9 research outputs found
The value of manure - Manure as co-product in life cycle assessment
- Author
- Adrian Leip
- Aimable Uwizeye
- Alessandra Fusi
- Alexander N. Hristov
- Amjid
- Amlan K. Patra
- Archontoulis
- Bar-Tal
- Barbara Amon
- Beraud
- Camillo De Camillis
- Cargele Masso
- Castellanos-Navarrete
- Chunjiang Liu
- Claudia M.d.S. Cordovil
- Dalgaard
- EEA
- Erisman
- FAO
- FAO
- FAO
- FAO
- FAO
- Flachowsky
- Françoise Vertès
- Galloway
- Gerber
- Gerber
- Graham
- Greg Thoma
- Hadas
- Hanč
- Hongming Dong
- Huhtanen
- Hussein
- IDF
- IPCC
- ISO
- Janne Helin
- Julio C.P. Palhares
- Leip
- M. Fernanda Aller
- Mariana C. Rufino
- Matthew R. Redding
- Menzi
- Michael Binder
- Mottet
- Negesse
- NEPA
- Nsalambi V. Nkongolo
- Parodi
- Powell
- Ramirez
- Richard Koelsch
- Roy
- Ruben Sakrabani
- Rufino
- Rufino
- Rurangwa
- Springmann
- Stefan Hörtenhuber
- Steinfeld
- Stewart Ledgard
- Sutton
- Van Zanten
- van Zanten
- Waldrip
- Weiss
- Willett
- Wortmann
- Wortmann
- Xia
- Ying Wang
- Zavattaro
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
Research ArticleLivestock production is important for food security, nutrition, and landscape maintenance, but it is associated
with several environmental impacts. To assess the risk and benefits arising from livestock production, transparent
and robust indicators are required, such as those offered by life cycle assessment. A central question in
such approaches is how environmental burden is allocated to livestock products and to manure that is re-used for
agricultural production. To incentivize sustainable use of manure, it should be considered as a co-product as long
as it is not disposed of, or wasted, or applied in excess of crop nutrient needs, in which case it should be treated
as a waste. This paper proposes a theoretical approach to define nutrient requirements based on nutrient response
curves to economic and physical optima and a pragmatic approach based on crop nutrient yield adjusted for nutrient losses to atmosphere and water. Allocation of environmental burden to manure and other livestock
products is then based on the nutrient value from manure for crop production using the price of fertilizer
nutrients. We illustrate and discuss the proposed method with two case studiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
- Author
- . Haifeng
- . Magner
- . Yin
- Abbott Scott
- Abbott-Ozersky Amanda
- Abdellah Zahra
- Abouelleil Amr
- Abrajano Anne
- Adachi Tamami
- Adam Catherine
- Adams Charles Q.
- Adamson Aaron
- Adekoya Emmanuel
- Adio-Oduola Babajide
- Aerts Andrea
- Aggarwal Arun
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmed Shahana
- Aimable Matthew
- Ainscough Rachael
- Ait-Zahra Mostafa
- Aizu Tomoyuki
- Alcivare Dana
- Alegria Michelle
- Ali Alla
- Ali Johar
- Allegria-hartmann Michelle
- Alleman Jennifer
- Allen Carlana C.
- Allen Heather
- Allen Nicole R.
- Allen Susan
- Allen Thaddeus
- Almeida Jeff
- Almond Claire
- Alsbrooks Stephen L.
- Altherr Michael R.
- Amaratunge Harshinie C.
- Ambler Andrew
- Ambrose Karen
- Ambrose Kerrie
- Amemiya Chris
- Amico-Keller Gina
- Amin Amita G.
- Anderson Mechele
- Anderson Scott
- Anderson Scott
- Andora Janice
- Andredesz Carol
- Andrew Robert
- Andrews Dan
- Andrews Daniel
- Andrews Neil
- Andrews Stephanie
- Andriese Tim
- Anthouard Véronique
- Antonarakis Stylianos E.
- Anyalebechi Vivian
- Aoki Norie
- Apostolou Sinoula
- Apweiler Eva
- Arachchi Harindra
- Arai Rie
- Arbery Hazel
- Arcaina Marlon
- Arcaina Terisita
- Archer Beth
- Arellano Andre
- Arellano-Jones Perry
- Armbruster Jeff
- Armstrong Jon
- Arredondo Dilrukshi P.
- Arredondo Heather Hope
- Artiguenave François
- Asakawa Shuichi
- Asakawa Teruyo
- Ash Gareth
- Ashcroft Kevin
- Ashurst Jennifer
- Ashwell Robert
- Ashworth Linda K.
- Aslanidis Cara
- Asomugha Chinwe O.
- Asuncion Lawreen
- Atkin Deborah
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- Atkinson Barry
- Attix Cristina
- Attwood John
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- Jewett Phillip E.
- Jia Jia
- Jia Jia
- Jia Nan
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- Jiang Lu
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- Lowenstein Michael G.
- Lowry Stephen
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- Lu Lingfeng
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- Lucier Raymond L.
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- MacLean Christine
- Madabhushi Ramki
- Madu Renita C.
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- McNinch Jenny
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- Nazareth Lynne V.
- Neal Dearl D.
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- Nwokenkwo Stanley
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- Okumura Reina
- Okwuonu Geoffrey O.
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- Olarnpunsagoon Alisa
- Olivas Jason
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- Olson Maynard V.
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- Paul Heidie A.
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- Pennacchio Len A.
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- Perez Agapito
- Perez Lesette M.
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- Quail Michael
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- Sonnhammer Erik
- Sonnhammer Erik
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- Sutherland Grant R.
- Sutherland Robert D.
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- Thorne Rachel Diane
- Thorpe Andrea
- Thorpe Karen
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- Threadgold Glen
- Thurston Scott
- Tian Chaoguang
- Tian Chaoguang
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- Tighe Damon
- Tin-Wollam Aye M.
- Tinsley Emma
- Tochigi Miwako
- Togashi Naoko
- Tomizawa Iori
- Tomlinson Chad
- Tong Jingli
- Topham Kerri
- Torcaso Bill
- Torney David C.
- Totoki Yasushi
- Towey Sarah
- Toyoda Atsushi
- Tracey Alan
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- Trani Lee
- Trankiem Margie
- Trask Barbara J.
- Travers Johnathan
- Trejos Zulma Y.
- Treuhaft Marianne
- Trevino Brenda Kaye
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- Trong Stephan
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- Ueland Stephanie
- Ueng Samantha
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- Ulanovsky Levy E.
- Un Chun
- Ung Quyen
- Upson Darren
- Urban Jeremy B.
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- Ureta-Vidal Abel
- Usmani Kamran
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- Villasana Donna M.
- Vine Wendy
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- Vo Andy
- Vo Nu
- Voak Paul
- Vollenhoven David
- Wada Hiromi
- Wagner Mark
- Wagner-McPherson Caryn
- Waldron Lenee
- Waligorski Jason E.
- Walker Davian L.
- Walker Keya
- Walker Sarah
- Wall Melanie
- Wall Randy E.
- Wallace John
- Wallis Justine
- Wallis Michelle
- Walsh Jennifer
- Walsham Natalie
- Wan Ma
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- Wang Ying
- Wang Ying
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- Wangdi Tsering
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- Warren Graham
- Warren James T.
- Warry Georgina
- Watanabe Hidemi
- Watanabe Saki
- Waterston Robert H.
- Watson Andy
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- Webb Jeannette
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- Weber Ryan J.
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- Wei Shulin
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- Weinstock Keith
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- Wells Sarah
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- Wen Gaiping
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- Wheatley Angela
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- Wheeler Gideon
- Wheeler Jeremy
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- White Scott P.
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- Wickremasinghe Manosha I.
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- Wiegel Sarah
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- Wilkinson Jane
- Wilkinson Paul
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- Williams Albert L.
- Williams Andy
- Williams Bill
- Williams Gabrielle A.
- Williams Leanne
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- Williamson Helen
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- Wills Richard
- Wilmer Tamsin
- Wilming Laurens
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- Wilson Gareth
- Wilson Margaret
- Wilson Nyree
- Wilson Piers
- Wilson Richard K.
- Wilson Siobhan
- Wilson Steve
- Wilson Wendy
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- Wohldmann Patty
- Wollard Jessica
- Womack Andrew W.
- Wong Benjamin
- Wong Gane K-S
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- Wood Emma
- Wood Joe
- Wooden Hailey S.
- Wooden Steven H.
- Woodeson Sharon
- Woodfine Kathryn
- Woodmansey Rebecca
- Woods Eric
- Woodwark Cara
- Wooster Richard
- Worley Kim Carlyle
- Woyke Tanja
- Wray Matthew
- Wray Paul
- Wright Charmain
- Wright Debbie
- Wright Kathrine
- Wright Kristin
- Wright Rita A.
