An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV using the CMS detector

The performance of missing transverse momentum ((p) over right arrow (miss)(T)) reconstruction algorithms for the CMS experiment is presented, using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected at the CERN LHC in 2016. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The results include measurements of the scale and resolution of (p) over right arrow (miss)(T), and detailed studies of events identified with anomalous (p) over right arrow (miss)(T). The performance is presented of a (p) over right arrow (miss)(T) reconstruction algorithm that mitigates the effects of multiple proton-proton interactions, using the "pileup per particle identification" method. The performance is shown of an algorithm used to estimate the compatibility of the reconstructed (p) over right arrow (miss)(T) with the hypothesis that it originates from resolution effects.Peer reviewe

رسول اللہ کی دعاؤں کی قبولیت کے حسی مظاہر

Praise and thanks be to the Creator of the universe and peace and blessings be upon Muhammad (PBUH) that he taught his ummah the method and manners of supplicating to Allaah. Ask Allah Almighty for His servants. It is very pleasing to Him. It is a complete expression of humility and helplessness in the presence of Allah Almighty and full of need and misery, and believing that everything is under His control. The title of the collection of all is the place of worship, which is supreme in all places. Prayer is the essence and special manifestation of worship. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) is the Imam of this place, that is, he is superior to everyone in this special attribute.  The most important attribute of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is the state of supplication. He did it himself and the people felt the signs of acceptance of his prayers   When the Creator of the universe, Allah, the Lord of Glory, created man with His noble creatures, at the same time not only instructed him in prayers, but also taught him the ways and means of asking, murmuring, and calling out to Him. By writing on this subject, I want to prove that the supplications of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) are a source of knowledge. Are proofs and miracles of the Prophet  Because no human being can ask for such prayers with his personal intellect and personal thinking as the Holy Prophet (PBUH) asked for and urged his ummah to perform those prayers. We have a lot of books on this subject. Scholars have written a lot on the subject of du'a, but this style and manner has not shed light on the subject of raising one's hands for du'a from here and accepting it immediately. This topic is very unique because it has been awarded a certificate

سونےاور چاندی پرزکوٰة میں مقادیر کافرق اورفقہی مسائل قرآن وسنت کے تناظر میں ایک تحقیقی مقالہ

In this article, jurisprudential issues have been deduced from the difference between the values ​​of Zakat on gold and silver. Applied and qualitative research has been done in this article. Gold and silver coins have disappeared in the present era and have been replaced by paper notes. The question is under which syllabus should the Zakat on paper currency be collected, according to the syllabus of gold or according to the syllabus of silver? In this research, it has been clarified that the Shari'ah has prescribed 7.5 tolas of gold and 52 tolas of silver. Most of the scholars are of the opinion that the syllabus of Zakat should be fixed from silver, because Proven.The second reason is that the silver syllabus is more useful for the poor, while other scholars are of the opinion that in the present age the syllabus of Zakat should be measured by gold, because there is instability in the price of silver. Historians state that the dinar was equal to 10 dirhams in the time of the Prophet, 12 dirhams in the last period of the Umayyad period and 15 dirhams in the time of the Abbasids has been stable. If we compare the amount of Zakat with other sources, then Zakat on 5 camels, Zakat on 40 goats, Zakat on 5 Wasq of dates or raisins, then we will know that even in this era, gold is the closest to all the courses of Zakat, so it is appropriate. That is to say, in the present age, we should make gold the basis for determining the syllabus of Zakat

سونےاور چاندی پرزکوٰة میں مقادیر کافرق اورفقہی مسائل قرآن وسنت کے تناظر میں ایک تحقیقی مقالہ: Metamorphoses in the amount of Zakat on gold and silver: A Jurisprudential Research in the context of Qur'an and Sunnah

In this article, jurisprudential issues have been deduced from the difference between the values ​​of Zakat on gold and silver. Applied and qualitative research has been done in this article. Gold and silver coins have disappeared in the present era and have been replaced by paper notes. The question is under which syllabus should the Zakat on paper currency be collected, according to the syllabus of gold or according to the syllabus of silver? In this research, it has been clarified that the Shari'ah has prescribed 7.5 tolas of gold and 52 tolas of silver. Most of the scholars are of the opinion that the syllabus of Zakat should be fixed from silver, because Proven.The second reason is that the silver syllabus is more useful for the poor, while other scholars are of the opinion that in the present age the syllabus of Zakat should be measured by gold, because there is instability in the price of silver. Historians state that the dinar was equal to 10 dirhams in the time of the Prophet, 12 dirhams in the last period of the Umayyad period and 15 dirhams in the time of the Abbasids has been stable. If we compare the amount of Zakat with other sources, then Zakat on 5 camels, Zakat on 40 goats, Zakat on 5 Wasq of dates or raisins, then we will know that even in this era, gold is the closest to all the courses of Zakat, so it is appropriate. That is to say, in the present age, we should make gold the basis for determining the syllabus of Zakat

