Sürücülerin Risk Algısı Aşina Olunan ve Olunmayan Yollarda Araç Kullanırken Nasıl Değişir: Kadın ve Erkek Sürücülerin Karşılaştırması

Yol güvenliği, insan, araç ve çevre ile ilgili faktörler arasındaki etkileşimin bir sonucudur. Bu çalışmada, yol güvenliğinde çevre ile ilgili bir faktör olarak yol aşinalığı araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, sürücülerin aşina oldukları ve olmadıkları yollardaki öznel risk algılarının incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 279 erkek ve 201 kadın olmak üzere toplam 480 sürücü katılmıştır. Katılımcılar demografik bilgi formunu ve Risk Algısı Envanteri’ni doldurmuştur. Sonuçlar, sürücülerin aşina olmadıkları yollarda araç kullanmayı aşina oldukları yollara göre daha riskli algıladıklarını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, kadın sürücüler hem aşina oldukları hem de aşina olmadıkları yollarda erkek sürücülere göre daha yüksek risk algısı raporlamışlardır. Sonuç olarak, yola aşinalık, sürücülerin risk değerlendirmesinde önemli bir faktör olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, ilgili literatür ışığında karayolu güvenliği üzerindeki etkileri ile tartışılmıştır

The Impacts of Elastic Band Training on the Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles of Olympic-Style Weightlifters

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to examine the impacts of elastics band trainings, which were applied for 12 weeks on the Olympic-style weightlifters, on their sportive performances and psoas, ilacus, and quadratus lumborum muscle volumes.Materials and Methods: This research study was conducted on 4 groups, comprising of 12 men (elastic band training group (n=6), control group (n=6)), and 12 women (elastic band training group (n=6), control group (n=6)) Olympic-style weightlifters. The athletes in the elastic band training groups were engaged in standing hip flexion exercises, clamshell exercises, lying hip flexion exercises, and side bend exercises. Before and after the elastic band training applied to the Olympic-style weightlifters for 12 weeks, (1.5 Tesla) MRI device was used for the axial images of the regions starting from the 12th thoracic vertebrae to the trochanter minor of femur. The volume calculations of the muscles were conducted via the Cavalieri method.Results: After the elastic band training, it was determined that the total volume of posterior abdominal wall muscles of the men and women weightlifters in the elastic band training groups and the total weights lifted by them were higher compared to those of the control group individuals (p<0,001).Conclusion: As the result, it can be stated that including the posterior abdominal wall muscle developing trainings into the general programs of the weightlifters in the Olympic weightlifting sport can both enable an increase in the volumes of the muscles in this region and positively influence the performance of the athletes

Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine

Polymer scaffolds have many various applications in the field of tissue engineering, drug delivery, and implantation. They are applied as dispensing devices for bioactive molecules and as three-dimensional (3D) structures that provide stimulants that organize cells and direct desired original tissue formation. Hydrogels are preferred scaffolding material because they are structurally similar to the extracellular matrix of many tissues, often processed under mild conditions, and can be delivered in a minimally invasive manner. Hydrogel materials formed a group of polymeric materials. The hydrophilic structure allows them to hold large amounts of water in their three-dimensional backbone. As a result, hydrogels are used as scaffolding material for drug and growth factor transmission, tissue engineering modifications, and many other applications. In this chapter, we describe the physical and chemical structure of hydrogels, side groups, cross-linkings, swelling properties, types of polymers and fabrication methods, and application fields

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review

Toy M, Önder FO, Wörmann T, et al. Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review. BMC infectious diseases. 2011;11(1): 337.BACKGROUND: To provide a clear picture of the current hepatitis B situation, the authors performed a systematic review to estimate the age- and region-specific prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Turkey. METHODS: A total of 339 studies with original data on the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Turkey and published between 1999 and 2009 were identified through a search of electronic databases, by reviewing citations, and by writing to authors. After a critical assessment, the authors included 129 studies, divided into categories: 'age-specific'; 'region-specific'; and 'specific population group'. To account for the differences among the studies, a generalized linear mixed model was used to estimate the overall prevalence across all age groups and regions. For specific population groups, the authors calculated the weighted mean prevalence. RESULTS: The estimated overall population prevalence was 4.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.58, 5.76, and the estimated total number of CHB cases was about 3.3 million. The outcomes of the age-specific groups varied from 2.84, (95% CI: 2.60, 3.10) for the 0-14-year olds to 6.36 (95% CI: 5.83, 6.90) in the 25-34-year-old group. CONCLUSION: There are large age-group and regional differences in CHB prevalence in Turkey, where CHB remains a serious health problem

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Eingebrannt in die Erinnerung: die Mordserie des NSU

Über den NSU wurde bereits viel geschrieben und publiziert. Doch häufig fehlt der Blick der Betroffenen, die Perspektive derjenigen, die zu Opfern der rassistischen Mordserie gemacht worden sind. Migrantische Perspektiven auf den NSU standen im Diskurs um den NSU-Komplex eher im Hintergrund