- Wu Chungen
- Wu Dongying
- Wu Jiaqian
- Wu Jung-Rung
- Wu Kevin
- Wu Qingfa
- Wu Qingfa
- Wu Ruiming
- Wu Xiao
- Wu Xiaojing
- Wu Zaining
- Wyatt Julia
- Wycoff-Montenegro Melissa
- Wylie Kris
- Wyman Dudley
- Wyman Stacia
- Xi Yan
- Xi Yingying
- Xie Fei
- Xie Gary
- Xie Jane
- Xiong Hui
- Xiong Yuqing
- Xu Alex
- Xu Jing
- Xu Jing
- Xu Ruqin
- Xu Shuhua
- Xu Wei
- Xu Xinlai
- Xu Yan
- Xu Yuning
- Xu Zhihong
- Xu Zuyuan
- Xuan Yali
- Xuan Zhenyu
- Xue Rui
- Yada Tetsushi
- Yadav Shailendra
- Yakub Syed
- Yamamoto Lynn
- Yamamoto Noriko
- Yamamoto Yuko
- Yamashita Yasue
- Yamazaki Satoru
- Yang Hao
- Yang Huanming
- Yang Huanming
- Yang Joan
- Yang Shiaw-Pyng
- Yang Shudong
- Yang Xiaonan
- Yang Xiaonan
- Yang Xiaoping
- Yang Yongkui
- Yano Candance
- Yao Zhijian
- Yao Zhijian
- Yaspo Marie-Laure
- Ye Chen
- Yeager Shane
- Yeh Mimi
- Yen Jennifer
- Yeshitela Rahel Retta
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- Yokoyama Jennifer
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- Yoon Vivienne
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- You Bo
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- Young Louise
- Young Shelia
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- Yu Fuli
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- Yu Jun
- Yu Jun
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- Yuan Ye
- Yuan Yida
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- Yun Rui
- Zainoun Joanne
- Zembeck Lisa
- Zeng Yixin
- Zhai Dong
- Zhan Guoping
- Zhang Bo
- Zhang Caimin
- Zhang Fengmei
- Zhang Guangyu
- Zhang Guohua
- Zhang Guohua
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingkun
- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Lanzhi
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Meihua
- Zhang Meng
- Zhang Ming
- Zhang Qing
- Zhang Ruhua
- Zhang Shaojie
- Zhang Tiezhen
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xiaoliang
- Zhang Xiuqing
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Yi
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Ying
- Zhang Yuansen
- Zhang Yuzhi
- Zhang Zhengdong
- Zhao Hongmei
- Zhao Lijian
- Zhao Shenru
- Zhao Zhijing
- Zhen Zhicheng
- Zheng Haibo
- Zhong Ming
- Zhou Carol
- Zhou Haixia
- Zhou Jianling
- Zhou Nannan
- Zhou Xinfeng
- Zhou Yan
- Zhou Yang
- Zhou Yi
- Zhu Bingying
- Zhu Bofeng
- Zhu Fenghua
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Miao
- Zhu Ning
- Zhu Yongge
- Zhu Zhen
- Zhuang Shitao
- Zierten Deborah
- Zimmer Andrew
- Zody Michael C.
- Zollo Massimo
- Zorrilla Sara E.
- Zuo Lin
- Publication venue
- LSU Digital Commons
- Publication date
- 21/10/2004
- Field of study
The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait Si Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al Younes Hesham M
- Al Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y. O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- B\ue1nhegyi G\ue1bor
- B\ue9chet Daniel M
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T. W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro S\ue9bastien
- Bhatia Kissova Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S
- Boise Lawrence H
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C
- Bortoluci Karina R
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Bourquin Jean Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer Guittaut Micha\uebl
- Bozhkov Peter V
- Brady Nathan R
- BRANCOLINI Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L
- Brookes Paul S
- Brown Eric J
- Brumell John H
- Brunetti Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T
- Bulman Dennis E
- Bultman Scott J
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahov\ue1 Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B
- Carding Simon R
- Cardoso Sandra M
- Carew Jennifer S
- Carlin Cathleen R
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A. M
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han Jung
- Chai Chee Yin
- Chan David C
- Chan Edmond Y
- Chang Raymond Chuen Chung
- Che Chi Ming
- Chen Ching Chow
- Chen Guang Chao
- Chen Guo Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S. L
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H. K
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih Shen
- Chiou Shih Hwa
- Chisari Francis V
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong Hyung
- Choi Augustine M. K
- Choi Dooseok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung Hsien
- Chueh Sheau Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong Joon
- Chye Mee Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R
- Clague Michael J
- Clark Robert S. B
- Clarke Peter G. H
- Clarke Robert
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A
- Colombo Mar\ueda I
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P
- Cregg James M
- Crespo Jos\ue9 L
- Cronj\ue9 Marianne J
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J
- Czaja Mark J
- D'Amelio Marcello
- D\uedaz Araya Guillermo
- D\uedaz Laviada In\ue9s
- Darfeuille Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M
- Davies Faith E
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F
- de Haan Cornelis A. M
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M. D
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel J\uf6rn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D
- Devenish Rodney J
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz Meco Maria T
- Diaz Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh Kumar Savithramma P
- Ding Wen Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marl\ue8ne
- Drew Mark E
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Edelstein Charles L
- Edinger Aimee L
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El Deiry Wafik S
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- F\ue9s\ufcs L\ue1szl\uf3
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- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farr\ue9 Jean Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo Pereira Maria E
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A
- Fisher Paul B
- Flajolet Marc
- Florez McClure Maria L
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H
- Fox Howard S
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes Jos\ue9 M
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G
- Gao Fen Biao
- Gao George F
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Manero Guillermo
- Garcia Marcos Mikel
- Garcia Lorena
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R
- Gegg Matthew E
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N
- Gibson Spencer B
- Gilkerson Robert W
- Ginger Michael L
- Ginsberg Henry N
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora C\ue9line
- Gonz\ue1lez Est\ue9vez Cristina
- Gonz\ue1lez Polo Rosa Ana
- Gonzalez Rey Elena
- Gonzalez Claudio D
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gorbunov Nikolai V
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D
- Green Kim N
- Gregorc Ale\u161
- Gros Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun Lin
- Guan Kun Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M
- Gukovskaya Anna S
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Asa B
- H\ue9bert Marie Jose\ue9
- H\uf6hfeld J\uf6rg
- H\uf8yer Hansen Maria
- Halayko Andrew J
- Hale Amber N
- Halonen Sandra K
- Hamasaki Maho
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- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A
- Hayashi Shin ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A
- He Congcong
- He You Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A
- Helfrich Miep H
- Helgason Gudmundur V
- Henske Elizabeth P
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G
- Holyoake Tessa L
- Hong Ming Huang
- Hood David A
- Hotamisligil G\uf6khan S
- Houwerzijl Ewout J
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- Hu Chien An A
- Hu Hong Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei Pang
- Huber Tobias B
- Huh Won Ki
- Hung Tai Ho
- Hupp Ted R
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B
- Hussain Sabah N. A
- Hussey Patrick J
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L
- Ip Nancy Y
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- J\ue4\ue4ttel\ue4 Marja
- Jaakkola Panu M
- Jackson George R
- Jackson William T
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju Hong
- Jeung Eui Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jim\ue9nez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan
- Joe Cheol O
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E
- Johnson Gail V. W
- Jones Nicola L
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K
- Joubert Annie M
- Juh\ue1sz G\ue1bor
- Juillerat Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong Keun
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kagedal Katarina
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O
- Kampinga Harm H
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po Yuan
- Kehrl John H
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A. K. W
- Kiger Amy A
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do Hyung
- Kim Dong Hou
- Kim Eun Kyoung
- Kim Hyung Ryong
- Kim Jae Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K
- Kim Peter K
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C
- King Jason S
- Kinsella Timothy J
- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
- Klein Ludger
- Klimecki Walter T
- Klionsky Daniel J
- Klucken Jochen
- Knecht Erwin
- Ko Ben C. B
- Koch Jan C
- Koga Hiroshi
- Koh Jae Young
- Koh Young Ho
- Koike Masato
- Komatsu Masaaki
- Kominami Eiki
- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I
- Kouri Flores Juan B
- Kov\ue1cs Attila L
- Kr\ue4mer Helmut
- Kr\ufcger Rejko
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M
- Kroemer Guido
- Krut Oleg
- Ktistakis Nicholas T
- Kuan Chia Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- L\u151w Peter
- L\ue1szl\uf3 Lajos
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- La Spada Albert R
- Lafont Frank
- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
- Lane Jon D
- Lapaquette Pierre
- Laporte Jocelyn F
- Lavandero Sergio
- Lavoie Jos\ue9e N
- Layfield Robert
- Lazo Pedro A
- Le Cam Laurent
- Le Weidong
- Ledbetter Daniel J
- Lee Alvin J. X
- Lee Byung Wan
- Lee Gyun Min
- Lee Jongdae
- Lee Ju Hyun
- Lee Michael
- Lee Myung Shik
- Lee Sug Hyung
- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
- Lehmann Michael
- Lei Huan Yao
- Lei Qun Ying
- Leib David A
- Leiro Jos\ue9
- Lemasters John J
- Lemoine Antoinette
- Lesniak Maciej S
- Lev Dina
- Levenson Victor V
- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue Jun
- Li Yan bo
- Li Yi Ping
- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung Feng
- Liberski Pawel P
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J
- Lim Kah Leong
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- Lopez Berestein Gabriel
- Lossi Laura
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- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
- Lu Bo
- Lu Zhen
- Luciano Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
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- Motyl Tomasz
- Moussa Charbel E. H
- Muller Sylviane
- Murphy Leon O
- Murphy Maureen E
- Musar\uf2 Antonio
- Mysorekar Indira
- N\ufcrnberger Thorsten
- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
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- Nakahira Kiichi
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- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
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- Otsu Kinya
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- Overholtzer Michael
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- P\uf6ggeler Stefanie
- Paganetti Paolo
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- Pallet Nicolas
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- Perrotta Ida
- Perry George
- Pervaiz Shazib
- Peter Matthias
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- Petrovski Goran
- Phang James M
- Piacentini Mauro
- Pierre Philippe
- Pierrefite Carle Val\ue9rie
- Pierron G\ue9rard
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- Piras Antonio
- Piri Natik
- Platanias Leonidas C
- Po\ufcs Christian
- Poirot Marc
- Poletti Angelo
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- R\ue9gnier Vigouroux Anne
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- Sass Mikl\uf3s
- Sato Ken
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- Sch\ue4tzl Hermann M
- Sch\ufcller Christoph
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- Scharl Michael
- Scheper Wiep
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- Sternberg Cinthya
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- Subauste Carlos S
- Sui Xinbing
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- Sun Jiaren
- Sun Shi Yong
- Sun Zhi Jun
- Sung Joseph J. Y
- Suzuki Kuninori
