatistik Paket Programı’nda istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Örnekler arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarının uygulandığı örneklerde konsantrasyon artışına bağlı olarak bitkilerin elektrolit sızıntı ile antioksidan aktivitelerinde önemli ölçüde artış gözlenmiştir.In this study, the effects of rock salt and sea salt on wheat and barley growth were compared. For the study, 4 g barley and 5 g wheat seeds were planted in 650 g soil and covered with 100 g soil. Rock salt and sea salt solution were given to germinated wheat and barley once at different concentrations of 50, 100 and 250 NM. The plants were irrigated according to the field capacity and harvested after 15 days of growing. The amount of electrolyte leakage and antioxidant activities (CAT, SOD, POD) were determined in the harvested samples. The relationship between the control samples and the samples, to which sea and rock salt was applied, was statistically calculated with SPSS 22 Statistical Package Program. Significant differences between the samples were found out. As a result, in the samples where different salt concentrations were applied a significant increase was observed in the electrolyte leakage and antioxidant activities of the plants due to the increase in concentration

Comparison of Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in Arterial Blood and Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Monitorizaiton in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Related Hypoventilation/Hypoxemia Syndromes

Objective There is limited number of studies conducted on the use of capnography for CO2 monitorization in sleep laboratories. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the correlation between the CO2 value measured by transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcCO2) monitorization and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels measured with arterial blood gas analysis in patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and Sleep-related hypoventilation/hypoxemic syndromes (SRHHS). Materials and Methods Patients with bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) treatment indication who were diagnosed with OSAS and SRHHS via polysomnography (PSG), were prospectively included in the study. Four arterial blood gas analyses were conducted from all participants (pre-and post-PSG, before and after manual bi-level positive airway pressure titration) in order to find PaCO2 levels against tcCO2 monitorization. Results Totally 30 patients with sleep-related respiratory disease (SRRD), consisting of 18 patients with OSAS and COPD, and 12 patients with OSAS and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), were included in the study. A correlation was detected between average tcCO2 level and average PaCO2 level in night PSG (r=0.600; p<0.0001). Similarly, we found a correlation between average tcCO2 level and average PaCO2 level in BiPAP titration night measurements as well (r=0.812; p=0.001). Finally, a correlation was detected between the average PaCO2 value obtained from four blood gas samples measured in both nights and the average tcCO2 value taken from two capnographies (r=0.783; p<0.001). Conclusion Comparing tcCO2 and PaCO2 values, it was determined that the average CO2 values measured by capnography correlated with the average of simultaneous arterial CO2 values measured before and after BiPAP titration

Evaluation of Antibiotic Alternatives Used in Orthopedic Departments of 2 Hospitals According to Rational Use of Antibiotics

Amaç: Birbirine yakın ve aynı bölgede yer alan iki farklı hastanenin ortopedi ve travmatoloji servislerinde yatan hastalarda, etkeni saptanan enfeksiyon olgularında antibiyotik kullanımının, akılcı ilaç tedavi rehberleri ve kültür antibiyogram sonuçlarına göre uygunluğunun araştırılması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma projesi T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Genel Sekreterlik İzni doğrultusunda 01 Ocak 2014 ile 31 Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında, iki hastanenin ortopedi ve travmatoloji servislerinde enfeksiyon tanısına sahip olguların verileri üzerinden gerçekleştirildi. Malignitesi olan veya başka bir servise taburcu edilen olgular çalışmadan dışlandı. Standart bir form oluşturuldu. Bu form içerisine, olguların demografik verilerine ek olarak, kültür antibiyogram sonuçları, enfeksiyon patojen etkeni, kültür materyalinin nereden alındığı, kullanılan antibiyotiklerin pozolojisi, süresi ve uygunluğu ile olguların yatış süreleri raporlandı. Maliyetlerin hesaplanmasında, Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Maliye Bakanlığı 2014 yılı fiyat listeleri temel alındı. Birim fiyat üzerinden hasta başına kullanılan antibiyotik maliyetleri hesaplandı.Bulgular: Saptanan enfeksiyon etkeni için her zaman uygun antibiyotiğin seçilmediği belirlendi. Antibiyogram sonuçlarına göre etkili, daha düşük maliyetli antibiyotikler kullanılabilinmesine rağmen sıklıkla daha pahalı ve toplam maliyeti yükselten antibiyotikler seçilmiştir.Sonuç: Kanıta dayalı tıp ve akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı kapsamında enfeksiyon tedavisinde kültür antibiyogram sonuçlarına göre uygun antibiyotik seçilmesi gerekliliği tartışılmaz bir bilimsel gerçektir. Ortopedi ve travmatoloji servislerinde enfeksiyon tedavisinde enfeksiyon hastalıkları ve farmakoloji uzmanlarını da sürece katarak multi-disipliner yaklaşılarak kanıta dayalı rehberlerin kullanımının artışı sağlanmalıdırBackground: The present study is an analysis of appropriateness of antibiotics use for patients in whom infectious agent was detected. Data from patients in orthopedics and traumatology department of 2 hospitals in the same district were evaluated according to rational antibiotic drug use guidelines and culture antibiogram results.Methods: Data of patients diagnosed with infection between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015 in orthopedics and traumatology department of 2 different hospitals were analyzed. Patients diagnosed with malignancy or who were discharged from other departments were excluded. A standard form was used to collect demographic data, culture antibiogram results, details of infectious agent, source of culture material, posology of antibiotic used, duration and appropriateness of use, and length of hospital stay. Costs were estimated based on number of units used and price per unit according to 2014 Ministry of Health price list. Mean price of antibiotics used per patient was calculated and descriptive analyses were also completed.Results: It was determined that appropriate antibiotics for detected infectious agent were not always selected. Though there were effective, less expensive antibiotics that could have been used according to antibiogram results, more expensive antibiotics were often chosen, resulting in greater total cost.Conclusion: Multidisciplinary approach in patient care and use of evidence-based guidelines should be increased. Teams should be formed and led by infectious disease and pharmacology specialists. New strategies should be developed immediately in health economics and new pharmacoeconomic models should be initiated in orthopedics and traumatology department

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Search for direct stau production in events with two hadronic tau-leptons in root s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of the supersymmetric partners ofτ-leptons (staus) in final stateswith two hadronically decayingτ-leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of139fb−1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LargeHadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant deviation from the expected StandardModel background is observed. Limits are derived in scenarios of direct production of stau pairs with eachstau decaying into the stable lightest neutralino and oneτ-lepton in simplified models where the two staumass eigenstates are degenerate. Stau masses from 120 GeV to 390 GeV are excluded at 95% confidencelevel for a massless lightest neutralino