برصغیر میں اسلامی تہذیب کا زوال : سلیم احمد کے افکار کا تعارف و تنقیدی جائزہ : The Decline of the Islamic Civilization of Sub-Continent- A crtical Analysis of the Ideas of Saleem Ahmad

The degrading and declining state of Muslims of the Subcontinent and their ideological crisis have been a topic of recurring debate and discussions among several Muslim scholars, including Sir Sayyed Ahmad and Allama Muhammad Iqbal and modern-day scholars such as Hasan Askari and Saleem Ahmad. Besides being an excellent prose writer and poet, Saleem Ahmad (1927-1983) is also regarded as one of the eminent Urdu literature critics. Being a prolific researcher, he penned down voluminous scholarly writings on diverse issues related to Islamic civilization in general and in the context of the sub-continent in particular. His writings cover a wide range of subjects ranging from an analysis of social issues to ideological dilemmas of Muslims and also providing strategic solutions to these multifaceted issues. While addressing the downfall of Muslims of the subcontinent, he had expressed his grief and concerns for ignoring their heritage and roots of Islamic civilization. His refutation of western civilization is not purely academic, however, he establishes strong logical arguments based on an in-depth understanding of Islamic civilization. The strong criticism of the modern concept of man rooted in western ideology has been pivotal in his essays and writings. This article covers the fundamental ideas of Saleem Ahmad written on the degrading state of Muslims of the sub-continent. It is almost impossible to cover the breadth of Saleem Ahmad in one article of the limited length of words, however, it has been tried to shed light on his thoughts related to the downfall of Muslims of the sub-continent

ثقافت کی جغرافیائی اساس

There are some different factors which take part in developing culture. Geography is one of them which can't be denied. People living riversides have their own culture which is different from the culture of desert areas. People of hill areas have different behavior and culture than the people of plane areas. Warm weather areas and cold weather areas also influenced their livings. It means geography has its own influence on behaviors and culture. In this article some critics and their theories are discussed in this regard

A CORPUS-BASED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ASSERTIVE STRATEGIES IN PAKISTANI DEMOCRATIC AND DICTATORIAL SPEECHES

The present study explores the assertive strategies in Pakistani democratic and dictatorial speeches delivered by Pervez Musharraf and Benazir Bhutto during 1999-2007 in Pakistan and abroad. Fairclough’s model of Critical Discourse Analysis has been used to trace formal properties of basic assertive statements and relationship between speech text and           socio-political context. To meet the objectives of the study, sixteen speeches of Pervez Musharraf with 29744 word tokens and twelve speeches of Benazir Bhutto with 29177 word tokens have been selected following convenient sampling technique. Assertive features including clusters, modality, boosters in assertiveness and key words have been delimited to probe repeated assertiveness in the speeches corpora of both politicians. Quantitative data have been extracted from AntConc (3.2.1). This study reveals that both democratic and dictatorial leaders have used various assertive strategies to present some view, belief and stance. With the corpus analysis, it is found that dictatorial speeches are abounded in multiple assertive strategies of identity, ideology and power whereas the democratic assertiveness comprise solidarity, generalization, and rights.  Democratic assertiveness tends to convey assimilative approach whereas dictatorial assertions are self-restricted and subject to unshared power

Computation of Temporal Decline to a Vanished Island (A Case Study Zalzala Koh)

A massive tremor stuck Baluchistan Pakistan on September 24, 2013 with a magnitude of 7.7 recorded on Richter scale. The epicenter was Awaran Baluchistan which directly affected about 300,000 people leaving about 386 causalities. The impact of this earthquake was so much large that it created a new landmass which was named as Zalzala Koh later. It was the result of strike slip faulting at a depth of 15km. The new born island was full of rich minerals, gases and dead sea animals. This island was 60 feet high, 100 feet wide and 250 feet long. The classification results of Landsat 8 show that the island completely disappeared in 2019 after 6 six years of its birth. First the volume of this island decreases due to reduced pressure of internal gases and secondly, the high-pressure water waves vanished it completely. Satellite imagery proved efficient for spatio-temporal monitoring of various landuse classes. Full Tex