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- Swanson Michele S
- Swanton Charles
- Sweeney Sean T
- Sy Lai King
- Szabadkai Gyorgy
- T\uf6nges Lars
- Tabas Ira
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
- Tafani Marco
- Tak\ue1cs Vellai Krisztina
- Takano Yoshitaka
- Takegawa Kaoru
- Takemura Genzou
- Takeshita Fumihiko
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- Wang Jin
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- Wang Mei
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- Wyttenbach Andreas
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- Xi Zhijun
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- Xu Liang
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- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng Chao
- Yao Tso Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei Lien
- Yin Jia jing
- Yin Xiao Ming
- Yoo Ook Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh Herbert J
- Zeitlin Scott O
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing Pu
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei Guo
- Zhu Xiao Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke J\ufcrgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A.
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S.-L.
- Chen WenLi
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H.K.
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H.
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V.
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine MK
- Choi DooSeok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E.
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R.
- Clague Michael J.
- Clark Robert S.B.
- Clarke Peter G.H.
- Clarke Robert B
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A.
- Colombo María I.
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R.
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P.
- Cregg James M.
- Crespo José L.
- Cronjé Marianne J.
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J.
- Czaja Mark J.
- D'Amelio Marcello
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M.
- Davies Faith E.
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F.
- de Haan Cornelis A.M.
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M.D.
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D.
- Devenish Rodney J.
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz-Meco Maria T.
- Diaz-Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P.
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W.
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C.
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J.
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marlène
- Drew Mark E.
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen E.
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Díaz-Araya Guillermo
- Díaz-Laviada Inés
- Edelstein Charles L.
- Edinger Aimee L.
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El-Deiry Wafik S.
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M.
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna-Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
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- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
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- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
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- von Haefen Clarissa
- Votruba Marcela
- Wada Keiji
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- Walker Cheryl L.
- Walsh Craig M.
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Xiang-Bo
- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
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- Wang Jin
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- Yao Meng-Chao
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- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
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- Yu Long
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- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
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- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
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- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
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- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
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- Chen Guang-Chao
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- Chen Steve S.-L.
- Chen WenLi
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H.K.
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H.
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V.
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine MK
- Choi DooSeok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E.
- Chouaib Salem
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- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R.
- Clague Michael J.
- Clark Robert S.B.
- Clarke Peter G.H.
- Clarke Robert B
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A.
- Colombo María I.
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R.
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
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- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
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- Cronjé Marianne J.
- Cuervo Ana Maria
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- De Martino Luisa
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- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
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- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
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- Devenish Rodney J.
- Di Gioacchino Mario
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- Diaz-Meco Maria T.
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- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P.
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W.
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
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- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi-Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farre Jean-Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G.
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo-Pereira Maria E.
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C.
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D.
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A.
- Fisher Paul B.
- Flajolet Marc
- Flores Juan B. Kouri
- Florez-McClure Maria L.
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
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- Franco Rodrigo
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- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes José M.
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
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- Furukawa Ruth H.
- Fésüs László
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G.
- Gao Fen-Biao
- Gao George F.
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Lorena
- Garcia-Manero Guillermo
- Garcia-Marcos Mikel
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L.
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R.
- Gegg Matthew E.
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E.
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M.
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N.
- Gibson Spencer B.
- Gilkerson Robert W.
- Ginger Michael L.
- Ginsberg Henry N.
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S.
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez-Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora Céline
- Gonzalez Claudio D.
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gonzalez-Rey Elena
- González-Estévez Cristina
- González-Polo Rosa Ana
- Gorbunov Nikolai V.
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D.
- Green Kim N.
- Gregorc Ales
- Gros Frédéric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W.
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun-Lin
- Guan Kun-Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M.
- Gukovskaya Anna S.
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Åsa B.
- Halayko Andrew J.
- Hale Amber N.
- Halonen Sandra K.
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K.
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E.
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L.
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D.
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A.
- Hayashi Shin-ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A.
- He Congcong
- He You-Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A.
- Helfrich Miep H.
- Helgason Gudmundur V.
- Henske Elizabeth P.
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K.
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J.
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G.
- Holyoake Tessa L.
- Hong Ming-Huang
- Hood David A.
- Hotamisligil Gökhan S.
- Houwerzijl Ewout J.
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien-an A.
- Hu Hong-Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei-Pang
- Huber Tobias B.
- Huh Won-Ki
- Hung Tai-Ho
- Hupp Ted R.
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B.
- Hussain Sabah N.A.
- Hussey Patrick J.
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Hébert Marie-Josée
- Höhfeld Jörg
- Høyer-Hansen Maria
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L.
- Ip Nancy Y.
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken-ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- Jaakkola Panu M.
- Jackson George R.
- Jackson William T.
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju-Hong
- Jeung Eui-Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X.
- Jiang Ming
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- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiménez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan V.
- Joe Cheol O.
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E.
- Johnson Gail V.W.
- Jones Nicola L.
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K.
- Joubert Annie M.
- Juhász Gábor
- Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong-Keun
- Jäättelä Marja
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O.
- Kampinga Harm H.
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon-A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G.
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P.
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po-Yuan
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- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
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- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A.K.W.
- Kiger Amy A.
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do-Hyung
- Kim Dong-Hou
- Kim Eun-Kyoung
- Kim Hyung-Ryong
- Kim Jae-Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K.
- Kim Peter K.
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong-Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C.
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- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A.
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
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- Klucken Jochen
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- Koch Jan C.
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- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei-Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I.
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I.
- Kovács Attila L
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz-Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M.
- Kroemer Guido
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- Krämer Helmut
- Krüger Rejko
- Ktistakis Nicholas T.
- Kuan Chia-Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing-Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- Kågedal Katarina
- La Spada Albert R.
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- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
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- Levy Efrat
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- Li Yan-Bo
- Li Yi-Ping
- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung-Feng
- Liberski Pawel P.
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J.
- Lim Kah-Leong
- Lim Kyu
- Lin Chiou-Feng
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- Lin Jian
- Lin Jiandie D.
- Lin Kui
- Lin Wan-Wan
- Lin Weei-Chin
- Lin Yi-Ling
- Linden Rafael
- Lingor Paul
- Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer
- Lisanti Michael P.
- Liton Paloma B.
- Liu Bo
- Liu Chun-Feng
- Liu Kaiyu
- Liu Leyuan
- Liu Qiong A.
- Liu Wei
- Liu Young-Chau
- Liu Yule
- Lockshin Richard A.