ASSESMENT OF COLOR CHANGES DURING THE DRYING OF INK USED IN OFFSET PRINTING TECHNIQUE

Tabaka ofset baskı tekniğinde mürekkep, baskı malzemesinin yüzey yapısına bağlı olarak fiziksel ve kimyasal olarak kurumaktadır. Kurumus mürekkebin baskı malzemesi yüzeyinde ince bir film olusturarak iyi bir renk siddeti vermesi gerekir. Baskı sonucunun görsel kalitesi büyük oranda baskı malzemesiyle mürekkebin ideal düzeyde birlesmesine, özellikle mürekkebin malzeme üzerindeki kuruma ve sabitlesme sürecine bağlıdır. Bu çalısmada, ofset baskıda kurumaya bağlı olarak mürekkep densite değisimleri ve basılan mürekkebin belirli zamanlardaki L *(parlaklık), a*(kırmızı-yesil), b*(sarı-mavi) değerleri ölçülmüstür. 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 ve 90. dakikalarda spektrofotometre ve densitometreyle standart kuruma sartlarında yapılan bu ölçümlerle kuruma ve yerlesme süreçlerinin renk evrenine etkisi incelenmistir. Bulunan değerler çizelgeler hâline getirilerek kuruma davranısları ve GE (renk mesafesi) farklılıkları ortaya konmustur. CIE L*a*b* cinsinden edinilen renk değerleri ile hangi asamalarda yüksek renk değisimi meydana geldiği tespit edilmistir.In the sheet-fed offset printing technique, the ink physically and chemically drying in accordance with the surface structure of the printing material. Dried ink needs to give a good colour intensity, while constituting a thin film on the surface of printing materials. The visual quality of the printed matter depends largely on the optimum level of unification between the printing material and the ink. Especially the ink's fixation and drying process on the material. In this study, the ink density changes depending on drying in offset printing and the printed ink's L *(lightness), a*(red-green), b*(yellow-blue) assets in definite times were measured. With these measures done in the 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90. minutes on spectrophotometer and densitometer standart drying conditions, how to be affected the color spaces by the drying and the settlement process' effect on color spaces was examined. The obtained valves were formed in tables and the drying behaviours and the GE varietions were carried out. With color valves obtained from CIE L*a*b* kind, in which levels high color exchange occured were determined

The Effect Of Roller Wearıngs On Prınt Qualıty In Sheet-Fed Offset Prıntıng

Baskı makinelerinde mürekkep ve nemlendirme merdanelerinin kalitesi ve kullanımı baskı kalitesi ile üretim performansını etkileyen önemli faktörlerdendir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ofset baskı merdanelerinin çalışma süresince yüzeyinde meydana gelen pürüzlülük, çap ve sertlik değişimlerini tespit etmek ve merdane aşınmalarının baskı kalitesine etkisini belirlemektir. Bu kapsamda, 750 000 adet baskıya kadar her yüz binde bir; 750 000 baskıdan sonra beş milyon baskıya kadar, her bir milyonda bir merdane yüzeyinde meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca merdane yüzeyindeki değişimin baskı kalitesine ve renk evrenine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla basılı örneklerin densite değerleri ve L*a*b* renk ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Merdane yüzeyinde meydana gelen bu değişimin renk kalitesini negatif yönde etkilemediği ortaya konulmuştur. Yeni merdane ile yapılan baskıların tram noktalarının daha düzenli olduğu buna karşın eski merdane ile elde edilen tram noktalarının ise bozulmuş yapı sergilediği tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra merdane yüzeyinden ve test baskılardan elde edilen ölçümler istatiksel olarak analiz edilmiş ve baskı kalitesinin önemli parametreleri olan densite, L*, a*, b* ve &#916;E için uygulanabilir bir matematiksel model geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen model sonuçları ile deney sonuçlarının çok yakın bir dağılım sergilediği ve pratik olarak kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.The quality and use of inking and dampening rollers on the printing press is one of the important factors that affect the printing quality and production performance. The aim of this study is to determine the roughness, diameter and hardness changes on the surface of offset printing rollers while operating time and indicate the effect of roller wearing on printing quality. Within this framework the changes, up to 750 000 unit printing samples one per hundred thousand, after 750 000 unit printing samples one per one million, occurred on roller surface were examined. Also density values and L*a*b* color measurement was done to determine the printing quality and color space which affected by change on the roller surface. It was suggest that the changes occurred on the roller surface have not affect the color quality in a negatively. It was indicated that the printing dots which are done with the new roller were more uniform although screen dots obtained by using old roller showed a distorted structure. Then the measurements obtained from roller surface and printing samples were analysed statistically and a feasible mathematical model was developed for density, L*, a*, b* and &#916;E which are important parameters of printing quality. It was seen that the results of the developed model and tests showed a good agreement and they are practically workable