Prevalence and factors associated with dengue fever among febrile patients attending secondary health facilities in Kano metropolis, Nigeria

Background: The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has categorized dengue fever as a priority epidemic-prone disease. Kano metropolis is a hub for international trade and has seen rapid population growth with unplanned urbanisation. This provides the right environment for dengue virus transmission and spread. Most fevers in Nigeria and Kano in particular are treated as malaria or typhoid. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with dengue fever and dengue-malaria co-infection among febrile patients in Kano metropolis. Methodology: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study among febrile patients attending secondary health facilities in Kano metropolis. We used multistage sampling technique to recruit 440 participants into the study. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect participants’ information, while blood was screened for malaria using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit and tested for dengue fever using an ELISA kit for dengue IgM. Data was cleaned and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Epi Info version 7.2 to calculate frequencies, proportions and odds ratios. Results: The median age of participants was 24 years (IQR= 13-36 years) while the age-group most represented was the 10-19 years’ age group with 97 (22.9%) participants. Males constituted 257 (60.6%) while most were single 238 (56.1%). Dengue IgM was positive for 332 (78.3%), while malaria RDT was positive for 81 (19.1%) and 67 (15.8%) were positive for both. Those aged above 25 years were less likely to present with dengue fever (OR=0.6; 95% CI=0.33-0.97). Dengue fever contributes a high percentage to febrile illnesses seen in Kano metropolis. Significant proportions of febrile patients have both dengue and malaria co-infection. None of the participants had dengue as a presumptive diagnosis. Conclusion: These findings imply dengue fever should feature as a prominent differential for febrile illnesses and dengue screening tests should be made available for all cases seen in Kano. Keywords: seroprevalence; dengue fever; RDT; secondary health facilities; Nigeria French Title: Prévalence et facteurs associés à la dengue chez les patients fébriles fréquentant les établissements de santé secondaires de la métropole de Kano, au Nigéria Contexte: Le Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) a classé la dengue parmi les maladies à tendance épidémique prioritaires. La métropole de Kano est une plaque tournante du commerce international et a connu une croissance démographique rapide avec une urbanisation imprévue. Cela fournit le bon environnement pour la transmission et la propagation du virus de la dengue. La plupart des fièvres au Nigeria et à Kano en particulier sont traitées comme le paludisme ou la typhoïde. Cette étude visait à déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs associés à la dengue et à la co-infection dengue-paludisme chez les patients fébriles de la métropole de Kano. Méthodologie: Nous avons mené une étude transversale en milieu hospitalier auprès de patients fébriles fréquentant des établissements de santé secondaires de la métropole de Kano. Nous avons utilisé une technique d'échantillonnage en plusieurs étapes pour recruter 440 participants dans l'étude. Un questionnaire structuré administré par un intervieweur a été utilisé pour collecter les informations des participants, tandis que le sang a été testé pour le paludisme à l'aide d'un kit de test de diagnostic rapide (TDR) et testé pour la dengue à l'aide d'un kit ELISA pour les IgM de la dengue. Les données ont été nettoyées et analysées à l'aide de Microsoft Excel 2016 et d'Epi Info version 7.2 pour calculer les fréquences, les proportions et les rapports de cotes. Résultats: L'âge médian des participants était de 24 ans (IQR=13-36 ans) tandis que le groupe d'âge le plus représenté était le groupe d'âge 10-19 ans avec 97 (22,9%) participants. Les hommes en constituaient 257 (60,6%) tandis que la plupart étaient célibataires 238 (56,1%). Les IgM de la dengue étaient positives pour 332 (78,3%), tandis que les TDR du paludisme étaient positifs pour 81 (19,1%) et 67 (15,8%) étaient positifs pour les deux. Les personnes âgées de plus de 25 ans étaient moins susceptibles de présenter une fièvre dengue (OR=0,6; IC à 95%=0,33-0,97). La dengue contribue à un pourcentage élevé des maladies fébriles observées dans la métropole de Kano. Des proportions significatives de patients fébriles présentent une co-infection à la fois par la dengue et le paludisme. Aucun des participants n'avait de dengue comme diagnostic présumé. Conclusion: Ces résultats impliquent que la dengue devrait apparaître comme un différentiel important pour les maladies fébriles et des tests de dépistage de la dengue devraient être disponibles pour tous les cas observés à Kano. Mots-clés: séroprévalence; la fièvre de la dengue; RDT; établissements de santé secondaires; Nigeri

POPULATION STRUCTURE AND GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS FOR SALINITY TOLERANCE IN BREAD WHEAT USING SNP, SSR AND SCOT MARKER ASSAYS