- Lok Chun-Nam
- Lonial Sagar
- Loos Benjamin
- Lopez-Berestein Gabriel
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- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Tso-Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yoo Ook-Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh III Herbert J.
- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdelhaq Rami
- Abhinav Diwan
- Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
- Adalberto Merighi
- Adi Kimchi
- Adrian L. Harris
- Agnieszka Sirko
- Ahlberg J
- Ai Yamamoto
- Aimable Nahimana
- Aimee L. Edinger
- Aimin Wang
- Akiko Iwasaki
- Akio Kihara
- Akitsugu Yamamoto
- Aksam EB
- Alan Cheng
- Albert R. La Spada
- Alberto Jiménez
- Alec C. Kimmelman
- Ales Gregorc
- Alessandro Fanzani
- Alexander J. Whitworth
- Alexandra N. Giatromanolaki
- Alexandru Almasan
- Alexei Degterev
- Alexei Terman
- Alfred J. Meijer
- Alicia Meléndez
- Alison Simmons
- Allan B. Caplan
- Allan Tsung
- Allen Kaasik
- Alvin J.X. Lee
- Amal O. Amer
- Amber N. Hale
- Ameeta Kelekar
- Amy A. Kiger
- Ana Brennand
- Ana Coto-Montes
- Ana Maria Cuervo
- Ana Milojkovic
- Anas Younes
- Anastasis Stephanou
- Anders H. Lund
- Andrea Ballabio
- Andreas Brech
- Andreas Mayer
- Andreas S. Reichert
- Andreas Wyttenbach
- Andrei L. Gartel
- Andrew J. Halayko
- Andrew Lieberman
- Andrew Thorburn
- Andriy A. Sibirny
- Andriy Nemchenko
- Angelika A. Noegel
- Angelo De Milito
- Angelo Poletti
- Anil K. Sood
- Anil Prasad
- Ann Progulske-Fox
- Anna Katharina Simon
- Anna M. Giammarioli
- Anna M. Krichevsky
- Anna Nogalska
- Anna S. Gukovskaya
- Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Anne Simonsen
- Annie M. Joubert
- Anthony H.V. Schapira
- Anthony M.J. Sanchez
- Antoinette Lemoine
- Antonio Musarò
- Antonio Piras
- Antonio Zorzano
- Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- Arthi Kanthasamy
- Ashok Kumar
- Assaf Rudich
- Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Atsuo Amano
- Attila L. Kovács
- Audrey Esclatine
- Augustine M.K. Choi
- Ausra Sasnauskiene
- Aviva M. Tolkovsky
- Baharia Mograbi
- Bakhos A. Tannous
- Barry Ganetzky
- Bassam Janji
- Beat C. Bornhauser
- Beat Nyfeler
- Beata Sikorska
- Behzad Yeganeh
- Ben A. Bahr
- Ben C.B. Ko
- Benjamin Dehay
- Benjamin Loos
- Berger B
- Bertrand Joseph
- Bertrand Mollereau
- Beth Levine
- BethAnn McLaughlin
- Biederbick A
- Binfeng Lu
- Bingren Hu
- Bingwei Lu
- Biolo G
- Birmingham CL
- Birmingham CL
- Björn Stork
- Bjørkøy G
- Bo Liu
- Bo Lu
- Boon-Huat Bay
- Boris Turk
- Boris Zhivotovsky
- Bradly G. Wouters
- Brian Herman
- Brian P. Rubin
- Brian Zuckerbraun
- Brigitte Galliot
- Brinda Ravikumar
- Brown CR
- Bruce A. Bamber
- Bruce H. Reed
- Bruno Calabretta
- Bryan Bellaire
- Bulent Ozpolat
- Byung-Wan Lee
- Bärbel Rohrer
- Bélanger M
- Cam Patterson
- Camilla Palumbo
- Camille Martinand-Mari
- Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Canhua Huang
- Cantino D
- Carine Michiels
- Carl G. Feng
- Carlos López-Otín
- Carlos S. Subauste
- Carmine Settembre
- Carol A. Mercer
- Carole Kretz-Remy
- Caroline A. Whitehouse
- Catherine McDermott
- Cathleen R. Carlin
- Cathy Tournier
- Caty Casas
- Chan EY
- Chang Hwa Jung
- Changlian Zhu
- Chanhee Kang
- Chao-Yu Miao
- Charbel E.-H. Moussa
- Charleen T. Chu
- Charles Grose
- Charles L. Edelstein
- Charles Swanton
- Chee-Yin Chai
- Chenghan Wu
- Chenguang Wang
- Chengyu Liang
- Cheol O. Joe
- Cheol-Heui Yun
- Chera S
- Cheryl L. Walker
- Chi Hin Cho
- Chi-Ming Che
- Chia-Yi Kuan
- Chiara Di Pietro
- Chien-an A. Hu
- Chihiro Sasakawa
- Ching-Chow Chen
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Christian Behl
- Christian Behrends
- Christian G. Meyer
- Christian Münz
- Christian Poüs
- Christian Sell
- Christine McDonald
- Christoph Schüller
- Christopher H.K. Cheng
- Christopher J. Rhodes
- Christopher R. McMaster
- Chun-Feng Liu
- Chun-Nam Lok
- Chwen-Ming Shih
- Ciechomska IA
- Cindy K. Miranti
- Cinthya Sternberg
- Ciro Isidoro
- Clarissa von Haefen
- Clark W. Distelhorst
- Claudia D. Spies
- Claudine Kraft
- Claudio Brancolini
- Claudio D. Gonzalez
- Claudio Hetz
- Claudio Schneider
- Claus Kerkhoff
- Clelia Miracco
- Clinton R. Bartholomew
- Colombo MI
- Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Congcong He
- Conrad C. Weihl
- Corey Nislow
- Cornelis A.M. de Haan
- Craig B. Thompson
- Craig M. Walsh
- Cristiano Simone
- Cristina González-Estévez
- Cuervo AM
- Cécile Vindis
- Céline Gongora
- Da-zhi Xu
- Dagda RK
- Dalibor Mijaljica
- Daniel E. Johnson
- Daniel F. Schorderet
- Daniel H. Fowler
- Daniel J. Klionsky
- Daniel J. Ledbetter
- Daniel M. Béchet
- Daniela Marazziti
- Dao-Cheng Wu
- Daolin Tang
- Daotai Nie
- Dave Bridges
- David A. Gewirtz
- David A. Hood
- David A. Leib
- David A. Sinclair
- David C. Chan
- David C. Rubinsztein
- David H. Kessel
- David H. Perlmutter
- David J. McConkey
- David K. Ann
- David L. Boone
- David M. Sabatini
- David S. Askew
- David Sulzer
- David Zacks
- Davide Malagoli
- Dawei Wang
- Debasish Sinha
- Denne SC
- Dennis E. Bulman
- Deok Ryong Kim
- Derek P. Narendra
- Derick G. Wansink
- Devrim Gozuacik
- Diane C. Bassham
- Diane C. Fingar
- Diane E. Merry
- Diane M. Ward
- Dieter Willbold
- Dimitri Krainc
- Dina Lev
- Dingzhong Tang
- Divaker Choubey
- Do-Hyung Kim
- Dong-Hou Kim
- Dong-Hyung Cho
- Dongsheng Cai
- Donna Denton
- DooSeok Choi
- Dubuisson JF
- Dun-Sheng Yang
- Duncan R. Smith
- Duska Separovic
- Ebru Goncu
- Edmond Y. Chan
- Edmund B. Rucker
- Eduardo Cebollero
- Eduardo Couve
- Edward A. Fisher
- Edward A. Fon
- Edward T.W. Bampton
- Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- Efrat Levy
- Efthimios Sivridis
- Eiichiro Nagata
- Eiki Kominami
- Eitan Shaulian
- Elaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin
- Elaine Silva-Zacarin
- Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Eleonora Candi
- Elizabeth P. Henske
- Elizabeth Yang
- Elizete Rizzo
- Emery H. Bresnick
- Emil Rudolf
- Enza Maria Valente
- Eric Chevet
- Eric H. Baehrecke
- Eric J. Brown
- Eriko Fujita
- Erwin Knecht
- Eskelinen E-L
- Eui-Bae Jeung
- Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Eva C. Vaquero
- Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- Evelina Gatti
- Ewout J. Houwerzijl
- F. Javier Oliver
- Fabio C. Abdalla
- Fabrizio Condorelli
- Faith E. Davies
- Fan Wang
- Faqiang Li
- Farkas T
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Federica Sotgia
- Felix Randow
- Fen Wang
- Fen-Biao Gao
- Feng Han
- FengFeng Tian
- Fernando Macian
- Filomena Fiorito
- Fimia GM
- Fiona M. Menzies
- Francesca Bernassola
- Francesca Demarchi
- Francesca Rovetta
- Francesco Cecconi
- Francesco Fornai
- Francis V. Chisari
- Franco Fortunato
- Frank A. Sinicrope
- Frank C. Dorsey
- Frank Lafont
- Frank Madeo
- Fraser P. Coxon
- Fréderic Luciano
- Frédéric Bost
- Frédéric Gros
- Fu-Cheng Lin
- Fujii S
- Fukagawa NK
- Fulvio Reggiori
- Fumihiko Takeshita
- G. Angus McQuibban
- Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Gabriella Marfe
- Gail V.W. Johnson
- Galliot B
- Gang Min Hur
- Garber AJ
- Gary D. Grant
- Gary K. Ostrander
- Gary K. Schwartz
- Geert Bultynck
- Gengfu Xiao
- Genzou Takemura
- Georg Ramm
- George F. Gao
- George Perry
- George R. Jackson
- Gerald M. McInerney
- Gerry Melino
- Ghasem Hoseini Salekdeh
- Giampietro Viola
- Gian Maria Fimia
- Gianluca Tettamanti
- Gilbert Di Paolo
- Giorgio Casari
- Giovanna Elvira Granato
- Giulia Baldini
- Giuseppe Arancia
- Giusti C
- Glauco Tocchini-Valentini
- Glen E. Palmer
- Glenn Randall
- Godefridus J. Peters
- Goncu E
- Goran Petrovski
- Gordon C. Shore
- Gordon PB
- Gordon PB
- Gosai SJ
- Graham H. Coombs
- Graham S. Taylor
- Greet Van den Berghe
- Gregory A. Taylor
- Guan J
- Guang-Chao Chen
- Guanghui Wang
- Gudmundur V. Helgason
- Guido Kroemer
- Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Guillermo Mariño
- Guillermo Velasco
- Guo-Qiang Chen
- Gur P. Kaushal
- Gustavo Egea
- Guy Salvesen
- Gyesoon Yoon
- Gyun Min Lee
- György Szabadkai
- Gábor Juhász
- Gábor Juhász
- Gérard Pierron
- Gökhan S. Hotamisligil
- H. Peter Rodemann
- Hagai Abeliovich
- Haichao Wang
- Han-Jung Chae
- Han-Ming Shen
- Hannah Rabinowich
- Hans-Uwe Simon
- Hany Khalil
- Harald Stenmark
- Harm H. Kampinga
- Haruo Kanno
- Hassan Chaachouay
- Hee Jeong Kong
- Heesun Cheong
- Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Helmut Krämer
- Henri Batoko
- Henri Bernardi
- Henry N. Ginsberg
- Herbert J. Zeh III
- Hermann M. Schätzl
- Hernan Roca
- Hesham M. Al-Younes
- Hilary A. Coller
- Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Hiroshi Aoki
- Hiroshi Koga
- Hiroshi Sakagami
- Hirotaka Watada
- Hiroyasu Nakano
- Hiroyuki Ishida
- Hirsimäki Y
- Hisashi Ashida
- Hisashi Harada
- Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- Ho Jeong Kwon
- Ho Jin You
- Hong Jiang
- Hong Zhang
- Hong-Gang Wang
- Hong-Ming Hu
- Hongchi Jiang
- Horng-Dar Wang
- Howard S. Fox
- Hsing-Jien Kung
- Huan-Yao Lei
- Hui-Ling Chiang
- Hui-Ling Zhang
- Huizhou Fan
- Hutchins MU
- Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Hyung Jun Ahn
- Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Hyunjung J. Lim
- Häussinger D
- Ian G. Ganley
- Iban Seiliez
- Ichizo Nishino
- Ida J. van der Klei
- Ida Perrotta
- Igor B. Roninson
- Ilse Vanhorebeek
- Ilya Gukovsky
- Indira Mysorekar
- Ingrid Bhatia-Kissova
- Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Ioannis Bossis
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Ioannis P. Nezis
- Ira Tabas
- Irena Manov
- Irfan Rahman
- Irmgard Paris
- Irving M. Shapiro
- Iryna Monastyrska
- Isabelle Beau
- Isabelle Coppens
- Isabelle Dugail
- Isei Tanida
- Issidora Papassideri
- Ivan Dikic
- Ivana Novak
- Iwai-Kanai E
- J. Lindsay Whitton
- J. Paul Taylor
- J. Wade Harper
- Jacques Landry
- Jae-Ho Cheong
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Jae-Young Koh
- Jakub Golab
- James B. Hurley
- James H. Shelhamer
- James Harris
- James J. Dowling
- James M. Cregg
- James M. Phang
- Jan A.K.W. Kiel
- Jan B. Parys
- Jan C. Koch
- Jan Gunst
- Janice S. Blum
- Jason E. Gestwicki
- Jason S. King
- Javier A. Menendez
- Javier Alegre-Abarrategui
- Javier Calvo-Garrido
- Javier Diaz-Nido
- Jay E. Brenman
- Jayanta Debnath
- Jean Celli
- Jean X. Jiang
- Jean-Claude Farre
- Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Jeff P. MacKeigan
- Jeffrey A. Haspel
- Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Jeffrey Robbins
- Jekaterina Erenpreisa
- Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
- Jennifer S. Carew
- Jenny Campos-Salinas
- Jeong Hun Kim
- Jeremy C. Mottram
- Jia Fan
- Jia-Jing Yin
- Jian Feng
- Jian Lin
- Jiandie D. Lin
- Jianhua Zhang
- Jianxin Peng
- Jianzhen Xu
- Jiaren Sun
- Jiefei Geng
- Jin Cheon Kim
- Jin Wang
- Jin-Ming Yang
- Jing-hsiung James Ou
- Jing-Pu Zhang
- Jinming Gao
- Jiyang Cai
- Joan S. Steffan
- Jocelyn F. Laporte
- Jochen Klucken
- Jochen Walter
- John C. Reed
- John F. de Groot
- John H. Brumell
- John H. Kehrl
- John J. Lemasters
- John J. Reiners Jr.
- John J. Shacka
- John K. Kim
- John M. Pawelek
- John P. Aris
- John Tower
- John W. Wiley
- Jomain-Baum M
- Jon D. Lane
- Jonathan P. Butchar
- Jong Bok Seo
- Jongdae Lee
- Jorge Moscat
- Joseph A. Hill
- Joseph J. Cullen
- Joseph J.Y. Sung
- José A. Sánchez-Alcázar
- José L. Crespo
- José L. Revuelta
- José Leiro
- José M. Fuentes
- José Miguel Vicencio
- Josée N. Lavoie
- Ju Huang
- Ju-Hong Jeon
- Ju-hyun lee
- Juan B. Kouri Flores
- Juan Fueyo
- Juan L. Iovanna
- Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Julien Puyal
- Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso
- Jun Fujii
- Jun Ren
- Jun-Lin Guan
- Jun-Lin Li
- Jun-Ying Miao
- Jung Jin Hwang
- Junichi Sadoshima
- Junsoo Park
- Jörg Höhfeld
- Jörn Dengjel
- Jürgen Zschocke
- Kah-Leong Lim
- Kai Er Eng
- Kai Kaarniranta
- Kai Mao
- Kaio Kitazato
- Kaiyu Liu
- Kaoru Takegawa
- Karen E. Duff
- Karim MR
- Karin Przyklenk
- Karin Thevissen
- Karina R. Bortoluci
- Karl Münger
- Kasper M.A. Rouschop
- Katarina Kågedal
- Katherine R. Parzych
- Katie Marchbank
- Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Katsuhiko Kitamoto
- Kay F. Macleod
- Kazuhiro Nagata
- Ke Wang
- Keiji Tanaka
- Keiji Wada
- Keisuke Miyazawa
- Keisuke Obara
- Ken Cadwell
- Ken Inoki
- Ken Sato
- Ken-ichi Isobe
- Kenichi Shibuya
- Ketteler R
- Kevin M. Ryan
- Kevin Moreau
- Kevin S.W. Tan
- Khong Bee Kang
- Khosrow Adeli
- Kiichi Nakahira
- Kim A. Heidenreich
- Kim D. Finley
- Kim N. Green
- Kimura S
- Kinya Otsu
- Kirill Rosen
- Klaus Ruckdeschel
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Klionsky DJ
- Kohki Yoshimoto
- Koji Okamoto
- Komatsu M
- Kominami E
- Konstantinos Ritis
- Kovács AL
- Kovács AL
- Kovács AL
- Kovács J
- Kovács J
- Kovács J
- Kozo Fujisaki
- Kozo Tanaka
- Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Kui Lin
- Kuma A
- Kun-Liang Guan
- Kuninori Suzuki
- Kwang Il Kang
- Kyeong Sook Choi
- Kyu Lim
- Lai-King Sy
- Lajos László
- Lance S. Terada
- Lars Tönges
- Laura Berliocchi
- Laura J. Olsen
- Laura Lossi
- Laura Santambrogio
- Laurent Le Cam
- Lawrence H. Boise
- Lea M.D. Delbridge
- Lena F. Burbulla