Wheat is an essential staple food in the developing world, where demand is projected to grow exponentially in the future; simultaneously, climate changes are projected to reduce supply in the near future. One of the main consequences of climate change is salinity, which negatively impacts the world's cultivated area and therefore affects the global wheat production. Our objectives are to study the population structure of several Egyptian and international wheat accessions and to identify the genetic factors controlling the salinity stress response of bread wheat. In addition, we have attempt to identify genes that control some important agronomic parameters of wheat under salinity stress were identified. The wheat germplasm panel consisted of 70 accessions obtained from Egypt, Syria and Iran. The assessment of salinity tolerance was conducted over the years of 2018 and 2019 in the field and in the greenhouse. The genome association analysis (GWAS) and population structure analysis was conducted using six SCoT, five SSR and 93 SNP markers. Analysis of the population structure using allele frequency and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the studied wheat accessions were belong to four population groups. Where, for the most portion, Egyptian, Syrian and Iranian accessions are clustered depending on their country of origin. The GWAS analysis revealed 13 SNP markers that were significantly associated with morpho-agronomic wheat traits during salinity stress. These markers were closely related to genes that are known to have a direct link to wheat response to salinity stress such as CYP709B2, MDIS2, STAYGREEN, PIP5K9, and MSSP2 genes. This study revealed the genetic structure of adapted and imported wheat accessions, which could be used to select potential wheat accessions for local breeding programs. In addition, the SNP genotyping assay is a very potential technology that could be efficiently applied to detect genes that control bread wheat response to salinity stress

The Effect of Square Finned Conformal Cooling (SFCC) on Cycle Time for Plastic Injection Moulding / K. Kamarudin ...[et al.]

Cooling system is a significant factor in productivity and quality in the plastic injection moulding process. Numerous researchers demonstrated that conformal cooling channel yields significant improvement of productivity and quality of plastic injection moulding process. Apart from that, the advancement of Solid Free Form Technology (SFF) allows a mould designer to design a variety of conformal cooling channel geometry rather than conventional designs. This paper presents the research work to enhance the efficiency of square shaped groove conformal cooling channels which uses fins concept. Existing conformal cooling channel design that uses square shape groove was improved by incorporating fins to meet the best design that can reduce the cooling time. The effect of Square Finned Conformal Cooling (SFCC) design on cooling time was investigated by using Autodesk Moldflow Insight software. The simulation results indicated that different number of fins influences the cooling time. From the analysis, it was found that time to reach the ejection temperature was reduced by 19.4% for the cooling channels with 4 fins compared to existing cooling channel

Effect Of Incubation Temperature On Ikta’s Quail Breed With New Rolling Mechanism System / Mohd Badli Ramli...[et al.]

Successful of hatching rates in incubation quails IKTA(Institut Kemahiran Ternakan Ayam) may differ between each hatchery. There is numerous factor that influence embryonic development, among the parameter is temperature, humidity, air movement, eggs placement etc., This factor may lead to high percentage of embryo hatching and healthy DOQ (day one quail). Nine incubations were performed with 3 set of different temperature to examine the effect of different setting temperature. For eggs placement, eggs were turns using rolling mechanism 360° for every hour. Eggs obtained from local breeder with same age broiler flocks and stored for 1 to 4 days prior to intimate other commercial ideal condition. All in and all out system was used in all incubation set, eggs were place 40 piece in tray from day one until day 17. Overall it was determined that the best setting temperature is 37°c 14day then 38°c 3day that can produce average 89.17% hatching, average first hatch is in the end of day 15 complete hatch in 16 day. Temperature set 38°c 14day, then 39°c3day is 84.17%, average first hatch is day 15.5 end 16 day, not harmful compared to 39°c14day, then 40°c3day with 76.67% hatching with average first hatch is day 15.5 end 16 day. With increasing setting temperature, up to 39°c to 40°c still not successful as 37°c to 38°c, excessive temperature did not affect hatchability neither drastically speed up the hatching days, but can cause detrimental effect, embryonic mortality to eggs development. First hatch in the end of day 14, average in day 15, complete hatching in the end of day 16 , this is faster than other incubator in the market that average 17 day/ cycle. This new faster cycle cause by the consistent heat flow and humidity inside incubation chamber surrounding the eggs shell. In conclusion, ideal setting temperature 37°c 14day 38°c 3day is the best setting temperature to incubate IKTA species quails, with the efficiency of machine supply consistence temperature, humidity and eggs movement are the main parameter to ensure high hatching rates of IKTA quails

EPIdemiology of Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) : Study protocol for a multicentre, observational trial

More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI. EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI. EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials. Trial registration number NCT04165369

Search for leptophobic Z ' bosons decaying into four-lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for black holes and other new phenomena in high-multiplicity final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurements of differential production cross sections for a Z boson in association with jets in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for high-mass diphoton resonances in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV search

Peer reviewe