- Leo A. van Grunsven
- Leon O. Murphy
- Leonardo H. Travassos
- Leonidas C. Platanias
- Leonidas Stefanis
- Lester M. Davids
- Leticia A.M. Carneiro
- Levine B
- Leyuan Liu
- Li Yu
- Lian Li
- Liang Qin
- Liang Xu
- Lih-Shen Chin
- Lin Zhang
- Linda F. van Dyk
- Linda J. Bendall
- Linda Sealy
- Lisa B. Frankel
- Lisa M. Ellerby
- Lixin Wei
- Lizhi Cao
- Long Yu
- Long Zhang
- Long-Ping Wen
- Lorena Garcia
- Lori A. Hazelhurst
- Lorianne S. Turner
- Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
- Lotta Agholme
- Luca Benetti
- Luca Scorrano
- Lucia Notterpek
- Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
- Lucile Espert
- Ludger Klein
- Ludwig Eichinger
- Luigi Maiuri
- Luisa De Martino
- Lyamzaev KG
- Lynne J. Hocking
- László Fésüs
- Maciej S. Lesniak
- Madeleine Durbeej
- Magdalena M. Rost-Roszkowska
- Maho Hamasaki
- Makoto Hashimoto
- Mala Shanmugam
- Malene Hansen
- Malgorzata Gajewska
- Manoj B. Menon
- Manolis Fanto
- Mantong Zhao
- Marc Flajolet
- Marc Fransen
- Marc Germain
- Marc Poirot
- Marcela Votruba
- Marcello D'Amelio
- Marco Sandri
- Marco Tafani
- Marcus Fechheimer
- Maria A. Mena
- Maria Agnello
- Maria C. Roccheri
- Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Maria Condello
- Maria E. Figueiredo-Pereira
- Maria Francesca Aleo
- Maria Høyer-Hansen
- Maria I. Vaccaro
- Maria L. Florez-McClure
- Maria Markaki
- Maria R. Ciriolo
- Maria S. Soengas
- Maria T. Diaz-Meco
- Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Marianne J. Cronjé
- Marie-Josée Hébert
- Marina Jendrach
- Mario Di Gioacchino
- Mario P. Tschan
- Marion E. Schneider
- Marja Jäättelä
- Marjan Garmyn
- Marjolein van Egmond
- Mark E. Drew
- Mark J. Czaja
- Mark Prescott
- Mark R. Cookson
- Mark R. Marten
- Marlène Dreux
- Marta Izquierdo
- Marta Martinez-Vicente
- Martha M. Monick
- Martine Biard-Piechaczyk
- Martinet W
- Mary E. Choi
- María I. Colombo
- Masaaki Komatsu
- Masaru Harada
- Masashi Narita
- Masato Koike
- Massimo De Felici
- Mateus Marcondes
- Mathias Faure
- Mathias Gautel
- Matilde Masini
- Matthew E. Gegg
- Matthew L. Albert
- Matthias Gaestel
- Matthias Peter
- Maureen E. Murphy
- Mauro Piacentini
- May Christine V. Malicdan
- Maylin Almonte-Becerril
- Mee-Len Chye
- Meera Nanjundan
- Mehrdad Alirezaei
- Mei Wang
- Meiyan Jin
- Melanie J. McConnell
- Melinda A. Lynch-Day
- Meng-Chao Yao
- Mercedes Pozuelo-Rubio
- Mercer CA
- Mervyn J. Monteiro
- Meschini S
- Mette Prætorius-Ibba
- Michael Duszenko
- Michael I. Koukourakis
- Michael J. Clague
- Michael K. Hancock
- Michael L. Ginger
- Michael Lee
- Michael Lehmann
- Michael N. Moore
- Michael Overholtzer
- Michael P. Lisanti
- Michael S. Goligorsky
- Michael Scharl
- Michael T. Lotze
- Michael Thumm
- Michaël Boyer-Guittaut
- Michel A. Duchosal
- Michel Roberge
- Michelangelo Campanella
- Michele S. Swanson
- Michiaki Yamashita
- Michinaga Ogawa
- Michiorri S
- Michisuke Yuzaki
- Midori Umekawa
- Miep H. Helfrich
- Miguel Navarro
- Mihai G. Netea
- Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Miklós Sass
- Miller BC
- Min Chen
- Ming Jiang
- Ming-Huang Hong
- Ming-Yong Zhang
- Minnie Sarwal
- Miquel Vila
- Mireille Ouimet
- Miriam H. Meisler
- Misuzu Baba
- Mitsuhiro Yanagida
- Mitsunori Fukuda
- Miyuki Sato
- Mizushima N
- Mohamed Elgendy
- Mohsen Mardi
- Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
- Molly L. Bristol
- Mondira Kundu
- Monika Cahová
- Mora R
- Moriyasu Y
- Morten Petersen
- Mortimore GE
- Motoni Kadowaki
- Motyl T
- Mpakou VE
- Munafó DB
- Munir A. Al-Zeer
- Muriel Priault
- Mustapha Rouis
- Myung-Shik Lee
- N. Tony Eissa
- Na Man
- Nadezda Apostolova
- Nadia Zaffaroni
- Nadine Camougrand
- Nana Y.O. Asare
- Nancy L. Oleinick
- Nancy Y. Ip
- Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Nathalie M. Mazure
- Nathalie Produit-Zengaffinen
- Nathan R Brady
- Natik Piri
- Naweed I. Naqvi
- Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Nicholas J. Talbot
- Nicholas T. Ktistakis
- Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Nicola L. Jones
- Nicolas Pallet
- Nikolai V. Gorbunov
- Nina Raben
- Nixon RA
- Noboru Mizushima
- Nobuyuki Nukina
- Ogawa M
- Ohkmae K. Park
- Okatsu K
- Oleg Krut
- Oleksandr Seleverstov
- Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja
- Olga Zabirnyk
- Onya Opota
- Ook-Joon Yoo
- Orian S. Shirihai
- Ost A
- Ostenfeld MS
- Ouardia Ait-Mohamed
- Paglin S
- Paloma B. Liton
- Pamela J. McLean
- Panu M. Jaakkola
- Paola Costelli
- Paola Matarrese
- Paolo Bonaldo
- Paolo Paganetti
- Paolo Salomoni
- Papadopoulos T
- Parco M. Siu
- Pascale Cossart
- Patrice Codogno
- Patricia Boya
- Patricia V. Schoenlein
- Patrick Auberger
- Patrick Brest
- Patrick J. Hussey
- Patrick Legembre
- Patrizia Agostinis
- Paul A. Ney
- Paul A.M. Michels
- Paul B. Fisher
- Paul Dent
- Paul Hofman
- Paul K. Herman
- Paul Lingor
- Paul M. Salvaterra
- Paul S. Brookes
- Paul Webster
- Paula I. Moreira
- Pawel P. Liberski
- Pedro A. Lazo
- Per O. Seglen
- Peter G.H. Clarke
- Peter K. Kim
- Peter Low
- Peter R. Williamson
- Peter Strålfors
- Peter V. Bozhkov
- Peter Vandenabeele
- Philippe Gailly
- Philippe Gual
- Philippe Marambaud
- Philippe Pierre
- Piero Marchetti
- Pierre Golstein
- Pierre Lapaquette
- Piggott N
- Plomp PJ
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Poli A
- Poonam Sansanwal
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Pu Xia
- Qi-Wen Fan
- Qian Cai
- Qiangrong Liang
- Qili Feng
- Qing Jiang
- Qing Zhong
- Qiong A. Liu
- Qiuhong Duan
- Quan Chen
- Qun-Ying Lei
- Rafael Linden
- Raffaele Matteoni
- Raj Kumar
- Rajat Singh
- Ralph A. Nixon
- Ralph Feuer
- Ramnik J. Xavier
- Ramon Corbalan
- Ramon Gonzalez
- Rati Fotedar
- Ravi K. Amaravadi
- Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Regine Schneider-Stock
- Rejko Krüger
- Renaud Legouis
- Reuben J. Shaw
- Ricardo Escalante
- Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Richard A. Lockshin
- Richard C. Wang
- Richard D. Vierstra
- Richard J. Youle
- Richard Wade-Martins
- Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- Robert Baiocchi
- Robert C. Bast
- Robert Clarke
- Robert Layfield
- Robert S.B. Clark
- Robert T. Abraham
- Robert W. Gilkerson
- Roberta A. Gottlieb
- Roberta Castino
- Roberto Chiarelli
- Roberto Ciarcia
- Roberto Towns
- Rodney J. Devenish
- Rodrigo Franco
- Rodrigo Mora
- Rodriguez-Enriquez S
- Roger L. Albin
- Roger L. Williams
- Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski
- Rosa Ana González-Polo
- Rosa Puertollano
- Rosa Salvioli
- Rosado CJ
- Rosario A. Caruso
- Rossella Russo
- Roza Kucharczyk
- Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto
- Ruediger Stendel
- Rui Kang
- Rumpelt HJ
- Russ Chess-Williams
- Russel J. Reiter
- Ruth H. Furukawa
- Ruth S. Slack
- Réz G
- Réz G
- Réz G
- Réz G
- Sabah N.A. Hussain
- Sabine Hilfiker
- Saburo Matsuo
- Saeid Ghavami
- Safia Costes
- Sagar Lonial
- Sakagami H
- Salem Chouaib
- Salvador N
- Salvatore Florio
- Salvatore Oddo
- Sandra K. Halonen
- Sandra M. Cardoso
- Sandro Goruppi
- Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Sara Cherry
- Sarah L. Waters
- Sasaki K
- Satoru Noguchi
- Saverio Minucci
- Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar
- Schork SM
- Scott J. Bultman
- Scott M. Welford
- Scott O. Zeitlin
- Seamus J. Martin
- Sean T. Sweeney
- Seglen PO
- Seglen PO
- Seong Who Kim
- Seong-Woon Yu
- Serena Carra
- Serge Mostowy
- Serge Przedborski
- Sergio Comincini
- Sergio Lavandero
- Sergio P. Bydlowski
- Seung-Yong Yoon
- Seungmin Hwang
- Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- Sharad Kumar
- Sharon A. Tooze
- Sharon Gorski
- Sharon L. McKenna
- Shazib Pervaiz
- Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Shelburne JD
- Sheng Li
- Shengbing Huang
- Shengkan V. Jin
- Shengyun Fang
- Shi Yu Yang
- Shi-Yong Sun
- Shigeomi Shimizu
- Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Shin-ichiro Hayashi
- Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
- Shizuo Akira
- Shoba Amarnath
- Shu-Bing Qian
- Shunhei Yamashina
- Shvets E
- Shweta Saran
- Shyamal D. Desai
- Simin Mohseni
- Simon R. Carding
- Simon W. Rabkin
- Simon Wilkinson
- Simone Engelender
- Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- Sophie Pattingre
- Soraya S. Smaili
- Soumeya Bekri
- Sovan Sarkar
- Spencer B. Gibson
- Spruessel A
- Srinivasa M. Srinivasula
- Stan B. Sidhu
- Stefan E. Hardt
- Stefan J. Marciniak
- Stefan Olsson
- Stefan W. Ryter
- Stefania Meschini
- Stefanie Pöggeler
- Stefano Schiaffino
- Steffan T. Nawrocki
- Stephan T. Stern
- Stephane Rocchi
- Stephen A. Spector
- Stephen Doxsey
- Stephen Manon
- Steve S.-L. Chen
- Steven D. Harris
- Steven Finkbeiner
- Steven K. Backues
- Strømhaug PE
- Subramaniam Ganesh
- Sug Hyung Lee
- Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Suresh C. Tyagi
- Suresh K. Joseph
- Susan E. Quaggin
- Susann Patschan
- Susmita Kaushik
- Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- Swapan K. Ray
- Sylke Müller
- Sylviane Muller
- Sylvie M. Guichard
- Szeto J
- Sébastien Besteiro
- Taehoon Chun
- Tai-Ho Hung
- Takahiko Akematsu
- Takahiro Shintani
- Takao Setoguchi
- Takashi Momoi
- Takashi Ueno
- Takeshi Into
- Takeshi Noda
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Tallóczy Z
- Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Tapas Saha
- Taras Y. Nazarko
- Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Tatsuya Saitoh
- Taylor GS
- Ted R. Hupp
- Teresa Zoladek
- Terje Johansen
- Terry D. Oberley
- Tessa L. Holyoake
- Theocharis Panaretakis
- Thierry Soldati
- Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Thomas F. Meyer
- Thomas Farkas
- Thomas G. Hofmann
- Thomas J. Begley
- Thomas J. Melia
- Thomas P. Neufeld
- Thomas R. Gawriluk
- Thomas W. Grunt
- Thorsten Nürnberger
- Tianhong Pan
- Tibor Vellai
- Timothy F. Osborne
- Timothy J. Kinsella
- Ting Han
- Ting-Fen Tsai
- Tino Kurz
- Tobias B. Huber
- Tom Wileman
- Tomasz Motyl
- Tomohiro Kabuta
- Tomohiro Yorimitsu
- Tomoki Chiba
- Tomotake Kanki
- Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Tor Erik Rusten
- Toren Finkel
- Toshihiko Suzuki
- Toshiyuki Nakagawa
- Toya Ohashi
- Toyooka K
- Trond Lamark
- Tso-Pang Yao
- Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Tuck Wah Soong
- Tuttle DL
- Tóth S
- Udai Bhan Pandey
- Ugo Pagnini
- Ulf T. Brunk
- Uma Sankar
- Usha Nair
- V. Ashutosh Rao
- Valentina Iovane
- Valerie Askanas
- Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- Vassiliki Karantza
- Vellareddy Anantharam
- Venerando R
- Vergne I
- Victor Dosenko
- Victor V. Levenson
- Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Viktor I. Korolchuk
- Vinay Choubey
- Vincent Galy
- Vincenzo De Tata
- Virginia Espina
- Virginie Carmignac
- Vitaliy O. Kaminskyy
- Vivek K. Unni
- Vladimir Kirkin
- Vladimir P. Skulachev
- Vladimir Trajkovic
- Vojo Deretic
- Vojtech Skop
- vom Dahl S
- vom Dahl S
- von Haefen C
- Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Wai Haung Yu
- Walter Balduini
- Walter Malorni
- Walter T. Klimecki
- Wan-Wan Lin
- Wanda Buzgariu
- Wannian Yang
- Weber SM
- Webster P
- Weei-Chin Lin
- Wei Liu
- Wei Y
- Wei Yuan Yang
- Wei-Chiang Shen
- Wei-Guo Zhu
- Wei-Jia Kong
- Wei-Lien Yen
- Wei-Pang Huang
- Wei-Xing Zong
- Weidong Le
- Weijie Li
- Wen-Xing Ding
- WenLi Chen
- Wiep Scheper
- Wilfried Bursch
- William A. Weiss
- William K.K. Wu
- William T. Jackson
- Wim Martinet
- Wim P. Vandenberghe
- Winter G
- Wolfdieter Springer
- Won-Ki Huh
- Wouter G. van Doorn
- Xavier Molero
- Xi Chen
- Xiang Mao
- Xiang-Bo Wan
- Xianghua Yan
- Xiangmei Chen
- Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Xiao-Ming Yin
- Xiaolei Xu
- Xiaoning Bi
- Xiaoxiang Zheng
- Xiequn Chen
- Xinbing Sui
- Xinglong Wang
- Xiongwei Zhu
- Xiujie J. Wang
- Xu Dong Zhang
- Xue-Jun Li
- Xue-Yuan Bai
- Xuejun Jiang
- Xuejun Jiang
- Xueqin Song
- Ya Hua
- Yaichiro Kotake
- Yan Cheng
- Yan-Bo Li
- Yang Shi
- Yannick Bailly
- Yano K
- Yasuhiko Tomino
- Yasuo Uchiyama
- Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Ye-Guang Chen
- Yi Zhen Deng
- Yi-Fang Zhao
- Yi-Ling Lin
- Yi-Ping Li
- Ying Zhao
- Ying-Jan Wang
- Yingyu Chen
- Yipeng Wang
- Yohta Shimada
- Yokota S
- Yong Ma
- Yong-Joon Chwae
- Yong-Keun Jung
- Yong-Sun Kim
- Yonghyun Kim
- Yongqi Fang
- Yongqiang Chen
- Yoon-A Kang
- Yoshiaki Kamada
- Yoshihiro Shidoji
- Yoshimori T
- Yoshimura K
- Yoshinori Kawazoe
- Yoshitaka Isaka
- Yoshitaka Takano
- Yotaro Izumi
- You-Wen He
- Youji Feng
- Young Ho Koh
- Young-Chau Liu
- Yu-Jen Chen
- Yuan Tian
- Yuangang Zhu
- Yuji Moriyasu
- Yuko Yoshikawa
- Yule Liu
- Yung-Feng Liao
- Yves L. Marcel
- Zahra Zakeri
- Zelda H. Cheung
- Zhang H
- Zhen Fan
- Zhen Lu
- Zhen-Bo Wang
- Zheng Dong
- Zheng-Hong Qin
- Zhenyu Yue
- Zhi-Jun Sun
- Zhi-Min Yuan
- Zhifen Yang
- Zhigang Charles Wang
- Zhijun Xi
- Zhinong Wang
- Zhiping Xie
- Zhixiang Chen
- Zhizhuang J. Zhao
- Zhonglin Xie
- Zhou G
- Zhu H
- Zixu Mao
- Zu-Hang Sheng
- Zuzana Papackova
- Zvulun Elazar
- Åsa B. Gustafsson
- Øverbye A
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
- Author
- Abdel-Aziz Amal Kamal
- Abdelfatah Sara
- Abdellatif Mahmoud
- Abdoli Asghar
- Abel Steffen
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abildgaard Marie H
- Abudu Yakubu Princely
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adamopoulos Iannis E
- Adeli Khosrow
- Adolph Timon E
- Adornetto Annagrazia
- Aflaki Elma
- Afshar Elham Ghasemipour
- Agam Galila
- Agarwal Anupam
- Aggarwal Bharat B
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Agrewala Javed N
- Agrotis Alexander
- Aguilar Patricia V
- Ahmad S Tariq
- Ahmed Zubair M
- Ahumada-Castro Ulises
- Aits Sonja
- Aizawa Shu
- Akkoc Yunus
- Akoumianaki Tonia
- Akpinar Hafize Aysin
- Al-Abd Ahmed M
- Al-Akra Lina
- Al-Bari M Abdul Alim
- Al-Gharaibeh Abeer
- Alaoui-Jamali Moulay A
- Alberti Simon
- Alcocer-Gomez Elisabet
- Alcon Soledad Porte
- Alessandri Cristiano
- Ali Muhammad
- Aliwaini Saeb
- Alizadeh Javad
- Almacellas Eugenia
- Almasan Alexandru
- Alonso Alicia
- Alonso Guillermo D
- Altan-Bonnet Nihal
- Altieri Dario C
- Alvarez Elida MC
- Alves Sara
- Alzaharna Mazen M
- Amadio Marialaura
- Amantini Consuelo
- Amaral Cristina
- Ambrosio Susanna
- Amer Amal O
- Ammanathan Veena
- An Zhenyi
- Andersen Stig U
- Andrabi Shaida A
- Andrade-Silva Magaiver
- Andres Allen M
- Angelini Sabrina
- Ann David
- Anozie Uche C
- Ansari Mohammad Y
- Antas Pedro
- Antebi Adam
- Anton Zurine
- Anwar Tahira
- Apetoh Lionel
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Araki Toshiyuki
- Araki Yasuhiro
- Arasaki Kohei
- Araujo Thais Fenz
- Araujo Wagner L
- Araya Jun
- Arden Catherine
- Arevalo Maria-Angeles
- Arguelles Sandro
- Arias Esperanza
- Arikkath Jyothi
- Arimoto Hirokazu
- Ariosa Aileen R
- Armstrong-James Darius
- Arnaune-Pelloquin Laetitia
- Aroca Angeles
- Arroyo Daniela S
- Arsov Ivica
- Artero Ruben
- Asaro Dalia Maria Lucia
- Aschner Michael
- Ashrafizadeh Milad
- Ashur-Fabian Osnat
- Atanasov Atanas G
- Au Alicia K
- Auberger Patrick
- Auner Holger W
- Aurelian Laure
- Autelli Riccardo
- Avagliano Laura
- Avalos Yenniffer
- Aveic Sanja
- Aveleira Celia Alexandra
- AvinWittenberg Tamar
- Aydin Yucel
- Ayton Scott
- Ayyadevara Srinivas
- Azzopardi Maria
- Baba Misuzu
- Backer Jonathan M
- Backues Steven K
- Bae Dong-Hun
- Bae Ok-Nam
- Bae Soo Han
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Baek Ahruem
- Baek Seung-Hoon
- Baek Sung Hee
- Bagetta Giacinto
- Bagniewska-Zadworna Agnieszka
- Bai Hua
- Bai Jie
- Bai Xiyuan
- Bai Yidong
- Bairagi Nandadulal
- Baksi Shounak
- Balazadeh Salma
- Balbi Teresa
- Baldari Cosima T
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Ballester Maria
- Balzan Rena
- Bandopadhyay Rina
- Banerjee Sreeparna
- Banerjee Sulagna
- Bao Yan
- Baptista Mauricio S
- Baracca Alessandra
- Barbati Cristiana
- Bargiela Ariadna
- Barila Daniela
- Barlow Peter G
- Barmada Sami J
- Barreiro Esther
- Barrera Miguel Calvo-Rubio
- Barreto George E
- Bartek Jiri
- Bartel Bonnie
- Bartolome Alberto
- Barve Gaurav R
- Basagoudanavar Suresh H
- Bassham Diane C
- Basu Alakananda
- Batoko Henri
- Batten Isabella
- Baulieu Etienne E
- Baumgarner Bradley L
- Bayry Jagadeesh
- Beale Rupert
- Beau Isabelle
- Beaumatin Florian
- Bechara Luiz RG
- Beck George R Jr
- Beers Michael F
- Begun Jakob
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Behrens Georg MN
- Bei Roberto
- Bejarano Eloy
- Bel Shai
- Belaid Amine
- Belgareh-Touze Naima
- Bellarosa Cristina
- Belleudi Francesca
- Bello Perez Melissa
- Bello-Morales Raquel
- Beltran Sebastian
- Benbrook Doris Mangiaracina
- Bendorius Mykolas
- Benitez Bruno A
- Benito-Cuesta Irene
- Bensalem Julien
- Berchtold Martin W
- Berezowska Sabina
- Bergamaschi Daniele
- Bergami Matteo
- Bergmann Andreas
- Berliocchi Laura
- Berlioz-Torrent Clarisse
- Bernard Amelie
- Berthoux Lionel
- Besirli Cagri G
- Besteiro Sebastien
- Betin Virginie M
- Beyaert Rudi
- Bezbradica Jelena S
- Bharath MM Srinivas
- Bhaskar Kiran
- Bhatia-Kissova Ingrid
- Bhattacharya Resham
- Bhattacharya Sujoy
- Bhattacharyya Shalmoli
- Bhuiyan Md Shenuarin
- Bhutia Sujit Kumar
- Bi Lanrong
- Bi Xiaolin
- Biden Trevor J
- Bijian Krikor
- Billes Viktor A
- Binart Nadine
- Bincoletto Claudia
- Birgisdottir Asa B
- Bjorkoy Geir
- Blanco Gonzalo
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- Chen Zhi
- Chen Zhi-Hua
- Chen Zhijian J
- Chen Zhixiang
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- Cheng Xiaodong
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- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jit Kong
- Chernyak Boris V
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- Choi Mary E
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- Comincini Sergio
- Cominetti Marcia R
- Compagnoni Giacomo Monzio
- Consiglio Antonella
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- Contu Viorica Raluca
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- Diederich Marc
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- Distler Jorg HW
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- Haspel Jeffrey A
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- Zerovnik Eva
- Zhan Lixuan
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- Zhang Leshuai W
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- Zhang Zhengguang
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- Zhang Zhiyong
- Zhang Zili
- Zhao Haobin
- Zhao Lei
- Zhao Shuang
- Zhao Tongbiao
- Zhao Xiao-Fan
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Yongchao
- Zhao Yongliang
- Zhao Yuting
- Zheng Guoping
- Zheng Kai
- Zheng Ling
- Zheng Shizhong
- Zheng Xi-Long
- Zheng Yi
- Zheng Zu-Guo
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Ao
- Zhou Ben
- Zhou Cefan
- Zhou Gang
- Zhou Hao
- Zhou Hong
- Zhou Hongbo
- Zhou Jie
- Zhou Jing
- Zhou Jing
- Zhou Jiyong
- Zhou Kailiang
- Zhou Rongjia
- Zhou Xu-Jie
- Zhou Yanshuang
- Zhou Yinghong
- Zhou Yubin
- Zhou Zheng-Yu
- Zhou Zhou
- Zhu Binglin
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Guo-Qing
- Zhu Haining
- Zhu Hongxin
- Zhu Hua
- Zhu WeiGuo
- Zhu Yanping
- Zhu Yushan
- Zhuang Haixia
- Zhuang Xiaohong
- Zientara-Rytter Katarzyna
- Zimmermann Christine M
- Ziviani Elena
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorov Dmitry B
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zou Weiping
- Zou Zhen
- Zou Zhengzhi
- Zuryn Steven
- Zwerschke Werner
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M
- Al-Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
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- Towns Roberto
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In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field